英语第二部分 语法攻略 七 形容词和副词.ppt
2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册专题七专题七 形容词和副词形容词和副词【语法讲解】【语法讲解】一、形容词的用法一、形容词的用法 1.形容词在句中作定语形容词在句中作定语,表语表语,宾语补足语。宾语补足语。例如:例如:Our country is a beautiful country.(作定语)(作定语)The fish went bad.(作表语)(作表语)We keep our classroom clean and tidy.(作作宾宾语语补足语)补足语)2.形形 容容 词词 修修 饰饰 something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。形容词放在名词后面。I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in the film.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册 3.用用 and 或或 or 连连接接起起来来的的两两个个形形容容词词作作定定语语时时一一般般把它们放在被修把它们放在被修 饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。Everybody,man and woman,old and young,should attend the meeting.You can take any box away,big or small.4.the形容词表示一类人或物形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.二、副词的用法二、副词的用法1.副词在句中可作状语副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。表语和定语。He studies very hard.(作状语)(作状语)Life here is full of joy.(作定语)(作定语)When will you be back?(作表语(作表语2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册2.副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:(1)时间副词)时间副词 时时间间副副词词通通常常用用来来表表示示动动作作的的时时间间。常常见见的的时时间间副副词词有有:now today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。等。(2)地点副词)地点副词 地地点点副副词词通通常常用用来来表表示示动动作作发发生生的的地地点点。常常见见的的地地点点副副词词有有:here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。等。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册(3 3)方式副词)方式副词 方方式式副副词词一一般般都都是是回回答答“怎怎样样的的?”这这类类问问题题的的,其其中中绝绝大大部部分分都都是是由由一一个个形形容容词词加加词词尾尾-ly构构成成的的,有有少少数数方方式式副副词词不不带带词词尾尾-ly,它它们们与与形形容容词词同同形形。常常见见的的方方式式副副词词有有:anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。等。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册(4 4)程度副词)程度副词 程程度度副副词词多多数数用用来来修修饰饰形形容容词词和和副副词词,有有少少数数用用来来修修饰饰动动词词或或介介词词短短语语。常常见见的的程程度度副副词词有有:much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。等。(5)疑问副词)疑问副词 疑疑问问副副词词是是用用来来引引导导特特殊殊疑疑问问句句的的副副词词。常常见见的疑问副词有:的疑问副词有:how,when,where,why等。等。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册2.副词在句中的位置副词在句中的位置(1)多多数数副副词词作作状状语语时时放放在在动动词词之之后后。如如果果动动词词带带有宾语,则放在有宾语,则放在 宾语之后。例如:宾语之后。例如:Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.(2)频频度度副副词词作作状状语语时时,通通常常放放在在行行为为动动词词之之前前,情态动词,助动情态动词,助动 词和词和be动词之后。例如:动词之后。例如:He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册(3)程程度度副副词词一一般般放放在在所所修修饰饰的的形形容容词词和和副副词词的的前前面面,但但enough作作 副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如:副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如:It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.(4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:On my way home,I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册3.部分常用副词的用法部分常用副词的用法(1)very,much这这两两个个副副词词都都可可表表示示“很很”,但但用用法法不不同同。Very用用来来修修饰饰形形容容词词和和副副词词的的原原级级,而而much用用来来修修饰饰形形容容词词和和副副词的比较级。例如:词的比较级。例如:She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词,而可以修饰动词,而very则不能。例如:则不能。例如:I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册(2)too,either 这这两两个个副副词词都都表表示示“也也”,但但too用用于于肯肯定定句句,either用于否定句。例如:用于否定句。例如:She can dance,and I can dance,too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.(3)already,yet already一一般般用用于于语语肯肯定定句句,yet一一般般用用于于否否定定句句。例如:例如:He has already left.He hasnt answered yet.(4)so,neither so和和neither都都可可用用于于倒倒装装句句,但但so表表示示肯肯定定,neither表示否定。表示否定。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册4.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1)两两个个人人或或事事物物的的比比较较时时(不不一一定定每每一一方方只只有有一一个个人人或或一一个个事物),事物),用比较级。用比较级。Our teacher is taller than we are.The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2)most 同形容词连用而不用同形容词连用而不用 the,表示表示 极极,很很,非常非常,十分十分。Its most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。在这儿太危险。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册 (3)The+形形容容词词比比较较级级.,the+形形容容词词比比较较级级.表表示示 越越.