英语第二部分 题型突破 12 阅读理解 第4讲 词义猜测题.ppt
题型专题突破第二部分第二部分专题十二阅读理解专题十二阅读理解第第4讲词义猜测题讲词义猜测题词义猜测题是利用上下文语境推测判断某些单词或词组的词义。猜词是应用英语语言的重要能力，也是高考常考查的题型。考生要通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识以及上下文等线索来猜测词语的含义。1题型特点(1)考查考生运用构词法和句法的技能。(2)在特定语境中的特定含义，往往需通过上下文来理解。名师点拨2常见的设问方式What does the word“”refer to?The word“”is closest in meaning to _.The underlined word“”in the first/secondparagraph probably means _.By“”，the author means/refers to _.The word“it/them”in the first/secondparagraph refers to _.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“”？Unlike her gregarious sister，Jane is a shy，unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.分析：此句是把Jane与她姐姐对比。Jane生性腼腆，不爱交际，而她姐姐却与之相反，那就是“爱交际的”了，这也就猜出gregarious的词义了。(2015全国卷C)Salvador Dali(19041989)was one of the most popular modern artists.The Pompidou Center in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.典题在线The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限)“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheater in Figueras，”explains the Pompidou Center.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.1What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?AArtworks.BProjects.CDonations.DDocuments.【语篇导读】本文介绍了巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心正在展览最受欢迎的现代艺术家之一萨尔瓦多达利的艺术作品，并对此次展览的作品、展览的形式、展品的来源等进行了介绍。1【解析】词义猜测题。最后一段提到该展览中的主要作品是通过与不同机构组织的合作而精选(the fine selection of the major works)出的，又点明contributions来自其他机构，所以可推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴。故选A项。【答案】APassenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers has already become smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood,which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.2The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons _.Aescape BruinCliberationDevolution【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国的旅鸽的数量曾经多到飞行时能够遮天蔽日，后来人类的滥捕滥杀和对它们栖息地的破坏导致了它们的数量锐减。虽然后来通过立法对其进行保护，但是野外已经很难看到旅鸽的身影了。2【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，由于当时人们认为旅鸽数量很多，可以源源不断地供应，因此成千上万的旅鸽被捕杀。由此可以推断第三段第一句句意：正是旅鸽的数量巨大导致了它们种群的灭亡。escape意为“逃跑”；ruin意为“毁灭”；liberation意为“解放”；evolution意为“进化”。故选B项。【答案】B专题对点特训专题对点特训词义猜测题词义猜测题(一一)专题对点特训专题对点特训词义猜测题词义猜测题(二二)
