unit10知识点精讲精练英语八年级上册（人教新目标版）.docx

UnitlO If you go to the party you'll have a great time!“知识点讲解一、If you do, the teachers won" let you in.do, does, did等助动词可用来代替上文提到的动词，以避免重复例句：I don't want to go shopping, but she does.我不想去购物，但是她想去。二、If you ask people to bring food, they'll just bring potato clips and chocolate because they'll be too lazy to cook.如果你让大家带食物来，他们只会带炸薯条和巧克力，因为他们太懒了。1、ask sb. to do sth ,意为”要求某人做某事",其否定形式是nask sb. not to do sth. H要求某人不要做某事。例句：I ask him to go to the movies.我让他去电影院。(2) too + adj./adv. + to do sth.意为"太而不能做某事”，表否定意义。【注意】to 有时可与notenough to进行同义转换。例句：The math problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难，我解不出来。彳列句: The boy is too young to join the army. = The boy is not old enough to join the army.这个男孩太小了还不能参军。三、If you go to the party, youUl have a great time.如果你参加聚会，你将会玩得很开心。1、本句是含有条件状语从句的复合句。if引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来，而主句用一 般将来时(即主将从现)。此结构也可转化为：祈使句+ and/or+一般将来时。彳列句：If you study hard, you will pass the exam. =Work hard, and you will pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你就能通过考试2、have a great time意为”过得愉快，玩得开心”，相当于enjoy oneself。其中great还可以用good或wonderful 来代替。彳列句: We had a great/good/nice time in the park.=We had fun in the park. =We enjoyed ourselves in the park.我们在公园里玩得很开心。四、Can you give me some advice please?请问你能给我一些建议吗?advice 劝告，忠告，不可数名词(+on/to/about) 例句：Your English is pretty good. Can you give some advice to me?你英语很好。你能给我些建议吗？【拓展】advice作”叠议”讲时，是不可数名词，而suggestion是可数名词。如果想表示“ 一条建议”则 用 a piece of advice o【advice的常用短语】give sb. some advice give advice on sth. take/follow sb/s advice ask sb. for advice给某人一些建议 在某方面给出建议 听从某人的建议 向某人征求意见例句： My teacher always give me some good advice when I am in trouble.当我遇到困难时，老师总会给我一些好的建议。【知识拓展】advise vt.劝告advise sb how to do sth建议某人如何做某事advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事五、half n. & det. & pron. & adv.半,一半1、half作名词，复数形式是halves。例句：Cut the apple into halves.把苹果切成两半。2、half表示某物的一半half an hour 半小时 half a kilo 半公斤 half the students 一半学生3、half of后跟名词时，名词前应有the, my等限定词修饰,of也可省略。例句：Half (of) the students in that school are from the countryside.那个学校一半的学生来自农村。4、half of后也可接代词，但of不能省。例句：Half of them enjoyed the party last night.他们中有一半人在昨晚的派对上玩得很开心。5、half用于表示“几个半”时的用法。one and a half hours 或 one hour and a half 一个半小时two and a half hours 或 two hours and a half 两个半小时六、If people have problems, they should keep them to themselves.如果人们有麻烦，他们应该把这些烦恼 try?travel?be?happen?decide46. More and more young people to do something to serve the old these days.47. The work is easy, so Joe to do it himself.48. Our family to New York last summer vacation.49. . If he free tomorrow, he will come to your birthday party.50. What if there is no water or air on the earth?【答案】46. are trying?47. decides?48. traveled?49. is?50. will happen【解析】46.句意：目前越来越多的年轻人尽力做一些事为老人服务。try to do sth.表示尽力做某事。此处用现在进行时，表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻不一定正在 进行。故填are tryingo47 .句意：这项工作很简单，因此Joe决定自己做。decide to do sth.表示决定做某事，主语是Joe,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填decides。