就越就越.。The more you study,the more you know.(4)形形容容词词比比较较级级+and+形形容容词词比比较较级级,表表示示 越来越越来越.。Its getting hotter and hotter.(5)主主语语+谓谓语语(系系动动词词)+as+形形容容词词原原形形+as+从从句句。表表示两者对比相同。示两者对比相同。This box is as big as mine.(6)the+形容词形容词 表示某种人。表示某种人。He always helps the poor.(7)形形容容词词和和副副词词最最高高级级用用于于三三个个或或三三个个以以上上的的人人和和物进行比较。物进行比较。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册典型例题典型例题1:Which is _,the sun,the moon or the earth?Of course the moon is.A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest 解解析析:题题考考查查的的是是形形容容词词的的比比较较等等级级的的用用法法。因因为为是是太太阳阳,地球和地球和 月月亮亮三三者者进进行行比比较较,选选用用形形容容词词的的最最高高级级,而而且且最最高高级级之前之前 要加定冠词要加定冠词the。所以选。所以选D。答案:答案:D。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册典型例典型例题题2:He has made _ progress this term than before.A.little B.less C.fewer D.much解解析析:该该题题考考查查的的是是形形容容词词比比较较等等级级的的用用法法。因因为为是是现现在在和和过过去进行去进行 比比较较,所所以以要要用用比比较较级级,又又因因为为是是修修饰饰不不可可数数名名词词,只能用只能用 less,而不能用而不能用fewer。答案:答案:B B。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册典型例典型例题题3:What delicious cakes!They would taste _ with butter.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse 解解析析:该该题题考考查查的的是是形形容容词词的的比比较较等等级级。答答话话人人的的意意思思应应该该是是“如果加如果加 上上点点黄黄油油,这这些些蛋蛋糕糕会会更更好好吃吃。”这这里里就就有有一一种种比比较较:加加黄油和黄油和 不不加加黄黄油油。既既然然是是比比较较,就就要要用用比比较较级级。因因为为这这里里讲讲的的是是好吃和好吃和 更好吃,所以更好吃,所以C,D要舍去,而选要舍去,而选better。答案:答案:B B。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册典型例典型例题题4:Bob never does his homework Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful as B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as 解解析析:该该题题考考查查的的是是形形容容词词和和副副词词的的用用法法区区别别。因因为为该该词词修修饰饰的的是是动作动作 “做做家家庭庭作作业业”,所所以以要要用用副副词词。又又因因为为表表示示一一方方不不如如另另一一方方要用句要用句 型型“not as+副词原级副词原级+as”,所以只能选,所以只能选B。答案:答案:B。2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册【2014-2016 本土真题】本土真题】()1.(2016云南)云南)Tim,how is it going with you?.Im having fun.A.Terrible B.Boring C.Very tiring D.Pretty good()2.(2016云云南南)_ will the 2016 Summer Olympic Games be held in Brazil?In August.A.When B.HowC.Why D.Where DA2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册()3.(2016云云南南)The kids learn to be independent,the it is for their future.A.early;good B.early;better C.earlier;better D.earlier;good()4.(2015云南)云南)do you study for a test?I study by working with my classmates.A.How B.Why C.What D.WhereCA2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册()5.(2015云云南南)You shouldnt eat too much junk food.Its bad for your health.Youre right._ junk food I eat,_ I will be.A.The less;the healthier B.The less;the healthy C.The more;the healthier D.The more;the healthy()6.(2014云云南南)Keep on.Dont stop.The you climb,the you will see.A.highest;farthest B.highly;farther C.high;far D.higher;fartherAD2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册()7.(2016昆昆明明)In order to have more tourists to Yunnan,we need to come up with more ideas.A.awful B.meaningless C.creative D.embarrassing()8.(2015昆昆明明)We may move to another planet in the future with the population increasing.I think so.We will have no other choices if it gets a lot _.A.large B.many C.more D.biggerCD2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册()9.(2015昆昆明明)The best thing in life are _,such as the clean air and sunshine we have in Yunnan.A.free B.old C.expensive D.new()10.(2014昆昆明明)Its smoggy these days.Thats terrible!Yes,I hope to plant trees._ trees,_air pollution.A.The more;the fewer B.the less;the more C.The less;the fewer D.The more;the less AD 2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册()11.(2016曲曲靖靖)Linda is a top student,but she didnt even finish her homework.Really?A.How far B.How soon C.How manyD.How come()12.(2016曲曲靖靖)What can we do for our environment?I think we should plant trees to have a healthier life.A.fewer B.much C.most D.moreDD