英语第二部分 语法攻略 六 介词及介词短语.ppt
2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册专题六专题六 介词及介词短语介词及介词短语【语法讲解】【语法讲解】1.介词的功能介词的功能 介介词词是是一一种种虚虚词词,用用来来表表示示名名词词或或相相当当于于名名词词的的其其它它词词语语句句中中其其它它词词的的关关系系,不不能能单单独独使使用用。介介词词可可与与名名词词或或相相当当于于名名词词的的其其它它词词构构成成介介词词短短语语。介介词词短短语语可可在在句句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如:中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如:The boy over there is Johns brother.(定语定语)The girl will be back in two hours.(状语状语)Our English teacher is from Australia.(表语表语)Help yourself to some fish.(宾语补足语宾语补足语)2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册2.2.常用介词的用法辨析常用介词的用法辨析(1 1)表时间的介词表时间的介词 at,in on表表示示时时间间点点用用atat。例例如如:at six oclock,clock,at at noon,noon,at at midnightmidnight。表表示示在在某某个个世世纪纪,某某年年,某某月月,某某个个季季节节以以及及早早晨晨,上上午午,下下午午,晚晚上上时时,用用in。例例如如:in the ninettenth century,in 2002,in may,in winter,in the morning,in the afternoon等等。表表示示具具体体的的某某一一天天和和某某一一天天的的上上午午,下下午午,晚晚上上时时,用用on。例例如如:on Monday,on July 1stst,on Sunday morning,on Sunday morning等。等。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册 since,after由由since和和after 引引导导的的词词组组都都可可表表示示从从过过去去某某一一点点开开始始的的时时段段,但但since词词组组表表示示的的时时段段一一直直延延续续到到说说话话的的时时刻刻,因因而而往往往往要要与与现现在在完完成成时时连连用用。而而after词词组组所所表表示示的的时时段段纯纯系系过过去去,因因而而要要与与一一般般过过去去时时连连用用。例例如:如:I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册 in,afterin与与将将来来时时态态连连用用时时,表表示示“过过多多长长时时间间以以后后”的的意意思思,后后面面跟跟表表示示一一段段时时间间的的词词语语。After与与将将来来时时态态连连用用时时,后后面面只只能能跟跟表表示示时时间间点点的的词词语语。After与与过过去去时时态态连连用用时时,后后面面才才能能跟跟表表示示一一段段时时间的词语。例如:间的词语。例如:He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册(2 2)表示地点的介词)表示地点的介词 at,in,on atat一一般般指指小小地地方方;in一一般般指指大大地地方方或或某某个个范范围围之之内;内;on往往表示往往表示“在某个物体的表面在某个物体的表面”。例如:。例如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册 over,above,onover,above,on over,over,onon和和above都都可可表表示示“在在上上面面”,但但具具体体含含义义不不同同。Over表表示示位位置置高高于于某某物物,在在某某物物的的正正上上方方,其其反反义义词词是是under。above也也表表示示位位置置高高于于某某物物,但但不不一一定定在在正正上上方方,其其反反义义词词是是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:There is a bridge over the river.There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds.We flew above the clouds.They They put put some some flowers flowers on on the the teacherteachers s desk.desk.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册 across,through across和和through均均可可表表示示“从从这这一一边边到到另另一一边边”,但但用用法法不不同同。Across的的含含义义与与on有有关关,表表示示动动作作在在某某一一物物体体的的表表面面进进行行。Throgh的的含含义义与与in有有关关,表表示示动动作是在三维空间进行。例如:作是在三维空间进行。例如:The dog ran across the grass.The boy swam across the river.They walked through the forest.I pushed through the crowds.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册3.介词的固定搭配介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。(1)介词与动词的搭配)介词与动词的搭配listen to,laugh at,get to,look for wait for,hear from,turn on,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spendon,等。等。(2)介词与名词的搭配)介词与名词的搭配on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,on ones way to,in trouble,at breakfast,at the end of,in the end等。等。(3)介词与形容词的搭配)介词与形容词的搭配be late for,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be angry with,be full of,be sorry for等。等。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册典型例题典型例题1:When will Mr Black come to Beijing?_ September 5.A.On B.To C.At D.In 解解析析:A。表表示示时时间间的的介介词词的的用用法法。表表示示某某一一天天用用介词介词on。典型例题典型例题2:The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show.A.by B.in C.to D.on解解析析:C。该该题题考考查查的的是是介介词词和和动动词词的的固固定定搭搭配配。lose表示输给谁的表示输给谁的 时候用介词时候用介词to。应选。应选C。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册【2014-2016 本土真题】本土真题】()1.(2015云云南南)The Third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming _June 12th to June 16th.A.on B.in C.at D.from()2.(2014 云云南南)Excuse me.Could you tell me the way the nearest supermarket?Go down the street and turn left.Then youll see it.A.to B.of C.in D.atD A 2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册()3.(2013 云云南南)The 20th World Cup will be held in Brazil June 12 _July 13,2014.A.in;to B.in;to C.at;from D.from;to()4.(2016 昆昆明明)Shanghai Disneyland opened _ June 16th,2016.We are thirsty to go.A.in B.on C.at D.ofDB20172017云南省初中学业水平考试云南省初中学业水平考试 复习复习指导指导手册手册()5.(2015昆明昆明)Ladies and gentlemen,welcome China-South Asia EXPO.A.on B.in C.at D.to()6(2016曲靖曲靖)What do you think of your teacher?He is perfect and plays an important role helping us in our school life A.on B.up C.in D.withD C20172017云南省初中学业水平考试云南省初中学业水平考试 复习复习指导指导手册手册()7.(2015曲靖曲靖)You have to put the past you before you can move on.A.in front of B.near C.behind D.between()8.(2014 曲靖)曲靖)our surprise,MH370 has not been found since it was lost on March 8,2014.A.With B.In C.To D.ByCC