常州市新北区八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar （新版）牛津版.ppt

GrammarWeusethesimplepasttensetotalkaboutwhathappenedatadefinitetimeinthepast.PastpresentEddiewas bornfouryearsago.TheSimplePastTense(一般过去时一般过去时)现在完成时现在完成时Present perfect tense1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。动词构成：动词构成：have/has+v过去分词过去分词havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(现在我不饿现在我不饿)ImnothungrynowWe often use:already 已经,(用于肯定句，have/has后或句尾)我已经做了我的家庭作业。I have already finished my homework.just 刚刚,(用于肯定句，have/has后面)他刚刚出去。He has just gone out.yet 还没,(一般疑问句或否定句，句尾)我还没有收到她的来信。I havent heard from her yet.Millie 打电话来了吗？Has Millie called yet?2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态movedherein2008IstilllivehereIhavelivedherefor9years.Ihavelivedheresince2008/9yearsago.IhavelivedheresinceImovedherein2008.常用延续性动词常用延续性动词用用since与与for填空填空_twentyminutes_anhourago_yesterday_lastmonthforsincesincesince常用的时间状语有：常用的时间状语有：for +一段时间一段时间since+过去时刻过去时刻/一般过去时的时间状语从句一般过去时的时间状语从句Till/by now=up to now=so far（到目前为止）（到目前为止）,In/during/over the past yearsShestartedtoworkinthiscomputercompany3monthsagoShe_there_3months.She_there_3monthsago.hasworkedforhasworkedsinceLookandsay.Lookandsay.Mary;beill;threedaysMaryhasbeenillforthreedays.MaryhasbeenillsincethreedaysagoLookandsay.Mr.Whiteandhiswife;sitonthebench;anhourMr.Whiteandhiswifehavesatonthebenchforanhour.Mr.Whiteandhiswifehavesatonthebenchsinceanhourago.Lookandsay.Jack;playcomputergames;2daysJackhasplayedcomputergamesfor2days.Jackhasplayedcomputergamessince2daysago.对划线部分提问对划线部分提问How long has Jack played?Ihavealreadyreadthebooksmanytimes.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoHongkong?Hehasntseenthefilmsofar.3.表示某事直到现在发生了多少次。表示某事直到现在发生了多少次。We often use:ever曾经曾经(疑问句，疑问句，have/has后后)你读过这本书吗？你读过这本书吗？Haveyoueverreadthisbook?never从来没有从来没有(否定否定,have/has后后)我从没看过这部电影。我从没看过这部电影。Ihaveneverwatchedthisfilm.B(P16)Time expressions with the present perfect tense.already yetjust never everrecently肯定句肯定句已经已经还，已经，仍还，已经，仍否定句，疑问句否定句，疑问句刚刚刚刚肯定句肯定句从不，绝不，不曾从不，绝不，不曾 否定句否定句曾经曾经肯定句，疑问句肯定句，疑问句肯定肯定/否定句，疑问句否定句，疑问句最近最近汉语意思汉语意思适用句式（肯，否，疑问）适用句式（肯，否，疑问）主语主语:第一、二人称第一、二人称单、复数单、复数+have 主语（第三人称主语（第三人称复复数）数）+have +过去分词过去分词主语（第三人称主语（第三人称单单数）数）+has WehavelivedinBeijing.HehaslivedinBeijing.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2.现在完成时的否定句否定句句型句型 主语主语+have/has+not+过去分词过去分词+I have not seen the movie yet.He hasnt been to Beijing since then现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成1.现在完成时的现在完成时的肯定句肯定句3.现在完成时的现在完成时的一般疑问句一般疑问句句型句型Have/Has+Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+.HaveHave you you finishedfinished the the work?work?HasHas she she arrivedarrived here?here?4.4.现在完成时的现在完成时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句句型句型 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+.How many times How many times havehave you you beenbeen to the Great Wall?to the Great Wall?规则动词的变化规则动词的变化 Regular verbsRegular verbsplayedhurrieddroppedMostverbs+edwork-workedplay-Verbsendingine-e+duse-usedlive-Verbsendinginy-y+iedstudy-studiedhurry-Verbsendinginavowel+aconsonantDoubletheconsonant+edstop-stoppeddrop-lived不规则动词的变化不规则动词的变化 Irregular verbsIrregular verbs(见书后不规则动词变化表见书后不规则动词变化表 )过去分词的构成过去分词的构成上一页下一页 Typeoriginal p.t p.pcostcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaughtrideroderiddenspeakspokespokendrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA ABC二、现在完成时的用法二、现在完成时的用法1.WehavejustseentheTVplay.2.Shehasalreadycopiedthenewwords.3.Hehasjustfoundhislibrarybook.4.Haveyougotapencilsharpener?Yes，Ihave.No，Ihavent.5.Hasshetravelledonaplane?Yes，shehas.No，never.6.Havetheyeverbeenabroad?Yes，theyhave.No，notevenonce.A.A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，其后果和影响现在表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，其后果和影响现在仍然存在。把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，此时句仍然存在。把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，此时句中可不用任何时间状语，也可用不确定时间的副词中可不用任何时间状语，也可用不确定时间的副词already,ever,never,yet,just,before,once,always,oftenrecently等，等，现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。我们已完成作业了。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Notyet.你已经完成家庭作业了吗你已经完成家庭作业了吗?1.副词副词already和和yet。already一般用于肯定句一般用于肯定句中，中，yet一般用于否定句和一般用于否定句和疑问句中。疑问句中。-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。我从未去过长城。如如:-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗你曾经去过长城吗?2.副词副词ever和和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示表示“曾经曾经”或或“从未从未“等。等。Hehasbeentheretwicethepastfewyears.近几年他去过那里两次了。近几年他去过那里两次了。如如:Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。他刚来他刚来.Hehasjustcome.HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearntsofar?迄今为止，你学了多少英语单词？迄今为止，你学了多少英语单词？3.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如如:just,before,uptonow,inthepastfewyearssofar,bynow等。等。表示从过去某一时刻开始表示从过去某一时刻开始,并一直延续到现在的动并一直延续到现在的动作或状态。作或状态。（常用延续性动词）（常用延续性动词）cametothisschoolin2012Istillstudyinthisschool2010年起，我就在年起，我就在这所学校学习这所学校学习。过去过去现在现在现在完成时用法现在完成时用法I have studied in this school since 2012.(现还在现还在这里学这里学习习)IbegantolearnEnglish10yearsago.I_English_10years_.I_English_10years.havelearnedsinceagohavelearnedforLookandsay.Shestartedtoworkinthiscomputercompany3monthsagoShe_there_3months.She_there_3monthsago.hasworkedforhasworkedsinceLookandsay.Lookandsay.Mary;be ill;three daysMary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days agoLookandsay.Mr.White and his wife;sit on the bench;an hourMr.White and his wife have sat on the bench for an hour.Mr.White and his wife have sat on the bench since an hour ago.Lookandsay.The pig;swim;three hoursThe pig has swum for three hours.The pig has swum since three hours ago.Lookandsay.Jack;play computer games;2 daysJack has played computer games for 2 days.Jack has played computer games since 2 days ago.对划线部分提问对划线部分提问How long has Jack played?