初中英语人教新目标七年级下册Unit 11知识点整理.doc

七年级英语下册Unit11知识点【Useful expressions】1.go for a walk 散步 2.milk a cow 给奶牛挤奶 3.ride a horse 骑马 4.feed chickens 喂鸡5.talk with a farmer 和农场主交谈6.quite a lot 许多 7.take a photo/photos 照相8.learn to do sth 学做.9.learn about.了解.10.show sb around sp 带.参观.11.grow apples/strawberries 种植苹果/草莓12.pick apples/strawberries 摘苹果/草莓13.take.home 把.带回家 14.go fishing 去钓鱼 15.last week/year 上周/去年 16.in the countryside在乡下 17.at night 在夜间 18.lucky you 你真幸运 19.go to a farm 去农场 20.climb the mountain 登山 e out (太阳）出来、出版 22.draw a picture/picture 画画 23.history museum 历史博物馆24.fire station 消防站25.go to the zoo 去动物园26.go on a school trip 参加学校郊游 27.along/on the way 在途中 28.teach sb how to do 教.做.的方法 29.buy.for.为.买.30.be interested in.对.感兴趣 31.not.at all 一点也不.32.all in all 总之【Target sentences】How was your school trip? It was excellent.I visited my grandparents in the countryside.2. Did you go to the zoo? No, I didnt.I went to a farm.3. Were the strawberries good? Yes, they were sweet and delicious.4.Did you see any cows?Yes, I did.I saw quite a lot.5.My friends and I went for a walk around the farm and talked with a farmer.6.We visited the science museum and it was really interesting.7.The farmer showed Carol around the farm.8.Carol learned a lot about farming.9.Carol picked some strawberries and took them home.10.But at about two oclock, it got very cloudy and we worried it would rain.11.Luckily, it didnt and the sun came out again! 12.Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.13.The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos, so I didnt take any.14.I didnt like the trip at all.15.All in all, it was an exciting day.【Language points】1.Did you learn anything? 你学到什么东西了吗？anything pron.任何东西；任何事物anything是不定代词，常用于否定句或疑问句中。作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。形容词修饰anything时要后置。He cant see anything now.He has gone blind.Is there anything special in the room? 【特别提醒】 something常用于肯定句中。但是，在表示委婉的邀请、请求、建议等希望得到肯定回答的问句中，用something而不用anything。We stopped for something to eat.Could you please give me something to drink?2.Did you grow any apples? grow v.种植；生长；发育;在句中作及物动词，意为“种植”，其后可直接接名词或代词作宾语。We grew some strawberries in the yard.In spring, everything begins to grow.He wants to be a teacher when he grows up.(2) grow还可作连系动词，意为“逐渐变得；逐渐成为”，强调变化的过程。Its growing dark.3.Carol learned a lot about farming.farming n.农事；务农He wants to take up farming in the future.【拓展延伸】farm作名词，意为“农场”，短语on a farm意为“在农场”；farmer也是名词，意为“农民；农场主”。3.But at about two oclock, it got very cloudy and we worried it would rain.worry v.n.担心；担忧 (1) worry在句中作动词，后面可接宾语从句。 Her parents worry (that) she may be late for school.(2) worry还可作名词，意为“担心；担忧”。no worries意为“没什么，不客气，没关系”【拓展延伸】(1) worry作及物动词，还可意为“使担心；使发愁”，常接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。The naughty boy worries his teachers.(2) worry还可作不及物动词，意为“担心；忧虑” ，常与about连用。worry about意为“担心(某人或某事)“，相当于be worried about。Dont worry about me.Im old enough.(3) worried是形容词，意为“担忧的；担心的”。She felt worried because her son wasnt at home.4.Luckily, it didnt and the sun came out again!luckily adv.幸运地；好运地luckily作副词，常位于句首修饰整个句子。luckily的形容词为lucky“幸运的”。5.visit a fire station fire n.火；火灾fire意为“火”时，作不可数名词；意为“火灾”时，作可数名词和不可数名词均可。常见短语有：on fire着火； catch fire着火；put out a fire灭火The whole building is on fire.Dry leaves are easy to catch fire.Those young firemen were brave enough to put out the fire in the forest.【拓展延伸】(1) fire作名词，还有“炉火；灶火”的含义。make/build a fire“生火”。