48 .句意：去年暑假，我的家人去了纽约旅行。travel”旅行”，不及物动词，常用travel to sp.根据last summer vacation可知是一般过去时。故填traveledo 49.句意：如果明天他有空，他就回来参加我的生日派对。If引导的条件状语从句，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。从句缺系动词，并且用第三人称单数形式。 故填is。50.句意：如果地球上没有水和空气会发生什么？if引导的条件状语从句，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。主句用will happen。故填will happen。六、材料作文51.随着社会科技的不断发展，我们的生活也时刻发生着变化。若干年后，我们的生活将会是什么样 子？请你以“My Life in the Future”为题，写一篇短文，向大家介绍一下你的未来生活。内容包括： 1.你的梦想职业和将来居住的地方；2 .你要如何实现你的梦想（至少两种方式）；3 .谈谈20年后你生活上的变化（至少两种变化）；4 .希望所有同学都能梦想成真。要求：1 .不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。2 .语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。My Life in the FutureToday I want to talk about my future life.【答案】例文：My Life in the FutureToday I want to talk about my future life. In the future, I think I am going to be a reporter. Also, I will live in Shanghai because it's the biggest city in China and there will be more chances for me. How can I make my dream come true? First, I am going to study Chinese and history really hard. Next, I will plan to watch news on TV every day. In this way, I can learn how to be a reporter from it.?In my opinion, life in 20 years will be very different from it is now. I'm sure it will be more colorful. There will be at least one robot in each family and they will be able to help humans do most of the work. People can go to space by spaceship on vacation. There will be world peace and people won't use paper money anymore.All in all, I hope our life will be better and better in 20 years. I think our dream will come true.【解析】总体解析题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；时态：时态为“一般将来时”；提示：写作时注意一定要紧紧围绕“未来的生活”这一主题展开叙述。内容要包括谈论自己梦想的工作， 将来居住的地方，如何实现梦想，20年后生活上的变化并祝福所有的同学都能梦想成真。总之题目要求的 内容一定都写到。内容要积极向上，条理要清晰。写作步骤第一步，开门见山，引出话题“未来的生活”，然后根据要求展开，分述自己的梦想工作，生活地点和怎样 实现梦想，注意实现梦想的途径至少两点，要具体；第二步，阐述20年后生活的变化，注意不是自己生活的变化，而是人类生活的变化，至少两点，并符合 科技发展的趋势；第三步，总结全文，表达感受，感情升华，祝福所有同学的梦想都能实现。亮点词汇in the future在将来come true实现plan to do sth.计划做某事all in all总而言之高分句型©Also, I will live in Shanghai because it's the biggest city in China and there will be more chances for me. （will be结构的一般将来时；and连接表等同关系的并列句；because引导原因状语从句；there be句型的一般将 来时）In this way, I can learn how to be a reporter from it.（疑问词+动词不定式）All in all, I hope our life will be better and better in 20 years.（省略 that 的宾语从句）留给自己。1 > keep后接名词或代词作宾语，句中themselves是反身代词用作介词to的宾语。 例句：Women often keep their ages to themselves. 妇女往往对她们的年龄保密。 2、keep them to themselves:把问题（烦恼）埋在心底，不向他人倾诉例句：You can keep the toy if you like要是你喜欢那个玩具的话，可以把它留下。 【巧学妙记】反身代词的用法歌诀反身代词表自身，句中可作两成分。表示强调同位语，宾语动作回自身。（反身代词有两种功能，一是表示强调，用作同位语； 二是表示反身功能，在句中作宾语和表语。）3、keep secrets for sb.意为"为某人保密”。例句：Thank you for keeping secrets for me.感谢你为我保守秘密。【keep用法小结】1、keep+adj.保持2、sb./sth.sb./sth.+.使某人/某物保持3、keep+doing sth. 一直不断地做某事4、 keep.from doing sth. = stop.from doing sth. 阻止做某事七、Unless we talk to someone, weUl certainly feel worse.如果我们不找个人说说，我们当然会更难过。1、unless：”除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句例句：You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.你要不快点就错过班车了。