高中英语必修五学案unit5period3grammar.docx
Book 5 Unit 5 First AidPeriod 3 Grammar学习目标1 .学习并掌握运用英语中的省略结构和句型。2.能够运用所学处理相关习题。自主合作探究省略一、省略的定义省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言 成分,在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。一般说来,只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义,能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结 构显得紧凑,而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。二、省略的用法2 .并列句中的省略一般说来,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。I came at eight but Henry (came)at nine.我八点来的,但亨利是在九点来的。3 .复合句中的省略(1)在定语从句中,如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,这个关系代词可以省略。He's the man (who/that)you can safely depend on.他是你能放心信赖的人。(2)在状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且状语从句中含有be动词时,省 略状语从句中的主语和be动词。如果从句的主语是it,且状语从句中含有be动词,可 省略主语it和动词beoWhen (the novel is) published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。I will go to New York to visit you if (it is) possible.如果有可能的话,我将去纽约去看你。(3)引导宾语从句的that一般情况下,可以省略。但如果宾语从句中含有两个和两个以上的 从句,则从第二个that起,不能省略。I hope (that)you'll be fine soon.我希望你尽快康复。4 .虚拟语气中的省略(1)虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会 见到她了。(2)在一坚持(insist),二命令(order, command),三建议(suggest, propose, advise),四要求 (demand, require, request, ask)等后的宾语从句中,含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、 同位语从句、表语从句,以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that从句中常省 略 should oWe insisted that they (should) go with us.我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。5 .动词不定式的省略(1)有些动词(组),如 want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget 等后面的不定式作 宾语时,为了避免重复,可以省略动词只保留到t。,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有 系动词be和助动词have,这些动词就要保留。The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.这个男孩想在街上骑自行车,可他妈妈不同意。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,第一个带to,后面省去to;但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时,则t。不可省略。His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。(3)感官动词(词组)see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch 等和使役动词 make, let, have 等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略to;但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。I saw him enter the room just now.刚才我看见他进了 房间。(4)在某些句式中,如介词but前有动词do的任何形式,后面的不定式要省略to。I can do nothing but wait.我能做的只有等待。6 .介词的省略(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略,而只保留后面的动名词。如 spend time/money(in)doing sth. ;have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth. ; prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.oShe spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day. 她每天花半小时读书。(2)表示时间的介词 at, on 和 in 在 next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow 等词之前,一般可省略。We have a final exam every term.每学期我们举行一次期末考试。7 .替代性省略。英语中,可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整 个句子。一Can I put my bike here?我可以把自行车放在这儿吗? 一You'd better not.你最好不要。达标练习根据句意完成下列句子1. It looked splendid when first. (build)2. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart,.(如果有可能)3. Tom fell asleep while(watch) TV.4. Don't speak unless(tell) to.5. Hl call you.(如果有必要的话)6. She stood at the gate as if (好像在等人)7. He may not be at home then.(如果不的话),leave him a note.8. This problem may lead to more serious ones if(leave) unsolved.9. Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as. (tell)10. Generally speaking, when (take) according to directions, the drug has no side effect.