辽宁省沈阳市市级重点高中联合体2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析.docx

辽宁省沈阳市市级重点高中联合体2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析20222023学年度(下)联合体高二期末检测英语(满分：150分考试时间：120分钟)注意事项：1. 答题时，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3. 答非选择题时，必须使用黑色墨水笔或黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上，写在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。4. 考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the man stress?A. Environmental pollution. B. Environmental protection. C. White pollution predictions. 2. How long will the man stay if his wife comes?A. For 4 nights. B. For 6 nights. C. For 8 nights. 3. How will Tom know if the school is canceled?A. By asking his mother. B. By watching the snow. C. By checking the TV news. 4. Where was the man born?A. In England. B. In Canada. C. In America. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues. B. Strangers. C. Husband and wife. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6 Why does the man choose the cafe around the corner?A. For its better taste. B. For its lower price. C. For its shorter distance. 7. How much will the woman pay?A. 10 dollars. B. 16 dollars. C. 20 dollars. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What will Judy do this afternoon?A. Attend a meeting. B. Design some models. C. Send Peter a brochure. 9. Why does Peter make the phone call?A. To order some machines. B. To ask for color pictures. C. To change the delivery time. 10. When will the speakers sign the agreement?A. This evening. B. Tomorrow morning. C. At noon tomorrow. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. When did David retire?A. In 2014. B. In 2015. C. In 2020. 12. Why did David choose to volunteer after retirement?A. To develop a new hobby. B. To find a good way to make money. C. To put his experience and knowledge to use. 13. What is David doing now as a volunteer?A. Being a traffic guide. B. Teaching in local schools. C. Offering food to the homeless. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. What is Johns younger brother like?A. He is smart and naughty. B. He is really fun and playful. C. He is serious but humorous. 15. What is Johns father?A. A worker. B. A lawyer. C. A novelist. 16. What are they mainly talking about?A. Scaring mysteries. B. Police dramas. C. The family members. 17. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The speakers must be a couple. B. John knows his family very well. C. The woman also loves horror novels. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What is the first cause of fires mentioned?A. Wars. B. Terrorism. C. Carelessness. 19. What does the speaker say about wet hay?A. It is easy to store. B. It gives off harmful gases. C. It is more likely to start fires. 20. Which city burned in 64 AD?A. Rome. B. Moscow. C. London. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFAMOUS CHINESE PAINTINGS, ARTISTIC TREASURESWith thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the most unique nations. Over many centuries, Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people. Nymph of the Luo River Gu KaizhiThe legend has it that Cao Zhi, a prince of the state of Cao Wei, fell in love with the governors daughter. However, she married his brother, Cao Pi, and the prince became upset. Later, he composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem. Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers Zhou FangDuring the Tang Dynasty, China had a prosperous economy and flourishing culture. In this period, the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang, a Chinese artist, created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as though they were fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog. Along the River During the Qingming Festival Zhang ZeduanZhang Zeduan depicted the landscape in his work Along the River During the Qingming Festival. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains Wang XimengNot only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died at the age of twenty, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.1. What can we learn from this passage?A. Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting.B. Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Cao Zhi.C. Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece two years before he died.D. Zhang Zeduans painting was set in the Northern Song Dynasty.2. Which is the best choice if you want to enjoy a painting showing the beauty of nature?A. Nymph of the Luo River Gu KaizhiB. Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers Zhou FangC. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains Wang XimengD. Along the River During the Qingming Festival Zhang Zeduan3. Which part of a magazine can this passage come from?A. Business.B. Culture.C. Travel.D. Lifestyle.BYes, study comes hard to you, my dear Enrico, as your mother says. I do not yet see you set out for school with that determined mind and that smiling face which I should like. You are still stubborn. But listen; reflect a little! What a miserable thing your day would be if you did not go to school! At the end of a week you would beg with tears that you might return there, for you would be eaten up with boredom and shame; disgusted with your sports and with your existence. Everybody, everybody studies now, my child. Think of the workmen who go to school in the evening after having worked hard all the day; think of the women, of the girls, of the people, who go to school on Sunday, after having worked all the week; of the soldiers who turn to their books and copy-books when they return exhausted from their drill! Think of the dumb and of the boys who are blind, but who study, nevertheless. Think of the innumerable boys who, at nearly this precise hour, are going to school in all countries. Behold them with your imagination, alone, in couples, in groups, in long lines, all with their books under their arms, dressed in a thousand ways, speaking a thousand tongues, from the most remote schools in Russia almost lost in the ice to the furthermost schools of Arabia, shaded by palm-trees, millions and millions, all going to learn the same things, in a hundred varied forms. Imagine this vast, vast crowd of boys of a hundred races, this great movement of which you form a part, and think, if this movement were to cease, humanity would fall back into barbarism (野蛮); this movement is the progress, the hope, the glory of the world. Courage, then, little soldier of the immense army. Your books are your arms, your class is your squadron (中队), the field of battle is the whole earth, and the victory is human civilisation. Be not a cowardly soldier, my Enrico.4. What do we know about Enrico?A. He dislikes sports.B. He is good at self-reflection.C. He is unwilling to go to school.D. He feels ashamed of himself.5. Why does the father mention so many people in Paragraph 2?A. To support an argument.B. To present a fact.C. To make a