英语 Unit 3 A taste of English Section 2 Learning about Language 新人教版必修4.ppt

A taste of English humourUnit 3 Section Learning about Language栏目导航课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展课后限时作业课后限时作业课末随堂演练课末随堂演练v.ing形式的用法形式的用法一、v.ing形式作表语v.ing形式作表语有两种不同的含义：1.说明主语的内容。说明主语的内容。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.真正的问题是了解学生的需要。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展考点语法细解2.说明主语具有的特征。说明主语具有的特征。The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.看到了世界上其他地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。【温馨提示】v.ing形式与动词不定式作主语、表语或宾语的区别：一般说来，v.ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止吸烟。(泛指)Its not good for you to smoke so much.吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。(具体)They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.天冷时他们喜欢待在室内。(泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?今晚你想待在家里吗？(具体)二、v.ing形式作定语1.单个的单个的v.ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room=a room for reading 阅览室running shoes=shoes for running 跑鞋a working method=a method of working 工作方法a sewing machine 缝纫机a swimming pool 游泳池a drawing board 画板 a dining car 餐车a driving permit 驾驶许可证a walking stick 手杖a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a waiting room 候车室(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近于一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries=countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinarylooking house=a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles somebody一个令人困惑的问题The working people are masters of our country.劳动人民是我们国家的主人。Let sleeping dogs lie.不要惹麻烦。a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧an astonishing adventure惊人的冒险boiling water正在沸腾的水a sleeping baby熟睡的婴儿a barking dog狂吠的狗the setting sun落日the coming week下一周failing sight逐渐衰退的视力2.作定语的作定语的ing形式如果是一个短语，则应形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。放在被修饰词的后面。The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。They lived in a house facing south.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。The book being discussed a lot will be published next month.人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。3.有些情况下，有些情况下，v.ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。从句。(1)作定语的ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生，则需使用定语从句。【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。(2)ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要修建了。三、v.ing形式作宾语补足语1.v.ing形式可以在形式可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,look at,listen to,observe,find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。We heard the children shouting upstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。I felt my heart beating violently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。2.v.ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后，既可用v.ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用v.ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不带to的不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。He saw a girl getting on the car.他看见一个女孩儿在上汽车。(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off.他看见一个女孩儿上车开走了。(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door？你听见有人在敲门吗？(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door?你听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用v.ing形式。I saw him enter the room,sit down and light a cigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。3.v.ing形式也可用在形式也可用在have,get,leave,keep,set,catch等表示等表示“致使致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。的动词后作宾语补足语。They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.他们应该让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火烧了一晚上。课末随堂演练课末随堂演练课后限时作业课后限时作业