湖南省永州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统一检测英语试题含解析.docx

永州市2022年上期高一期末质量监测试卷英 语本试卷由试题卷和答题卡两部分组成，试题卷共10页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米签字笔或黑色水芯笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡规定位置上。2. 第一卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3第二卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔或黑色水芯笔作答。答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内。答案写在指定区域外的一律无效。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. £ 19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。1.What does the man want to do this afternoon?A. Go skating. B. Watch a match. C. Play football. 2.Why is the man late?A. He helped a person. B. His car broke down. C. He got up late.3. What does the woman think of cooking?A. Its easy. B. Its difficult. C. Its boring. 4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a classroom. B. In a concert. C. At home.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Jacks wedding. B. Jacks sofa C. Jacks living room.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What will the speakers probably do next?A. Hurry to the next class. B. Go to a club. C. Meet some friends.7.What time is the mans next class?A. At 10:30. B. At 11:00. C. At 11:30.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. Who is the woman most probably talking to?A. A salesman. B. A repairman. C. A classmate.9. What happened to the womans computer?A. Its software didnt work. B. Its screen turned black. C. Its screen turned blue.10.What does the man do to the womans computer?A. Replace its screen. B. Scan for viruses. C. Restart it.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. How does the woman feel at first?A. Tired. B. Worried. C. Hungry.12.Where are the speakers going?A. To a restaurant. B. To a train station. C. To a store.13.What is the man likely to do at last?A. Drive slowly. B. Have a meal. C. Take a rest.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Co-workers. B. Schoolmates. C. Interviewer and interviewee.15.What do we know about the woman?A. She is out of work now. B. She lives near her company.C. She works for HH Company.16. How does the man go to work these days? A. By motorbike. B. By subway. C. By car.17.Why will the man go to the city library?A. To return some books. B. To work there. C. To have an interview.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. When is the United Nations Chinese Language Day?A. On April 27th. B. On April 25th. C. On April 20th.19. How did the UN Office celebrate the event?A. It made 34 videos. B. It organized a video festival. C. It told stories about China.20.What is important in learning Chinese according to Yerdana?A. Using imagination.B. Watching Chinese videos.C. Learning the mind of Chinese people.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑AChildrens books bring back joyful memories, providing kids with that much-needed entertainment and education from a young age. Here, the experts at language learning app Babbel share a selection of their favourites from around the world.Sweden: Pippi Longstocking, by Astrid LindgrenThis text is known as a must-read for any young Swede. The story shows a superhumanly strong nine-year-old girl on her adventures with her friends and also provides a strong female presence in the story, which is often lacking in traditional childrens literature and fairy tales. It is a great book for any children looking for an exciting and courageous character.France: The Little Prince, by Antoine de Saint-ExupéryAs a classic in many nations, The Little Prince revolves around a young prince who travels from planet to planet through space. He learns lessons about love, loneliness and friendship along the journey. It may have been written for children, but enough reflection on complex themes makes it a great choice for parents and children to read together. Denmark: Fairy Tales, by Hans Christian AndersenEven if you havent heard of Hans Christian Andersen you will certainly have heard of his fairy tales. Stories like The Princess and the Pea and The Little Mermaid have become classics around the world. This book also includes other, more obscure fairy tales for children to discover and enjoy. Germany: Konstantin, by Gerda Wagener Vlasta BaránkováThis book tells that a shy crocodile learns to play a French horn in secret but encouraged by the jungles other inhabitants, finally comes out of his shell and finds friendship through his music. This wholesome and heartwarming story encourages taking pride in what you do and having the courage to share it with others.1. What is special about Pippi Longstocking?A. The presence of a strong female.B. The obscure childrens fairy tales.C. The reflection on complex themes.D. The heartwarming encouragement.2 Which book best suits parent-child reading?A. Pippi Longstocking.B. The Little Prince.C. Fairy Tales.D. Konstantin.3. Where can the text be found?A. In a textbook.B. In a biography.C. At a bookstore.D. At language learning app.BYuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice (杂交水稻之父)”, is one of Chinas most famous scientists. Yet, he considered himself as a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he devoted his life.Yuan was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.After graduating from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan realized that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields (产量) in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.Witnessing the development of hybrid rice, Yuan once said “I saw my super hybrid rice plant growing as high as sorghum (高粱). The panicle (head of rice) was as large as a broom, and the grains as big as peanuts. I was very happy to rest under them with my assistant.”Today, it is estimated (估计) that about 60 percent of domestic (国内的) rice consumption in China is made up of crops produced from Yuans hybrid species and his species have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.4. Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer?A. Having a figure like farmers.B. Researching the land constantly.C. Leading a life in the countryside.D. Graduating from an agricultural college.5. What does the underlined word “tackle” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Sharpen.B. Unearth.C. Get rid of.D. Give rise to.6. What is the main advantage of hybrid rice?A. Its higher yield.B. Its creation process.C. Its poor harvests.D. Its varieties of species.7. What is Yuans attitude to the development of the hybrid rice?A. Satisfied.B. Unbearable.C. Unspeakable.D. Cautious.COne of the worlds most significant ecological and environmental problems is desertification. Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid (干旱的), typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. Its happening all over the world and its happening very quickly.There are several causes of desertification. The immediate cause is the removal of most vegetation. This is driven by a number of factors, such as drought, tillage (耕种) for agriculture, overgrazing (过度放牧) and deforestation for fuel or construction materials. Some farmers farm their land too much, without giving the soil a chance to recover. Others allow their animals to eat up large areas of grass far too quickly at a rate that makes it impossible for the grass to grow back. Cutting down trees is another major cause of desertification. Trees help protect the soil. Without trees, the soil easily blows away in the wind or washes away in floods. Besides, wildlife plays an important role in the preservation of vegetation and soil. So removal of animals is also one of the main drivers of increasing desertification. Moreover, some parts of the Earth are hotter today than they used to be. This change in climate has dried out a lot of land.The consequences of desertification can be disastrous. So we need to take steps to prevent desertification. We should pay attention to how much energy we use in our daily lives. That way, we can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released. We can walk or cycle short distances, and use less water. We can also protect our forests by reusing paper and not using disposable chopsticks. Whats more, we should try to make people around us aware of the problem and encourage them to change their daily habits in the same way. As long as we create a harmonious environment, life on this planet will live in peace and abundance, and stop the pace of desertification together.8. What can we learn about desertification from paragraph 1?A. It is happening slowly throughout the world.B. It is an ecological and environmental solution.C. It is the process during which farmland turns into desert.D. It is the process during which a relatively dry land becomes rich.9. Why does desertification occur?A. Wildlife does harm to the vegetation and soil.B. The change in climate contributes to dried land.C. Animals eat the grass at a slower rate than grass grows.D. Trees are blown away in the wind or washed away in floods.10. What steps can we take to prevent desertification?A. Changing our good daily habits.B. Raising peoples environmental awareness.C. Using more paper and less disposable chopsticks.D. Using more energy and releasing less carbon dioxide.11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Desertification the major cause of climate change.B. Desertification everyones responsibility for its treatment.C. Desertification the disastrous consequences of deforestation.D. Desertification the most significant ecological and environmental problem.DAs many as 3.9 per cent of people have aphantasia (心盲症), the inability to picture images in their heads. But formally diagnosing (诊断) the condition is difficult. A simple physiological test involving a webcam could one day offer a solution. Rebecca Keogh at Macquarie University in Australia and her colleagues have studied the effectiveness of a test they have developed for aphantasia by recruiting 56 people without the condition and 18 people who said they have it.The test is based on changes to pupil (瞳孔) size. Looking at a bright object causes a persons pupils to constrict while dim objects cause the pupils to dilate (扩大). The researchers guessed that a similar effect could be observed if people were told to imagine a bright or dark object.In their tests, the researchers tracked each persons pupil size using an infrared (红外的) camera. They showed a participant a bright image of an object on a screen for 5 seconds, and told him/her to memorize it. After the image disappeared, the participants pupils returned to their original size. He/She was asked to imagine the object in his/her head. This task was repeated until he/she had looked at 16 bright images and 16 dark images. The pupils of all participants changed in response to seeing bright and dark images on the screen. About 90 per cent of those without aphantasia also showed pupil size changes when told to imagine those images. However, the same was true of just 39 per cent of people who said they had aphantasia.Thomas Andrillon at the Paris Brain Institute suggests the test could one day be used to check if someone has aphantasia. But Keogh says the test still needs to be refined before it can be used widely. “We cannot run this study without access to infrared glasses that can measure pupil size,” she says. This is because the pupil size changes seen in those without aphantasia are still very smalla change in diameter (直径) of about 0.2 to 0.4 millimetres. The team wants to gather more data with larger sample sizes and hopes to develop a test that can be done at home via a laptop webcam.12. What can we do to diagnose aphantasia?A. Changing the pupil size.B. Imagining images in the head.C. Tracking a similar effect via a laptop.D. Doing a physiological test with a webcam.13. How was the test carried out?A. By analyzing data.B. By classifying facts.C. By making comparisons.D. By giving detailed examples.14. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. The infrared camera interrupts participants behaviors.B. Images on the screen changed in response to pupil movements.C. All participants pupils change according to imagined images.D. An infrared camera can detect aphantasia by tracking pupil changes.15. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Diagnosing aphantasia still has a long way to go.B Access to infrared glasses is not a necessity in the test.C. A laptop webcam can be widely used to cure aphantasia.D. Data with sample sizes are quite enough to confirm the result.第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Before you go on your next two wheeled adventure, make sure youre familiar with the ins and outs of bicycle safety. _16_.one powered by an electric motor in addition to your pedaling (踏板). Many of the safety recommendations are the same for both types of bikes. Wear a helmet. Ride with the flow of traffic rather than against it. Make sure youre visible to motorists (some e-bikes now come with lights). _17_. (left: extend your left arm out to the side; right: extend your right arm or bend your left arm up at a right angle). Don