2、unless有时可以与ifnot结构相互转换例句： We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow unless it rains. =If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will visit the Great Wall.除非明天下雨，否则我们就去参观长城。八、If I tell my parents, theyUl be angry!如果我告诉我的父母，他们会生气。1、be angry with sb.”生某人的气"；2、be angry at （about） sth."对某事生气”例句：The teacher was angry with me because I was late我迟到了所以老师对我很生气。九、In English, we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half.英语中，我们说与人分担一个烦恼 就像是把它麻烦分成两半。k share:动词，意思是"分享；分担；共同负担”。【常见用法】share a room with someone 与某人同住一个房间share a book合看一本书share a taxi同坐一辆出租车share sth with sb.与某人共享某物2、cut. in half:切成两半；把一切为二”cut: “（用剪刀）剪;（用刀）切”in half / halves:是一种固定的结构,此处的介词in表示状态例句：Please cut the orange in half.请把橙子一切两半。十、So you，re halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it!因此，你只要跟人聊聊这个 问题，你就解决了问蕨的一半。1、be halfway to完成了或做了事情的一部分（to是介词）例句：We're still only halfway to finishing the homework.我们才仅仅完成了一部分作业。2、by在此表示方式，”通过（办法，方式）"by doing sth.通过做某事例句：We can learn English by watching English movies.我们可以通过英语电影来学英语。十一、have problems with在某方面有问题/困难表示“做某事有困难”有以下几种常用结构：have problems （in） doing sth. = have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth.彳列句： We have problems/difficulty/trouble （in）getting to the top of the mountain.我们要爬到山顶很困难。十二、Some people believe the worst thing is to do nothing.有些人认为最糟糕的事情就是什么事情也不Z1X.做。to do nothing为动词不定式短语作表语飞动词不定式短语可以放在连系动词后面作表语，表达按计划, 安排等要发生的事情。例句：My dream is to be a scientist.我的梦想是当一名科学家。十三、careless adj.粗心的；不小心的careless在句中作定语或表语，反义词为careful,副词形式为carelesslyo例句：Don't be careless when you ride your bike.当你骑自行车时，不要粗心大意。【归纳拓展】后缀-less表示否定意义，"没有，无”。hope一hopeless（没希望的）useuseless（无用的）homehomeless（无家的）He feels that his life is a hopeless mess.他觉得他生活得很狼狈不堪。We should try our best to help these homeless people.我们应该尽最大努力帮助这些无家可归的人。十四、if引导的条件状语从句条件状语从句是在复合句中作条件状语的句子。表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。条件 状语从句常由连词if引导。（一）连接词ifif如果，是引导条件状语从句的连接词，表示主句中动作发生的条件。例句：If you get up early, you will catch the bus.如果你早起的话，就能赶上那班公共汽车。（二）if引导的条件状语从句的构成构成方式为"主句+if引导的条件状语从句"或” if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。在含有条件状语从句的 复合句中，如果主句在前，从句在后，主从句之间不用标点；如要强调从句的内容，则把从句放在主句的 前面，这时主从句之间要用逗号隔开。例句：I will go to his birthday party if he invites me.=If he invites me, I will go to his birthday party.如果他邀请我，我会去参加他的生日聚会。（三）if引导的条件状语从句的时态在一般情况下，如果主句表示将来的意义，从句用一般现在时表将来。常见的有以下儿种：1 .主句谓语中有will, shall, won't表示将来时，从句用一般现在时。例句：You will be late for school if you get up late. 如果你起晚了，上学将会迟到。2 .主句中含有can, may, must等情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。彳列句：If I finish my homework, I can play computer games.如果我完成了家庭作业，就可以玩游戏。3 .主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。彳列句： Don't forget to lock the door if you are the last one to leave.如果你最后一个离开，别忘了锁门。4 .主句的谓语动词是want, hope, wish等词。例句：I hope to visit you if I'm free. 如果我有空，我希望去拜访你。（四）注意事项1 .在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，一般不使用be going to结构，而要用will。 例句：I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果明天我有空，我会帮你学英语。2 .在if引导的条件状语从句中不能够使用some,而要用any。