黄金卷05-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）含解析.docx

【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）黄金卷05（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区校考期中）I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn to myself. And unless otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always chose to sit at the back of the classroom.All this 1 after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy 2 because I didnt have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “ 3 for it”, I wouldnt have decided to give a try.Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the half of it! When I first started 4 the practice sessions, I didnt even know the rules of the game, much worse what I was doing. Sometimes Id get 5 and take a shot at the wrong direction, which made me feel really stupid. 6 I wasnt the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to focus on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didnt 7 “just yet”.I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the rules and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive 8 in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the process-friends who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun!With my improved self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “ 9 ” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, to raising my handeven when I sometimes wasnt and not 100 percent 10 I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.1AcontinuedBchangedCsettledDstarted2AideaBplanCbeliefDsaying3AgoingBlookingCcheeringDapplying4AenjoyingBpreparingCattendingDwatching5AcommittedBmotivatedCembarrassedDconfused6AInterestinglyBFortunatelyCObviouslyDHopefully7AwantBdoCsupportDknow8ArolesBpartCmindDvalue9AdreamingBplayingCrelaxingDhiding10AluckyBhappyCsureDsatisfied第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）A阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）In my early years at school, I had trouble with some subjects. Sometimes I would get an “F” and that would make me 11 (real) scared. What I used to do was turn the “F” into a “B” 12 (please) my parents. However, it didnt work out and finally I was caught doing that. Then I knew I had to accept that failure and learn from it, so I 13 (take) a positive approach. Naturally that “F” turned into a “B” and that “B” turned into an “A”.B阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。（2023上·北京·高三北京八中校考期中）Nearly two decades 14 (pass) since China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), 15 (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging 16 (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites 17 (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.B阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）In Ming Dynasty, a clever craftsman named Zhang Sijia revolutionized scissors. He 18 (combine) the strength of iron for the handles with a unique sword-making technique. 19 heating and hammering the edges with steel, he created blades that were exceptionally strong and sharp, 20 (make) daily tasks easier. These scissors became a kitchen essential, especially for cutting through tough items like chicken or fish. In 1628, his son, Zhang Xiaoquan, established his namesake company.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）A hearing aid is a small electronic device you wear in or behind your ear to make sounds louder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a microphone, an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sound through a microphone, which changes the sound waves to electrical signals and sends them to an amplifier. The amplifier increases the power of the signals and sends them to the ear through a speaker. There are three styles of hearing aids.·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by people of all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and open-fit aids fit behind the ear completely, with a narrow tube into the ear canal, enabling the canal to remain open. Thus, some people prefer it because their own voice does not sound “plugged up”.·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit completely inside the outer ear. Some ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecoil that allows users to receive sound through the circuitry of the hearing aid, rather than through its microphone.Canal aids fit into the ear canal and are available in two styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made to fit the size and shape of the ear canal. Completely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on your hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is also a key consideration. However, just because one hearing aid is more expensive than another does not necessarily mean that it will better suit your needs. Other features to consider include parts or services covered by the guarantee, estimated costs for repair, and the hearing aid companys reputation for quality and service.For more information, contact: nidcdinfonidcd.nih.gov .21What helps strengthen the power of electrical signals in a hearing aid?AThe microphone.BThe amplifier.CThe speaker.DThe telecoil.22If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal open, you can choose_ .A“Mini” BTEBIn-the-ear aidsCIn-the-canal aidsDCompletely-in-canal aids23To buy a suitable hearing aid, you should_ .Aincrease your estimated costsBfind the one with more featuresCgive in to the after-sale servicesDconsider your needs and lifestyleB（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）I was born missing my left arm. In 1986, at 18 months, I was fitted with a prosthetic (义肢) device, a decision made by my parents and doctors so that I would develop “normally”.I spent my entire childhood and adolescence trying to fit in. I did just about anything to ease the pains of the stares and pointing fingers from my classmates. By the time I was 8, I had no self-confidence, and the hand I was wearing was making it harder for me to fit in. So I decided I was better off without one. I didnt need anyone to fix me.To prove that I wasnt limited by my disability, I developed a love for all sports, in particular swimming. I was selected to my first Australian womens swimming team at age 13 and successfully represented my country for eight years. I realized Id made a name for myself because of my disability.I taught myself how to be comfortable in a society filled with insecurities. So when I was first contacted in 2021 by Covvi, a company trying to create the worlds most advanced bionic (仿生的) hand, I was a bit surprised. They asked me to trial the hand and, if possible, to become a patient advocate. Initially, I said no. Then, curiosity got the better of me.While I was busy advocating for disability