2024英语寒假作业·高三年级 第2周第5天（外刊精读）.docx

2024英语寒假作业·高三年级第2周 第5天【外刊精读】原文If you speak more than one language, you may have had the experiences of them mingling in your sleep. But how and why do our brains come up with these multilingual dreams and could they have an impact on our real-life language skills?To understand the link between sleep and language, lets start with just one language: your own. You may think you mastered your native language long ago, but you are actually still constantly updating it. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their mother tongue.Its during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge happens. During the day, our hippocampus, which specialises in absorbing information quickly, soaks up new words. At night, it passes the new information on to other parts of the brain, where it can be stored and connected to other relevant information.What we do know is that aside from processing daytime information, our brain can also learn new words while asleep.Matthieu Koroma, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Liège in Belgium, who specialises in sleep and cognition, co-authored a number of studies that add to this nuanced picture of how and when we engage with language in our sleep.“Basically, the message is that you are able to learn words in other languages during sleep, even new languages you never heard before, but you do it in a very different way than when you are awake,” he says.Does all this mean we can effortlessly learn a language in our sleep, as long as we play a language lesson all night long?Not necessarily. It might actually backfire, by disturbing your rest, Koroma says. He also points out that in the study, participants learned the words much faster when they were awake than when they were asleep: “Its way more efficient when youre awake.”“Wakefulness is good for learning, and sleep is more to replay, not for new language acquisition,” Koroma says. “Its an interactive process, its complementary, meaning that you learn during the day, and during sleep you sort through this information, consolidate some of your memories, and try to put it in new contexts.”“The best way to do it is probably to learn a new language before going to sleep, and then play some of the words you just heard, while being asleep,” says Koroma. “Here the results are mostly that if you play them quietly enough, it will boost your learning abilities. But if you play it too loudly, it will actually lower you learning ability. So there is some fine-tuning.”（节选自BBC）文本精读If you speak more than one language, you may have had the experiences of them mingling in your sleep. But how and why do our brains come up with these multilingual dreams and could they have an impact on our real-life language skills?l mingle v. 混合，混杂；应酬，交际l come up with 相出，提出；拿出，提供（钱款）l multilingual adj. 会说多种语言的，以多种语言表达的请翻译上文：_To understand the link between sleep and language, lets start with just one language: your own. You may think you mastered your native language long ago, but you are actually still constantly updating it. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their mother tongue.l master v. 精通，掌握l constantly adv. 始终；一直请翻译上文：_Its during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge happens. During the day, our hippocampus, which specialises in absorbing information quickly, soaks up new words. At night, it passes the new information on to other parts of the brain, where it can be stored and connected to other relevant information.l integration n. 结合，整合；混合，融合l hippocampus n. 海马体（大脑中被认为是情感和记忆中心的部分）l soak up 吸收，学会；沉浸于，充分体验请翻译上文：_What we do know is that aside from processing daytime information, our brain can also learn new words while asleep.l aside from （= apart from）除了外请翻译上文：_Matthieu Koroma, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Liège in Belgium, who specialises in sleep and cognition, co-authored a number of studies that add to this nuanced picture of how and when we engage with language in our sleep.l cognition n. 认知，感知l nuanced adj. 细致入微的【长难句分析】Matthieu Koroma, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Liège in Belgium, who specialises in sleep and cognition, co-authored a number of studies that add to this nuanced picture of how and when we engage with language in our sleep.分析：“a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Liège in Belgium”为同位语，解释说明Matthieu Koroma；“who specialises in sleep and cognition”为定语从句，修饰Matthieu Koroma；“co-authored a number of studies”为主句的谓语和宾语；“that add to this nuanced picture of”为定语从句，修饰studies；“how and when we engage with language in our sleep”为宾语从句，作of的宾语。请翻译上文：_“Basically, the message is that you are able to learn words in other languages during sleep, even new languages you never heard before, but you do it in a very different way than when you are awake,” he says.请翻译上文：_Does all this mean we can effortlessly learn a language in our sleep, as long as we play a language lesson all night long?请翻译上文：_Not necessarily. It might actually backfire, by disturbing your rest, Koroma says. He also points out that in the study, participants learned the words much faster when they were awake than when they were asleep: “Its way more efficient when youre awake.”l backfire v. 事与愿违，适得其反；（车辆或其发动机）逆火，回火l way adv. 远远地，大大地；非常 n. 方式；道路请翻译上文：_“Wakefulness is good for learning, and sleep is more to replay, not for new language acquisition,” Koroma says. “Its an interactive process, its complementary, meaning that you learn during the day, and during sleep you sort through this information, consolidate some of your memories, and try to put it in new contexts.”l acquisition n. （知识、技能等的）获得，得到；（对公司的）收购，并购l complementary adj. 互补的，补充的，相互补足的l sort v. 整理，把分类；妥善处理 n. 种类，类别l consolidate v. 使加强，使巩固；（使）结成一体，合并请翻译上文：_“The best way to do it is probably to learn a new language before going to sleep, and then play some of the words you just heard, while being asleep,” says Koroma. “Here the results are mostly that if you play them quietly enough, it will boost your learning abilities. But if you play it too loudly, it will actually lower you learning ability. So there is some fine-tuning.”l fine-tuning v. 对（机器、系统、计划等）进行微调，精密调节请翻译上文：_参考答案：如果你会说不止一种语言，你可能经历过在睡梦中它们混杂在一起。但是，我们的大脑是如何产生这些包含多种语言的梦境，其背后的原因又是什么呢？它们会对我们现实生活中的语言技能产生影响吗？为了理解睡眠和语言之间的联系，让我们从你的母语开始讲起。你可能认为你早就掌握了母语，但实际上你还在不断地更新它。就连成年人每两天也要学会一个母语新词。新旧知识的整合正是在睡眠中发生的。白天，专门负责快速吸收信息的海马体学习新单词。到了晚上，海马体将新信息传递到大脑的其他部分，在那里信息得以储存，并与其他相关信息联系在一起。我们所知道的是，除了在白天处理信息，我们的大脑也可以在睡觉时学习新单词。比利时列日大学的博士后研究员马蒂厄·科罗马专门研究睡眠和认知，他与人合著了一系列研究，细致地描述了我们在睡眠中怎样以及何时接触语言。他说：“基本上，研究发现，你可以在睡眠中学习其他语言的单词，甚至是你从未听过的新语言，但你的学习方式与清醒时大不相同。”这是否意味着我们可以在睡梦中毫不费力地学习一门语言，只要我们整晚都播放语言课程？并不一定。科罗马说，这样做实际上可能会适得其反，因为它会影响你的休息。他还指出，在研究中，参与者在清醒的时候学习单词的速度要比睡着的时候快得多，“清醒的时候学习单词的效率要高得多。”科罗马说：“清醒的状态有利于学习，睡眠更多的是为了回放，而不是学习新语言。”“这是一个相互影响的过程，二者互为补充，这意味着你在白天学习，而在睡觉时你会整理这些信息，巩固一些记忆，并尝试将它放在新的情境中。”科罗马说：“最好的方法可能是在睡觉前学习一门新语言，然后在睡觉的时候播放一些你刚刚听到过的单词。”“这样做的结果主要是，如果你播放的音量足够低（不至于影响休息），它会提高你的学习能力。但如果你放得太大声，反而会降低你的学习能力。所以会有一些微调。”5