例句：If you have any questions to ask, please come to my office.如果你有问题要问的话，请到我办公室来。（五）同义句转换if引导的条件状语从句可以转换成简单句，其方法如下：1 .借助”祈使句+and/or+简单句"。其中and表示句意顺承，or表示转折。例句：If you work hard, you'll pass the exam =Work hard, and you'll pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。2 .借助介词with或without来转换。例句：If there is no water, fish may die.二Fish may die without water.如果没有水，鱼可能会死。(2)情态动词should的用法情态动词should和can, may, must一样，没有人称和数的变化，有词意，但都不能单独作谓语，必须 和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。基本意思是”应当，应该“，常用来表示建议或命令等。例句：You should work hard.你应该更努力地工作。否定式和疑问式的构成与can ,may和must 一样。例句：You shouldn't play soccer in the street.你们不应该在街上踢足球。【注意】常用句型You should /shouldn't do sth表示”建议某人(不)做某事”。其他表示“建议”的句型还有： Why not do sth? /Why don't you do sth? /How about doing sth? /What about doing sth? /It's a good idea to do sth /You'd better do sth 等。1、should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思例句：How should I know?我怎么知道？2、should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例：例句：We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。【注意】我们在使用时要注意以下几点：1 .用于表示“应该“或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例：例句：You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。2 .用于提出意见劝导别人。例句：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。3 .用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例句：She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。同步练习一、单项选择1. Mike, I need your help. Can you give me some on how to learn physics?A. newsB. information C. adviceD. exercise【答案】C【解析】句意：Mike,我需要你的帮助。你能就如何学习物理给我一些建议吗？考查名词辨析。news 消息；information 信息；advice 建议；exercise 锻炼。根据"on how to learn physics”可 知，给一些如何学好物理的建议，故选C。2. We sat around and Henry told us the interesting news in a(n)voice.A. funnyB. unfriendlyC. angry答案A【儒析】句意：我们坐在一起，亨利用有趣的声音告诉我们这个有趣的消息。考查形容词辨析。funny有趣的；unfriendly不友好的；angry生气的。根据“Henry told us the interesting news” 可知Henry要讲有趣的消息，可推测是用有趣的声音去讲。故选A。3. Can you tell me or not he will come?一Sure.he comes, Til tell you.A. whether; WhetherB. if; IfC. whether; If【答案】c【解析】句意：你可以告诉我他是否会来么？ 当然。如果他来的话，我就告诉你。考查连词。whether是否；if如果。根据“or not he.”可知，此处只能用whether,表示“是否”。再根据"I'll tell you.”可知，此处为条件状语从句，所以应用if,表示“如果”。故选C。4. you can't attend the meeting, I can go instead.A. WhenB. IfC. UnlessD. Until【答案】b【解析】句意：如果你不能参加会议，我可以替你去。考查连词辨析。when当时候;if如果;unless除非;until直到。根据句意可知,“you carft attend the meeting 是后句“lean go instead"的假设条件，表示“如果你不能去，我可以代替你去、应用if引导条件状语从句。 故选Bo5. . You won't master English you practise it every day.A. ifB. if notC. unlessD. unless not答案C【解析】句意：除非你每天练习，否则你就不能掌握英语。考查连词辨析。if如果；if not如果不，后面不加句子；unless除非；unless not用法错误。"you practise it every day”是“You won't master English”的否定条件，因此用unless引导条件状语从句。故选Co6. Tf sheto Shanghai tomorrow, I will go with her.A. is goingB. goesC. will goD. to go答案B【而析】句意：如果她明天去上海，我将和她一起去。考查动词时态。根据"If she .to Shanghai tomorrow, I will go with her.”可知，本句为If引导的条件状语从句， 从句使用一般现在时，主句为一般将来时，从句主语为she,使用动词三单形式。故选B。7. she works hard, she'll get good grades.A. IfB. BecauseC. BeforeD. Though【答案】A【而析】句意：如果她努力学习，她会得到好的分数。考查连词辨析。if 如果;because 因为;before 在之前；though 尽管。"