rights, a new generation of leaders, like Amy Purdy and Nick Vujicic, used the power of technology and social media to display wheelchairs or artificial limbs without explanation. People feared disability less. Society was beginning to see a person first, and their disability second.Viewing disability through a social lens also meant acknowledging that a person is more disabled by their environment and the discrimination of others than by their actual disability. As those conversations shifted, I realized that there was an opportunity to use technology to steer the narrative for future generations. In July 2022, I decided to trial the hand.The role of patient advocate is an enormous privilege. Through sharing my journey, Im able to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. Thats why I wear a bionic handnot because Im broken, but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist.24The author developed a love for all sports because _.Ashe was longing for fameBsports gave her self-confidenceCshe wanted to defeat her disabilityDher prosthetic device empowered her25From Purdy and Vujicic, the author learned _.Amore people acknowledged their limitsBthe disabled needed a friendlier environmentCsocial media allowed the disabled opportunitiesDtechnology shifted peoples attitudes to disability26Which of the following words can best describe the author?AIntelligent and brave.BWarm-hearted and patient.CResponsible and strong-willed.DIndependent and innovative.27From the passage, we learn that one should _.Amaximize ones abilities by embracing realityBbuild ones social circle with optimismCstick to ones goal to achieve successDtake it easy in difficult situationsC（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）“Flying insects dont fly directly to lights from far away because theyre attracted to them, but appear to change course toward a light if they happen to be passing by due to a strange inborn biological response,” writes Samuel Fabian, a bioengineer, in a research paper. Until now, the leading scientific hypothesis has been that insects use the moons light to direct the way at night and mistake artificial lights for the moon. But this idea doesnt explain why insects that only fly during the day also gather around lights. To find out what really happens, Samuels team track the precise movements of insects in the wild around lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed two notable behaviours. First, when insects fly above lights, they often invert (转向) themselves and try to fly upside down, causing them to fall very fast. Just after insects pass under a light, they start doing a ring road. As their climb angle becomes too steep, they suddenly stop and start to fall. Second, when insects approach a light from the side, they may circle or “orbit” the light. The videos show that the inversions sometimes result in insects falling on lights. It can appear to the naked eye as though they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight perpendicular(垂直) to the source,” the team write. It is common to the two behaviours that the insects are keeping their backs to the light, known as the dorsal light response (DLR). This DLR is a shortcut for insects to work out which way is up and keep their bodies upright, as the moon or sun is usually more or less directly above them, and this direction allows them to maintain proper flight attitude and control. They also find that the insects fly at right angles to a light source, leading to orbiting and unstable flights as the lights location relative to them changes as they move. Samuels team suggest that a possible outcome of the research could help the construction industry to avoid the types of light that most attract insects.28What does the research focus on?AWhy insects gather around lights.BWhere artificial lights lead insects to.CWhat biological response insects are born with.DHow to design environment friendly artificial lights.29What can we learn about insects from the videos of their movements?AThey fly directly to lights.BThey circle close to lights.CTheir flying speed is steady.DTheir inversions can be controlled.30DLR makes insects _.Abalance their flyingBkeep their route straightCdecide their body positonDshorten their flight distanceD（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）In the 1770s, an English doctor called Edward Jenner gave his gardeners son cowpox (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpox (天花) to test his assumption that people who were frequently exposed to cowpox, a similar but less severe virus, would avoid catching smallpox. It worked and cowpox as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccination”, from the Latin word for cow, soon became commonplace.Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from natural infections, we intentionally expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or treatment. Things have changed a lot since Jenners time, of course, when it was not uncommon for doctors to conduct this kind of research. Even so, theres the continuous sense that theres something immoral about making someone ill on purpose.But this shouldnt blind us to the extraordinary power of challenge trials. They could become increasingly important weapons in the medical research, in a situation where vaccine technology is advancing and the threat of diseases jumping from animals into human beings is increasing.Much has been done to reduce the risks of challenge trials. Like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), researchers have involved adults who are at a low risk of severe illness. These acts have already cut down a massive range of vaccine candidates. With their help, the world will soon have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens of thousands of newborn babies each year. But not all diseases are like these ones. We dont always know the dangers volunteers might face; we dont always have treatments ready. What then?We could, of course, just avoid these questions entirely, and rely on other types of research.But that doesnt always work: sometimes, animal testing is tricky and uninformative, because the disease doesnt develop in the same way as it would in humans. In contrast, challenge trials can be deeply informative within weeks, with far fewer volunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end of last year, as the number of deaths is estimated to have reached about 17.8 million, its also estimated that 20 million had been saved by vaccines.In the years to come, they will hopefully save millions more.In order to make sure we are as protected as possible from current and future threats, we should try to get rid of the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a more familiar par