MBA入学联考英语试题阅读内容.docx

例21全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第二篇文章讲义050813Suppose you go into a fruiterer's shop, wanting an apple - you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour. The shopman offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be soug like those that you have already tried.Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements that has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed the operation of induction. You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalized the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green, you say, “All hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour.” That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism （三段论法），and has all its various parts and terms - its major premises, its minor premises, and conclusion. And, by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination. willnot have that apple." So that, you see, you have, in the others to see. Anyone can say anything they want, whether it's right or wrong/ said Case.Readers have to determine for themselves who to trust. "In a world of almost infinite voices, respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less/ Case said.The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago, he said. But it is growing rapidly because it provides people with fast access to news and a chance to comment on it.25. The main topic of this passage is.A. the development of journalismB. the rapid development of the InternetC. the effect the Internet has on journalismD. the advantages of the Internet例26全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第三篇文章Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world's businesses, institutions, and individuals. The Internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. These networks transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words, images, and sounds.The Internet has information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic '"bulletin boards”, where users form discussion groups around common interests. Much of the Internet/s traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another. These messages are called electronic mail or e-mail.Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e-mail. Other users of the network include obtaining news, joining electronic debates, and playing electronic games. One feature of the Internet, known as the World Wide Web, provides graphics, audio, and video to enhance the information in its documents. These documents cover a vast number of topics.People usually access the Internet with a device called a modem. Modems connect computers to the network through telephone lines. Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber-optic cables. These cables contain hair-thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light. They can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines, most of which consist of copper wires.The history of the Internet began in the 1960/s. At that time, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPAnet. Originally, ARPAnet connected only military and government computer systems. Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or war. Soon after the creation of ARPAnet, universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks. These networks eventually were merged with ARPAnet to form the Internet. By the 1990/s anyone with a computer, modem, and Internet software could link up to the Internet.In the future, the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful. Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger network called the information superhighway. This network, still under development, would link computers with telephone companies, cable television stations, and other communication systems. People could bank, shop, watch TV, and perform many other activitiesthrough the network.39. This passage is about the of the Internet.A. futureB. general introductionC. useD. history例2刀全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第一篇文章Shoppers who have flocked to online stores for their holiday shopping are losing privacy with every mouse click, according to a new report.The study by the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized（仔名HI 审查）privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as "fair information practices/ The group found that none of the 100 sites met all of the basic criteria for privacy protection, which include giving notice of what information is collected and how it is used, offering consumers a choice over whether the information will be used in certain ways, allowing access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected, and instituting the kind of security measures that ensure that information won/t fall into the wrong hands.“This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list/ said Jeff Chester; executive director of the Center for Media Education, which also worked on the survey.The online privacy of children is protected by Federal Trade Commission rules, but adults do not share the same degree of privacy protection. The government, like the online shopping industry, favors self-regulation over imposition of further government restrictions on electroniccommerce.Marc Rosenberg, executive director of the privacy group, said the study showed that self-regulations had failed. zzWe need legislation to enforce fair information practices/ he said, ""Consumers are at greater risk than they were in 1997/ when the group released its first report.The survey also asked whether the 100 sites used "profile-based" advertising, and whether the sites incorporate “cookies" technology, which gives Web sites basic information on visitors. Profiling is the practice of gathering information about consumers' interests by tracing their movements online. The information is then used to create targetedadvertising on Web sites.All but 18 of the top shopping sites did display a privacy policy, a major improvement over the early days of electronic commerce, when such policies were scarce. But that did not satisfy the privacy group: ''Companies are posting privacy policies, but these policies are not the same thing as fair information practices/ Rosenberg said.The sites also did not perform well by other measures, the group said. It found that 35 of the sites feature profile-based advertising, and 87 percent use cookies. The group concluded that the policies that were posted "are typically confusing, incomplete, and inconsistent/ The report, “Surfer Beware III: Privacy Policies Without Privacy Protection/ is the third such survey by the group. It called for further development of technologies that help consumers protect their privacy and even anonymity when exploring the Internet.54. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Marc Rosenberg's study on self-regulation.B. Some online problems found by a privacy group/s study.C. Adults and children are different.D. Online security measures.例28全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第二篇文章By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible （轻易受影响）to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity （遗传; 继承）.When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the u ant-lion “ whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen （腹部），goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, “or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions （as useless as cultivating an unsown field） or dies in helpless inactivity . Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion（堡垒）of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism - is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver (海狸)，and preeminently (卓 越土也)by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.55. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A. The Evolution of InsectsB. Environment and HeredityC. Education: The Influence of the EnvironmentD. The Instincts of Animals例29全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第一篇文章The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained by means of supervision and regulation, inspections, deposit insurance, and loans to troubled banks. For over 50 years, these precautions have prevented banking panics. However, there have been some close calls. The collapse of Continental Illinois Bank & Trusted Company of Chicago in 1984 did not bring down the banking system, but it certainly rattled some windows.In the late 1970s, Continental soared to a leadership position among Midwestern banks. Parts of its growth strategy were risky, however. It made many loans in the energy field, including $1 billion that it took over from Penn Square Bank of Oklahoma City. To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans, Continental relied heavily on short-term borrowing from other banks and large, 30-day certificates of deposit - "hot money”, in banking jargon. At least one Continental officer saw danger signs and wrote a warning memo to her superiors, but the memo went unheeded. Although the Comptroller of the Currency inspected Continental on a regular basis, it failed to see how serious its problems were going to be.Penn Square Bank was closed by regulators in July 1982. When energy prices began to slip, most of the $1 billion in loans that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned out to be bad. Other loans to troubled companies such as Chrysler, International Harvester, and Bra niff looked questionable. Seeing these problems, “hot money" owners began to pull their funds out of Continental.By the spring of 1984, a run on Continental had begun. In May, the bank had to borrow$3.5 billion from the Fed to replace overnight funds it had lost. But this was not enough. To try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continental, the FDIC agreed to guarantee not just the first $100,000 of each depositor's money but all of it. Nevertheless, the run continued.Federal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that could take over Continental - a common way of rescuing failing banks. But Continental was just too big for anyone to buy. By July, all hope of a private sector rescue was dashed. Regulators faced a stark choice: Let Continental collapse or take it over themselves.Letting the bank fail seemed too risky. It was estimated that more than 100 other banks had placed enough funds in Continental to put them at risk if Continental failed. Thus, on a rainy Thursday at the end of July, the FDIC in effect nationalized Continental Illinois at a cost of $4.5 billion. This kept the bank's doors open and prevented a chain reaction. However, in all but a technical sense. Continental had become the biggest bank failure in U.S. history.31. In the spring of 1984, Continental experienced.A. a fast growth periodB.a stability periodC. a runD.an oil price32. By July, all hope of a private sector rescue was.A. destroyedB.absurdC. desperateD.damaged34. Banking panics may be prevented by means of.A. deposit insuranceB. growth strategyC. long-term borrowingD. warning memo例30全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第四篇文章The term corporate culture refers to an organization's value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and org