she works hard”是"she'll get goodgrades”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。8. We must finish the homework on time. If you, Miss Wang unhappy.A. don't; isB. won't; isC. don't; will be D. won9t; will be【答案】c【解析】句意：我们必须按时完成作业。如果你不这样做，王老师会不高兴的。考查主将从现。根据“If you,Miss Wangunhappy.”可知，该句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从 现”，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；从句主语为“you”，助动词用don：一般将来时的结构为 will+动词原形，此处动词原形用be,与“h叩py”构成系表结构。故选C。9. Peter is a clever boy. He teaches physics.A. hisB. heC. himD. himself答案D【解析】句意：彼得是一个聪明的男孩。他自学物理。考查代词。his他的，是形容词性物主代词；he他，是主格形式；him他，是宾格形式；himself他自己， 是反身代词。根据"Peter is a clever boy”可知，因为他是一个聪明的男孩，因此自学物理，teach oneself6§ 学”，故选D。10. 一 Mum, can I help you clean the house?一 Of course,you would like to.D. ifA. becauseB. butC. or【答案】D【解析】句意：妈妈，我能帮你打扫房间吗？ 当然，如果你愿意的话。考查连词辨析。because因为；but但是；or或者；if如果。根据“Of courseyou would like to."可知如果你 愿意的话，可以帮我打扫房间，故选D。二、完形填空Life and study are hard for all of us. And junior middle school students have every reason to say so. Besides, 48.8 percent of middle school students show signs of mental （精神的）health problems. Recently, Zhejiang Province did a survey of 11 people's mental health. It found that junior middle school students in Zhejiang feel the 12 stress （压力）from schools among teenagers.What do students 13? ” First, the class ranking （排名）after exams. Second, students are afraid that they can't 14 their parents9 expectation/9Youth Times reported.This is not only true with Chinese students. The American Psychological Association recently did a similar survey. The 15 are surprising: in the US, teenagers have a higher level of stress than adults. For them, one of the big 16 for stress is also school work.What can we do to 17? “To begin with, you can live your life 18, Sleep for 9-10 hours a day, find someone to exercise with every day, and eat 19 J said Norman B. Anderson, executive vicepresident of the association. "Also, try to keep away from mobile phoned and computers. If you 20 too much time on them, you will more likely feel terrible J said experts.11. A. old12. A. worst13. A. talk aboutB. similarB easiestB worry aboutC. youngC. bestC. learn aboutD. foreignD. biggestD. know about14. A. makeB reachC. improveD. watch15. A. onesB. waysC. resultsD. plans16. A. reasonsB mattersC. ideasD. questions17. A. act outB. bring outC. help outD. blow out18. A. carefullyB. activelyC. beautifullyD. quietly19. A. loudlyB. suddenlyC. healthilyD. hardly20. A. leaveB agreeC. turnD. spend【答案】11. C?12. D?13. B?14. B?15. C?16. A?17. C?18. B?19. C?20. D 【解析】本文主要讲述了青少年的压力问题以及一些建议。11 .句意：最近，浙江省做了一项关于年轻人心理健康的调查。old 老的；similar 相似的；young 年轻的；foreign 国外的。根据“It found that junior middle school students 可知是指年轻人，故选C。12 .句意：调查发现，在青少年中，浙江初中生感受到的学校压力最大。worst 最坏的；easiest 最容易的；best 最好的；biggest 最大的根据“stress （压力）from schools among teenagers. 可知初中生的压力最大，故选D。13 .句意：学生们担心什么？talk about 谈论；worry about 担心;learn about 得知关于;know about 知道。根据"First, the class ranking （排 名）after exams”可知班级排名是他们所担心的，故选B。14 .句意：其次，学