prediction.D. To clarify a concept.6. Whats the fundamental tune of the text?A. Annoying.B. Worrying.C. Relaxing.D. Inspiring.7. What is the purpose of the text?A. To express a fathers complaints.B. To persuade Enrico to value his study.C. To stress the importance of education.D. To promote the parent-child relationship.CMedicine is notonly a human invention. Many other animals have been known to self-medicate with plants and minerals for infections and other conditions.Behavioral ecologist Helen Morrogh-Bernard has spent decades studying orangutans (猩猩) and says she has now found evidence they use plants in a medicinal way. Morrogh and her colleagues watched 10 orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normal diet) into a foamy lather (泡沫) and then rub it into their fur. The apes spent up to 45 minutes at a time massaging the mixture onto their upper arms or legs. The researchers believe this behavior is the first known example using a painkiller. Local people use the same plant, Dracaena cantleyi, to treat aches and pains. Morroghs co-authors studied its chemistry. They added extracts (汁) from the plant to human cells that had been grown in a dish and had been artificially stimulated to produce cytokines (细胞因子) that causes inflammation (炎症) and discomfort. The plant extract reduced the production of several types of cytokines, the scientists reported the finding in a study published last November in Scientific Reports. The results suggest that orangutans use the plant to reduce inflammation and treat pain. Such findings could help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful for human medications. In creatures such as insects the ability to self-medicate is almost certainly innate; woolly bear (灯蛾毛虫) infected with flies seek out and eat plant substances poisonous to the flies. But more complex animals may learn such tricks after an initial discovery by one member of their group. For example, an orangutan may have rubbed the plant on its skin to try to treat parasites (寄生虫) and realized that it also had a pleasant pain-killing effect. That behavior may then have been passed on to other orangutans. Because this type of self-medication is seen only in south-central Borneo, Morrogh says, it was probably learned locally.8. Why does orangutans chew Dracaena cantleyi?A. To self medicate.B. To have their normal diet.C. To scare other animals away.D. To pass on a message to other orangutans.9. How can the findings benefit human being?A. They can help vets treat pets.B. They can help scientists study orangutans.C They can help botanist learn more about plants. D. They can help people find new resources for human medication.10. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 6?A. naturalB. sociableC. obtainableD. professional11. What is the main idea of the text?A. Apes use plant extracts to treat pain.B. Humans and animals have a lot in common.C. A plant has been found useful for human medication.D. Morrogh-Bernard and her colleagues have been observing orangutans.DBlack taxis have been a common sight in London for decades. Now these taxis and their drivers have become the focus of a new exploration into Alzheimers (阿兹海默症). For those on the outside, it may seem that behind the wheel of these black taxis are just regular people who help move us to our destinations. But within their brains is a map of Londons streets that has put GPS technology to shame for decades.“The Knowledge”, the test for Londons taxi drivers, stands among the hardest mental examinations one could ever undergo. It involves recalling information repeatedly from the memory of minute details about 56,0000 streets in London, from Trafalgar Square to the tiniest residential lanes.Normally, the hippocampus (海马体) feels the effects of Alzheimers most. University College London and Alzheimers Research UK are studying these taxi drivers brains, as it has been found that the hippocampus controlling the brains short-term memory and spatial (空间的) memory systems is enlarged in their brains. Moreover, the taxi drivers hippocampi continue to enlarge as they go on doing the job for more years, suggesting that perhaps theres something we can do to reproduce the effect in the general population.Lead researcher Hugo Spiers was part of the team which 20 years ago found that, like birds and squirrels, the taxi drivers hippocampi gradually got bigger. Indeed, research has found for years that any animal that requires a detailed spatial knowledge of their territory experiences growth in the hippocampus.Spiers team hopes to deal with Alzheimers by studying the taxi drivers brains. To collect more information on the mechanisms (机制) that cause the “brain gain”, Spiers has asked thirty of Londons taxi drivers connected to an MRI machine to drive around on their routes. The machine will allow the researchers to gather real time observations of the workings of the hippocampus. “Its been a joy to help scientists fight with the disease,” said taxi driver Robert Lordan.12. What can we say about “The Knowledge”?A. It lasts for a few minutes only.B. It is usually held in Londons busy streets.C. It is a great challenge to peoples memory.D. It invites some residents in London to be judges.13. What has been found about the taxi drivers hippocampi?A. They are more likely to be harmed.B. They grow in the taxi drivers careers.C. They benefit from daily communication most.D. They are poor at controlling short-term memory.14. Why does the author mention the research on animals?A. To imply the new study benefits the animal kingdom as well.B. To point out that more studies on animals brains are needed.C. To show animals hippocampi are very different from humans.D. To prove the use of certain knowledge influences brain development.15. Why do the researchers observe the taxi drivers with an MRI machine?A. To figure out who has the largest hippocampus.B. To know how Alzheimers develops in their brains.C. To find out how their hippocampi perform at work.D. To test whether the special machine is effective.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Active listening is a way of communicating that can increase understanding between a speaker and a listener._16_ It shows respect and consideration for the person speaking. Active listening is very useful for family members. Family members often develop bad listening habits. They react to each other based on what they expect the other person to say rather than on what is actually said. _17_Active listening can also be useful in the workplace. Miscommunication or lack of understanding between co-workers can lead to hurt feelings, which in turn can make it difficult for people to work together. Active listening can solve such issues and create greater understanding and team spirit among co-workers. For example someone is unexpectedly rude to their co-worker, or seems inconsiderate of their needs. The co-worker might feel hurt, or they might become angry and begin to dislike that per