You put up the tent, and Ill make a fire.(2) fire还可作动词，意为“开枪，开火；开除”。The officer ordered his men to fire.We had to fire him for dishonesty. 6.exciting adj.使人兴奋的；令人激动的 【易混辨析】exciting与excitedbe excited about.对感到兴奋We areexcitedat the exciting news.我们因为那个激动人心的消息而激动万分。7.Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.【句式剖析】本句中how to make a model robot为“特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构，在句中看作一个整体，作taught的直接宾语。guide n.导游；向导The guide explained the history of the Great Wall to us.【拓展延伸】(1)guide作名词，还可表示“指南；指导手册；旅游指南”。Follow our step-by-step guide.跟着我们的分步指南去做。(2)guide还可作动词，意为“给某人领路；指引”。He will guide you to the top of the mountain.8.All in all, it was an exciting day.all in all 总的说来常放在句首，用来对之前所说的内容进行归纳或总结。意义及用法类似的短语有：in a word(总之), in short(简而言之)。All in all/In a word/In short, this is a good book.【拓展延伸】in all表示“总共；合计”，在句中的位置比较灵活。Thats 50 dollars in all.9.Everything was about robots and Im not interested in that.（1）everything pron.所有事物；一切everything是不定代词，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Everything goes well.一切进展顺利。（2）be interested in 对 感兴趣该结构中in为介词，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。He is interested in basketball.Lisa is interested in singing and dancing.【拓展延伸】interest作名词，意为“兴趣；关注” ，have (an) interest in sth.表示“ 对.有兴趣”。I have an interest in film music.10.There were also too many people and I couldnt really see or hear the guide.hear v.听到；听见；heard （过去式）11.I didnt like the trip at all.notat all 一点儿也不；表示强烈的否定意味。Tom doesnt like dancing at all.【拓展延伸】not at all的用法：（1） 用来回答别人对你的感谢，意为“不客气，不用谢”。Thank you very much for lending me your bike.Not at all.（2） 用来回答别人的歉意，意为“没关系”。Im sorry, Mom.I broke the glass.Not at all.Be careful next time.12.The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to takephotos, so I didnt take any.it is +adj+to do sth.it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。【Grammar Focus】一般过去时1.语法概述一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last Sunday等表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时的句式（1）含be动词的一般过去时的句式I was late for school yesterday.My parents werent interested in pop songs.Was your father at home? Yes, he was./No, he wasnt.（2）含实义动词的一般过去时的句式We went to the farm last weekend.Tom didnt go to work this morning.Did you ride a horse? Yes, I did./No, I didnt.【特别提醒】若陈述句的主语是第一人称，变疑问句时应改为第二人称，句末改为问号。 I played football with my friends yesterday afternoon.Did you play football with your friends yesterday afternoon? 2.动词过去式的构成（1）规则动词过去式的构成【特别提醒】(1) 在清辅音后，-ed 读/t/。如walked /wkt/， stopped /stpt/。(2) 在元音或浊辅音后，-ed读/d/。如lived /livd/，enjoyed /ndd/。(3) 在/t/和/d/后，-ed读/id/。如studied /stdid/.巧学妙记：规则动词过去式的构成过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加-ed。如若词尾有个e，直接加-d就可以。辅音字母y结尾，变y为i加-ed。一辅重闭作尾巴，双写之后加-ed。（2）不规则动词过去式的构成（熟记）过去式和原形一样：cut cut put put中间元音变化：ia：begin began sing sang swim swamio：drive drove ride rode write wroteo/ae：grow grew know knew draw drew过去式以ought和aught结尾:buy bought teach taught结尾的d变为t:send sent spend spent【Topic writing】My school tripMy classmates and I went on aschool trip to Lion Peak(狮子峰)two weeks ago.We took a bus to get there.We talked and laughed along the way.When we got there, we began to climb the mountain.After we got to the top, we had a picnic there, We had food and drinks.We enjoyed the beautiful flowers and the green grass.The air is clean and fresh,We had a really good time!On the way home , I felt a bit tired,but I was happy.I like the school trip.5