初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 10高频易错点讲解.doc

八年级英语下册Unit10高频易错点讲解一、since和for在现在完成时里的区别1.since “自从”since+从句(一般过去时)，主句用现在完成时。如:He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校以来，他学习非常努力。since 其后接时间点或从句(一般过去时)， 也可以接“一段时间+ago”，或句型Its+ 时间段+since+一般过去时的句子”表示某事是从什么时候开始的。如:It has been two months since I last saw her.我上次见到她已经两个月了。2.for 其后接时间段，for+一段时间，表示某事持续了多长时间I have been a doctor for fifteen years.= I have been a doctor since 2009.=I have been a doctor since 15 years ago.我当医生已经15年了。I have been a doctor since I was 25 years old.我从25岁起就当医生了。二、how 相关的短语及疑问句用法辨析: how long, how soon, how often, how far1.how long“多长时间”，用来对时间段进行提问，常见的答语有“for+时间段”, since+过去时间， since+一般过去时句子2.how soon “还要多久”，“多长时间之后”， 用于提问某个动作或状态将在多久之后发生或完成， 回答通常使用“in + 时间段”的形式， in five minutes（五分钟后）， in three days（三天后）等。3.how often “多久一次;多长时间一次”，对频率进行提问，常见的答语有usually, sometimes, never等频度副词以及once a week, twice a month等表示频度的短语。4.how far 意为“多远”，常用来对两地之间的距离进行提问。如:-How long have you been away from your hometown?你离开家乡多久了? -For about five years./ Since five years ago.大约五年了。-How long have you learned English?-你学英语多久了?-For ten years./ Since 2014./ Since I was five years old.-十年了。/自2014年起。/自我五岁时候。-How soon will your father be back?-你的父亲将在多久后回来?-In five days.-五天后。-How soon can you finish your homework?还要你多久才能完成你的作业?- In half an hour.-半小时后-How often do you visit your mother?你多长时间看你妈妈一次? -Once a week.一周一次。-How far is it from here to your school?从这到你学校多远? -Three kilometers.三千米。【练习】1.Miss Wang, _can I keep the magazine Crazy Reading?Until the end of this month.A.how muchB.how farC.how oftenD.how long2.How far is the factory from here?Its about 4 kilometres _.A.far B.long C.away D.near3.一_ do you go home?一We go home once a week .A.how much B.how farC.how often D.how long4.一_ has he studied English.一He has studied English for ten years .A.how much B.how farC.how many D.how long5.一_ is it from here to our school?一It is five kilometers from here to our school.A.how much B.how farC.how many D.how long6.一_ will the bus leave Nanjing for Shanghai?一The bus will leave Nanjing for Shanghai in a moment .A.how much B.how soonC.how many D.how long【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.D5.B6.B三、have been to, have been in, have gone to区别have been to 去过，已经回来have gone to 去了，还没回来have been in 一直都在【练习】1.(遂宁中考)-Where is your uncle?一He_America and he_ New York for two weeks.A.has been to;has been in B.has gone to; will stay in C.has been in;has been to D.has stayed in;has gone to2.-Have you ever_the Terracotta Army in Xi'an?-Yes, I went there last year.A.gone toB.been toC.been inD.went to3.一Have you ever _an amusement park?一Yes, I have.I enjoyed myself there last year.A.been toB.gone toC.went toD.go to4.(2020·丹东中考)一Mom,where is dad?一He_the supermarket.A.was going toB.has gone toC.has been toD.is going to5.-Where is Mr.Green?-He_the bookshop.You have to wait for him.A.was going toB.has gone toC.has been toD.went to【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.B5.B四、not.any more和not.any longer区别not.anymore 相当于no more，意为“不再”，侧重于程度或数量上不再增加。not.any longer 相当于no longer，意为“不再”，表示时间或距离的不再延长，常含有今昔对比之意，比较正式，常用于一般现在时和过去时。如:The baby no more cried.=The baby did not cry anymore.这个婴儿不再哭了。 She is no longer young.= She is not young any longer.她不再年轻。五、do with和deal with 区别do with “处理:安置”，强调处理的对象，常与what连用。deal with “处理;应付”，强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用。如:I don't know what to do with these letters.我不知道如何处理这些信件。 He taught me how to deal with pressure.他告诉我怎么样应付压力。【练习】1.I don't know how they will deal with the problem.（写出同义句）2.The task is too difficult.I have no idea of _ it.A.what to make withB.how to do withC.what to deal withD.what to do with【答案】1. I don't know what they will do with the problem.2.D六、keep的用法小结keep -kept-kept归纳如下:1.用作系动词意为“保持(某种状态)”，其后常接形容词作表语。如:Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静!2.用作实义动词(1).保管;保存;保留Please keep these things for me while I am away.当我不在的时候，请帮我保管一会这些东西。(2).赡养;饲养 l used to keep sheep in my childhood.在我童年时期，我曾养过羊。(3)坚持;继续接 V-ing 形式作宾语。lf you keep practicing your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress.如果你坚持练习你的英语口语，不久你将取得巨大进步。(4)阻止;阻碍keep sb/sth from doing sth “阻止某人做某事”其中介词 from 不能省略。The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.大雨阻止了他们观看足球比赛。(5)保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 keep + sb/sth + 介词lf your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.如果你的手凉了，就把它们放在口袋里。 keep + sb/sth + 形容词These gloves will keep your hands warm.这些手套会让你的手保持温暖。 keep + sb/sth +V-ing“让某人/某物一直.”，强调动作的持续性。I'm sorry I've kept you waiting.很抱歉，让你久等了。【其他短语】keep a record 保持记录keep in touch (with)保持与.的联系keep out (of) 把.关在外面keep up 保持;使不能入睡 keep one's / an eye on密切注视keep away (from) 离开keepin mind 牢记keep one'sword 遵守诺言七、opposite的用法1.介词 "在.对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位2.形容词 另一边的;对面的;相反的3.副词 在对面4.名词 “对立的人(或物);对立面”，常与介词of连用如:They live opposite the movie theater.他们住在电影院对面。We live on the opposite side of the river.我们住在河对面。There's a young woman living opposite.有一个年轻女人住在对面。"Fat” is the opposite of “thin”.“胖”是“瘦”的反义词。【练习】1.There is a bank opposite our school.（英译汉）2. She turned and walked away in the opposite direction.（英译汉）【答案】1.我们学校对面有一家银行。2.她转身往反方向走了。八、among 和 between区别among 指三者或三者以上的“在中间，在之间”。between 表示“在中间时”，指“在两者之间”，如果指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用between。如:He is sitting among the classmates.他坐在同学们中间。There's a small river between the two villages.这两个村庄之间有一条小河。(两者之间)When we talk about the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them.我们谈论宇宙的时候，我们指的是地球、太阳、月亮和星星，以及它们之间的空间。(两两之间)5