英语第二部分 题型突破 12 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解题.ppt

题型专题突破第二部分第二部分专题十二阅读理解专题十二阅读理解20172017考纲精解考纲精解年份类别201620152014考情分析全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷考点细节理解题988911791.各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳，以事实细节类和推理判断类为主。主旨大意题1110111推理判断题4545253词义猜测题1121122年份类别201620152014考情分析全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷体裁记叙文22121012.题材仍然体现了来源于实际生活、紧贴时代、反映英美文化等特点。从体裁看，文章分别属于记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。3.语篇结构复杂化，句子长度、难度有所增加。行文具有跳跃性，隐含信息较多。议论文1000111说明文1121121应用文0111111一、阅读理解的解题技巧1通篇略读，了解全文大意对全文通篇速读，舍弃无关紧要的细节，做到“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”，全力捕捉全文中心思想。2细读全文，注重关键词句针对题目中的问题细读材料，可以缩小阅读范围，迅速找到与问题有关的信息，细读与题目相关联的词、句、段，对关键部分要透彻理解，仔细推敲。名师点拨3透过表层，深入开拓，正确解题在理解原文的基础上对未知含义进行演绎、推断，并利用文章中出现的各种信息及文章所论述的观点、论据、作者的态度或评论等内容来进行综合性的概括，从而达到准确理解文章内涵的目的。二、阅读理解的解题方法1文章问题文章(PQP)法第一步：用半分钟左右了解文章涉及的大概内容。具体方法：参看首尾段、首句、文中的中文注释等。第二步：读问题，画出其中的关键词。第三步：带着问题读文章。细细品味与问题相关的信息，其他部分一扫而过。这样做既有利于把握文章主旨和作者意图，又能提高准确率并节省时间。2问题文章问题(QPQ)法针对广告、海报、新闻等应用文，采用此法更有效。即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，找答案。其特点是针对性强并节省时间，此法比较适用于解答事实细节性的问题。3略读法略读法是快速阅读中的一种方法。(1)略读的关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读。主要目的是获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。(2)利用略读法做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，因为文章的第一段往往点明文章的主题或中心思想，或作者的意图，而文章的最后一段常常总结或重述文章的主要内容。(3)要学会寻找文章段落的主题句。这是高效省时抓段落大意的一条捷径。同时也是准确理解全文大意的有效途径，因为把整篇文章的每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想。(4)另外，文章的主题句有时可能会出现在段落中间或结尾，必须运用略读法快速准确地找到它。4查阅法在进行略读、了解文章大意后，比较简单的试题往往能立即解决。但还是有一些综合性较强、结构较复杂的试题如果只看一遍很难对问题把握得准，需要对文章里面的细节、结构、生词的含义进行认真分析、推敲，才能选出其正确答案。这时若通读全文就会耽误时间。我们就可利用在略读过程中所画出的相关词句甚至段落进行复读、研究，从而选准答案。5研读法“研读”就是仔细地阅读，以求获得具体的信息，对文章有深层次的理解。研读主要是指围绕文章后面的问题进行细读，包括理解支持主题句的细节，根据作者的意图和中心思想进行推论，借助语法知识对涉及问题的难句、长句进行分析，力争达到准确地理解，根据上下文猜测词义等。第第1讲细节理解题讲细节理解题细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题及语义转化题。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键。1题型特点细节理解题是针对文章细节而精心设计的，目的在于测试考生对阅读材料中具体内容的理解能力。在近几年高考试题中所占比重较大，而且考查难度有所增加。细节包括描写性细节、说明性细节、比较和对比性细节。名师点拨2常见设问方式Which of the following statements is true/false?Which of the following statements is(not)mentioned?All of the following statements are true/false except _？Choose the right order of the events.The author/passage states that _.According to the passage,when/why/where/how/who/which etc._？3解题策略(1)细心审题，定位原文，直接根据问题从文中找答案。将注意力集中在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读直到找到细节出处，仔细核对比较内容，确定答案。(2)按文章体裁，作者写作的模式及有关的信息词，如：for example，first，second等来寻找自己所需要的信息。(3)排除干扰，突出主题。细节理解题设计的干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。(4)注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提到的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。(5)变通理解，多方归纳，全面捕捉信息，最后确定答案。细节理解题有时考查的不是单一信息，而是多处信息的整合。考生一定要综合分析，多方归纳，确定答案。(2016全国卷A)Whats On?Electric Underground 730pm1.00amFree at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know whos playing in your area?Were bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?if so,come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye,a successful record producer.Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.典题在线Gee Whizz830pm10.30pmComedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform.Hes the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh!Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐)Simons Workshop500pm7.30pmWednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a Rood chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy,and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of reaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone800pm11.00pmPizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music;this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bestselling CD,with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian,with excellent meat and fresh fish,pizzas and pasta(面食).Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day,and serves cocktails,coffee,beer,and white wine.1Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?AJules Skye.BGee WhizzCCharlotte Stone.DJames Pickering.2At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?AThe Cyclops Theatre.BKaleidoscope.CVictoria Stage.DPizza World.3What do we know about Simons Workshop?AIt requires membership status.BIt lasts three hours each time.CIt is run by a comedy club.DIt is held every Wednesday.4When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A5.00pm7.30pm.B7.30pm1.00am.C8.00pm11.00pm.D8.30pm10.30pm.【语篇导读】本文是一篇由四则广告组成的应用文。分别介绍了一个讲座、一个喜剧演员的演出、一个喜剧演员的工作室以及一个有爵士乐和美食的好去处。1【解析】细节理解题。从题干的have your music produced判断本题的答案出处在第一则广告，该广告说，“你是否有兴趣成为音乐人，得到录制唱片的合同？”然后说晚上7点半有Jules Skye的报告，因此选A项Jules Skye。根据本广告最后一句也可得出答案。【答案】A2【解析】细节理解题。带着题干的“不同年龄的人欢笑”这个信息，我们去这几则广告中寻找相关信息。答案在第二则广告里，该广告说，Gee Whizz是最滑稽的单口喜剧演员(standup comedian)，他的表演能够让所有人快乐，下至孩童上到老人(from the youngest to the oldest)。表演的地点是Kaleidoscope，因此选B项。【答案】B3【解析】细节理解题。本题涉及第三则广告的相关信息。从5.00 pm7.30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage可以判断，该活动每个星期三举办，故D项正确。每次两个半小时，排除B项；文章没有提到需要有会员资格，排除A项；也没有提到喜剧俱乐部，排除C项。【答案】D4【解析】细节理解题。从题干可知解本题的信息来自最后一则广告，该广告开头就交代了时间：晚上8点到11点，因此选C项。【答案】C(2015全国卷B)The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C),thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air,I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not 4 in the afternoon)filled the weekend,but the best partparticularly to my taste,dulled by months of coldweather root vegetableswas a 7 am.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am.to 1 pm.,rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries;the redpainted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck;and most of all,the tomatoes：amazing,large,soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken,vineripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard，and tasteless.But I homed in,with uncertainty,on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand,full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real dealand at that moment,I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu,I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.1What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?AHaving a swim.BBreathing in fresh air.CWalking in the morning sun.DVisiting a local farmers market.2What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?AThey are soft.BThey look nice.CThey taste great.DThey are juicy.3What was the author going to do that evening?AGo to a farm.BCheck into a hotel.CEat in a restaurant.DBuy fresh vegetables.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲的是作者在冬天离开寒冷的纽约到佛罗里达州的萨拉索塔度假的经历。主题是关于气候和饮食。1【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键信息词worthwhile可以定位到文章第一段最后一句。由a 7 am.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.可知，作者认为早上7点去农贸市场是很值得做的事情。【答案】D2【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless.可知，在冬季，纽约的西红柿只是外表吸引人，买回家之后才发现它们又干又硬，而且无味。A、C、D三项与作者所描述的纽约冬季出售的西红柿的现实情况不相符，故排除。【答案】B3【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键信息词that evening可定位到文章最后一段第一句a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.，句中的that very night是关键信息词。由此可知，作者晚上要在餐馆吃饭。故C项正确。【答案】C专题对点特训专题对点特训细节理解题细节理解题(一一)专题对点特训专题对点特训细节理解题细节理解题(二二)