高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句要点讲解.doc
高考英语语法复习定语从句要点讲解一、定语从句的关系代词只能用that 不用which 的5种情况:1)先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anythin等。 e.g. All that we have to do is to practise every day.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰:I have read all the book (that) you gave me.4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时:He is the only person that I want to talk to.5)先行词既有人又有物时:They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.【附加注意事项】先行词是表示地点的名词时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的来确定关系词。如果是及物的就用that (which),否则用where。This is the house where he lived last year.This is the house that (which) he visited last year.二、定语从句中关系代词只能用which 引导的3种情况:(1) 当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which。The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike.He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(2) 如果先行词本身是that 时，只用which.或者句子中出现了作指示代词的that 时，为了避免用词重复。This is that which he bought yesterday.Is that the book (which) you borrowed from Mary?(3) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.He succeeded in the competition, and this made his parents very happy.三、the same as 和 the same that的异同：一般认为the same as 和 the same that的区别就在于：as是表示相似，而that则表示同一。（注:这在语言学家之间是个有争议的观点，故不可能在正式试卷中涉及。）比如：This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的相似。This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的书包。【注释】用as表示相似，而用that则表示同一是一种非常粗略的区分；更详细的区分如下：1. 当表示“相似”时，多用as，避免使用that。1）She has the same fair hair and blue eyes as her mother had.她和母亲一样有着同样的金黄色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。（as做had的宾语）2）This coffee is the same as we had at Mrs Dawson's. 这咖啡和我们在道森夫人家喝的一样。3）His hair's the same colour as her mother's. 她的头发和母亲的头发是同样的颜色。（mother's后面省略了is，所以as做表语）。以上句子中的as，不能代之以that表示“相似”。但是，薄冰教授认为这种限制已经有所突破，并举例如下：4）He uses the same book asthat you do. 他和你用的书是一样的（as或that做宾语，在这里都表示“相似”）。2. 表示“同一”时，多用that，但也可以用as。1）He works in the same shop thatas I do.他和我在同一家商店工作（asthat作宾语）。2）I went out the same way (that) I'd got in.我顺着进来的原路出去的（that做状语，表方式）。3）We rode the same way as we had come out the evening before.我们乘车行驶在前一天晚上出来的同一条路上（as做状语，表方式）。4）A compromise was reached on the same day as the charter was granted.达成和解和授予特许是在同一天（as做时间状语）。5）Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday.请到昨天见我的那个地方来见我（as做地点状语）。6）I did not write down my assumptions at the same time that I drew up the questionnaire.我不是在同一个时候记下自己的设想并拟定问卷表的（that做时间状语）。7）We say "be going to", for the same reason that we say "have to, used to"etc., i.e. to remind students of "to" in the following infinitive.我们说“be going to”和我们说“have to， used to”等的原因是一样的，都是要提醒学生注意后面不定式中的这个“to”（that做原因状语）。3. 定语从句为省略结构，要用as而不用that。1）I read the same book as you. 我和你读的书是一样的。(as表示相似)。2）He gave the same answer as before.他给的答案和以前的相同 (as表示同一)。3）She lives in the same house as her husband.她和丈夫住在一个屋子。（as表示同一）。4. the same后没有被修饰的名词也没有暗含一个one时，只能用as而不用that。1）I feel the same today as I did yesterday. (today在这里是副词作状语)2）Is this John Smith in the newspaper the same (one) that I went to school with?报上的这个约翰施密斯先生是不是过去与我一块上学的同一人？3）A: We're staying at the Excelsior Hotel.B: Is that the same asthat you stayed in last summer?A：我们将住在精美旅馆。B：就是你们去年夏天住过的那家旅馆吗？（the same后暗含one）。5. that用作宾语时可以省略，而as不可以。1）She is the same girl (that) I sat next to last year.她和去年坐在我旁边的那个女孩是同一个人。2）I live in the same house as he lives in.我和他住在同一个屋。四、the same .who(m)whichwherewhen 等现象：“the same+名词”之后的定语从句，除了用as和that之外，还可以用who（指人，做主语）、whom (指人，作宾语)、which（指物）、where（做地点状语）、when（做时间状语）等，做宾语的关系词还可以省略。1) It was the same person who was afterwards associated.2) 那是后来与其联手的同一人。3) Are these the same people (whom) we saw here last week?4) 这些人是不是我们上周所见到的那些人？3) I'd like to read the same book which was read by Tom.我想阅读汤姆读过的那本书。5) He went back to the same place where he had found the ring.6) 他返回到他找到戒指的那个地方。五、基于第三、四点的小结:以上展现了在定语从句中出现的与the same .搭配的各种关系词现象，归根到底你能知道，as 和that在句子中可能充当代词作主语，宾语或表语，也都可能充当副词作定语从句中的状语。虽然二者不是唯一可与the same 搭配的关系词，但为表达规范，尽量用这两个词，尤其是as。3
