专题11 主动语态和被动语态课件.ppt

What is the Passive Voice?英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.WeloveXueda.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Xueda主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态islovedbyus当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态)When to use it?（1）当当我我们们不不知知道道谁谁是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，或或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）The dictionary is well kept.These book were found in the 1920s.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者强调动作的承受者;TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出行者难以说出或不必说出.如，如，AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.the Structure is助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P)一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were done现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are being done过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were being done现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been done一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must/have tobe doneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.在改写中应注意：1.把原原来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语主语;2.把动词变成“bebe+过去分词过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语主语变为介词byby的宾语宾语。典型题例典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。We clean our classroom every day.Our classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受即动作的承受者者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分即原句动词改为过去分词词made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is+过去分词过去分词1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Footballallovertheworld.Wethisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWalllongago.Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)wereused(byus)tomake一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto+be+过去分词过去分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiarynextclass.Abirthdayparty.willbewritten(byus)isgoingtoheldbyTom情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等等+be+过去分词过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.Ourhomework.mustbethrownaway(byyou)hastobefinished(byus)ontimeHe rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.We call the snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong.We usually hear him play in the next room.He is usually heard to play in the next room.2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought.“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports meeting is being held(by them)now.We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.We had received many letters by the end of last week.Many letters had been received by the end of last week.They would have a party the next day.A party would be had(by them)the next day.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3.We found the ticket on the floor.5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong1.必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()The children must be taken good care of.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()That pencil was given to me by himyesterday.()WRWRWR4.这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWRTheymadeshoesinthatfactory.Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory.Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory.带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see notice 一些特殊结构的被动结构一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词(hear,see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let,make等)改被动语态如动词为如动词为 make,see,hear,watch 等，后接等，后接宾语补足语为不带宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，不定式时，变被动变被动语态时要加上语态时要加上“to”。如：。如：I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.思 考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs14He makes her horse work allday.Herhorseallday.15.My father let me go out for apicnic.Ioutforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettogo口诀：口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch)helpsb(to)V-behelpedtoV.Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear/watch/.n n三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.n nMy mother bought me a new bike.n n=I was bought a new bike by my mother.n n=A new bike was bought for me by my mother.n nJack has given Tom a book.n n=A book has been given to Tom by Jack.n n=Tom has been given a book by Jack.带有带有双宾语双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是的被动结构是:（1）将间间接接宾宾语语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。（2）将直直接接宾宾语语(物物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book.buy,make,get,sing思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：10Wegavehimsomebooks.He.Somebooks.wasgivensomebooks(byus)weregiventohim(byus)注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或千万不要遗漏介词或副词。副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态take care of be taken care ofcut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked afterThey said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported/believed/hoped/supposed that.Wereport1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong,happen,take place,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,breakout,appear,last,start等。等。*Great changes have taken place in this city.*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have /fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。The book is sold out.这块表需要修理一下。这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.want知 识 运 用一、单项选择：一、单项选择：1.Onlythirty-eightideasbythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihuaat6:30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.（2006）A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD3Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreen two minutes to decidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB5.Mr.Johnsons story byeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatD二、请把下面句子改为被动语态二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.Jackcarefullyhowtouseit.2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.The29thOlympicGamesin2008.wasshowedwillbeheldbyBeijing3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.Theboy_at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwasseentoplaybasketballEnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.Ourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.shouldbemadetobecome练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。1.The computer club held a writing competition(竞赛）.2.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours.3.We took many photos.4.They use this room for playing table tennis.5.The bank built a park for them.A writing competition was held by the computer club.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours.Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them.中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook_often_fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）AarenttakeawayBtakenawayCisnttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）was told5.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_onthefarm（上海市中考题）TThey sent upwere planted are grown 一、选择正确答案：一、选择正确答案：1.Do you know what _?A.it calls B.does it call C.it is called D.is it called 2.My lost car _ yesterday.A.will be found B.was found C.has found D.found3.Who was the book _?A.written by B.will be write by C.has been written with D.can be written by 4.An English song _ on the radio yesterday.A.will teach B.was taught C.has taught D.can be teach CBAB二、用所给词的正确形式填空二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.All the questions_ correctly.2.More than two thirds of the earth _ with water.3.Our city Beijing.4.All the magazines _ to the school library last week.5.This new mechine(机器）_ by Mr.Black last year.6.All the words on the back of the card.is covered were returnedwas invented was answeredis calledare written5)Exercises:一.选择填空:1.Windows_ of glass.A.be made B.is made C.are made D.been made2.The house_ in 2004.A.is built B.is building C.was built D.used3.A coat can_ for keeping warm.A.be used B.is used C.been used D.usedCCA4.Watches_Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere_theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA 1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_well.(照顾)3._ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5.The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行)in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held用所给动词的正确形式填空：用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)The bike _(fix)up by Xiao Ming yesterday.2)Sunglasses _(use)for protecting peoples eyes.3)A picture _(put)up on the blackboard.4)French_(speak)in France.5)Teenagers should _(allow)to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1 He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week.2 The people make history.History is made by people.3 Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4 They didnt visit the city two years ago.The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5 Where did you make them?Where were they made by you?一用适当的形式填空1Historyis_bythepeople.(make)2Heisoften_todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3Thebook_byhimlastyear.(write)4Theradio_lastweek.(mend)5Sometrees_onthehillthisspring.(plant)6Anewsubway_(build)nextyear.7She_(take)tothehospitalalready.8Thousandsofsatellites_(send)upintothespacesofar.9Theysaidthey_(invite)tothepartyalready.10Thetrains_(produce)inZhuzhou.11Youngtreesshould_(water)often.madeaskedwaswrittenwasmendedhavebeenp