辽宁省大连市2024年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 （含解析）.docx

大连市2024学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the woman do with her hair?A. Nothing special. B. Use certain products. C. Have a special diet.2. Whats the problem with the mans phone?A. It works quite slowly. B. It charges slowly. C. It consumes much electricity.3. Whats the mans suggestion?A. Try a larger size. B. Lose weight. C. Keep fit.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. A computer game. B. A working experience. C. An imaginary situation.5. Why does the man talk to the woman?A. To check in. B. To get a ticket. C. To report his loss.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Which program can be used to call peoples telephone numbers?A. Zoom B. Facebook Messenger. C. Skype.7. Why does the man use the free version?A. It involves more speakers.B. Its perfect for his needs.C. Its a better deal for professionals.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. How does Mark usually get news?A. By watching TV. B. By visiting news sites. C. By reading newspapers.9 Which have the ability to prevent the spread of fake news according to the man?A. Reporters. B. Technology companies. C. The websites.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What are the speakers discussing?A. A TV program. B. A book. C. A video.11. Which country do the two brothers come from?A. America. B. Italy. C. Britain.12. What does Peter suggest the two brothers do?A. Invite a celebrity to the restaurant.B. Improve the flavor of some dishes.C. Advertise on the television.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What is the mans problem?A. He has no idea how to start his paper.B. He does not know which book to read first.C. He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.14. What does the woman think of the mans topic?A. It is too broad. B. It is challenging. C. It is interesting.15. What is the man really more interested in?A. Biology. B. Nature. C. Photography.16. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Ask as many questions as possible.B. Develop his reading ability.C. Go to the library.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Where is the talk taking place?A. In a hospital. B. In an education center. C. In a news room.18. Why did Jim set up the Center for Learning?A. To educate kids. B. To make money. C. To help adults.19. How many computers did the local businessman donate?A. 13. B. 15. C. 30.20. What is the main topic of the talk?A A bad accident. B. A wonderful man. C. A big gift.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABEIING-Ahead of Chinas Youth Day, President Xi Jinping wrote back to a youth team working on space station construction, encouraging them to contribute more to the exploration of space and advance space science and technology through innovation.The following are some highlights of Xis remarks on space exploration.Nov.6,2018In a congratulatory letter to the the12th China International Aviation(航空)and Aerospace Exhibition, Xi said the exhibition demonstrated Chinas great achievement in space explorations and expressed his belief that the exhibition would greatly boost the development of global aerospace technology and promote international exchanges and cooperation.May15, 2021In a congratulatory message on the successful landing of Chinas first probe on Mars, Tianwen-1,Xi said, “The landing left a Chinese mark on Mars for the first time. It is another landmark progress in Chinas space industry development.”Sept.16, 2021In a congratulatory letter to the First International Summit on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) Applications, Xi said China is willing to share the achievements of the BDS with all sides and make the BDS better serve the world and benefit humankind.April 12, 2022When inspecting the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, Xi spoke highly of a series of key space missions launched from the site, including the launching of the space station core module Tianhe, the Change-5 lunar mission, and the Tianwen-1 Mars probe. He extended greetings to all the staff stationed at the site and asked them to shoulder their responsibility and make new breakthroughs.1. How should space science and technology be advanced according to President Xi?A. By working hard.B. By innovating.C. Through cooperation.D. Through exploration.2. When did Xi offer congratulations on Chinas first landing on Mars?A. OnNov6, 2018.B. OnMay15, 2021.C. On Sept 16, 2021.D. On April 12, 2022.3. What message do all Xis remarks have in common?A. Space exploration needs global cooperation.B. Outer space is the common wealth of humanity.C. China attains great success in space explorationD. Great achievements should be shared globally.BThere was a strange stillness. Where had the birds gone? I was a spring without bird voices. Only silence lay over the fields and woods.Rachel Carson was a scientist, but these lines from her 1962 book Siln Spring show her talent as writer. By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to warn the scientific community and the general public of the damaging effects of human activity on ecosystems-in particular, of the harmful use of pesticides(杀虫剂),such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing ham to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies, which proves some progirammes did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. And the 50or so pages at the end of the book list Carsons sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.Carsons message has caused a great increase in environmental awareness: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of green movement in the Western world.Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though supported by most scientists, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said Carson did not understand the science because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. These were attempts to damage Carsons reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research.Personally, I enjoyed Carsons book. Today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.4. Why did Carson describe a world without birds?A. To create a poetic atmosphere.B. To show Carsons talent as a writer.C. To raise environmental awareness.D. To arouse readers interest in science.5. What do we know about Carson?A. She is a committed scientist.B. She is an uninfluential biologist.C. She is a well-recognized chemist.D. She is a productive writer.6. What was the possible reason why Carsons book became a target for critics?A. She couldnt control her emotion.B. She went against science.C. She lacked scientific spirit.D. She threatened their profit.7. What is the text?A. A book review.B. A news journal.C. A research article.D. A personal profile.CIt shouldnt come as news to anyone that the planet is suffering a climate emergency. And the fashion industry certainly plays its part in this. In 2020, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) calculated that the fashion industry produces ten per cent of annual global carbon dioxide emission and is estimated to use around 1.5 trillion litres of water every year. The industrys environmental impact is greatly worsened by fast fashion which releases hundreds of new styles every week, leading to overproduction and overconsumption. But how do we solve this issue? One answer lies in the new generation of made-to-order brands making their way into the mainstream.These brands make clothes only as and when theyre ordered. Its a far more sustainable approach, and because theres no overproduction, less unwanted stock(库存)ends up in landfills. It also promotes a slower fashion model, with pieces taking between three weeks and three months to arrive once purchased. Its focus is on creating special, well-made pieces for consumers to treasure for years to come.MaisonCléo is such a clothing company, taking limited orders each week which are then handmade and delivered in approximately three weeks. And it advocates for fair and reasonable pricing. Thus it attracts loyal customer bases with their social and environmental responsibility, perfect craftsmanship and evergreen styles.With made-to-order brands rapidly growing in popularity, it begs the question-could this be the start of a new, environmentally responsible era? I hope so. With overproduction and overconsumption fueling a real climate crisis, the made-to-order clothing could be the future of fashion our planet badly needs.8. Which is the problem with fast fashion?A. It slows economic growth.B. It pollutes water resources.C. It results in overpopulation.D. It causes overconsumption.9. What do we know about the products of made-to-order brands?A. They promise high quality.B. They are delivered fast.C. They end up in landfills.D. They are produced in quantity.10 Why does the author mention “MaisonCléo” in paragraph 3?A. To explain a rule.B. To present an example.C. To list a fact.D. To give an exception.11. What is the suitable title of the passage?A. Climate Crisis and Fast FashionB. The Development of Made-To-Order BrandsC. Could Made-To-Order be the Future of Fashion?D. How to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions?DMariana Bechtel isnt exactly someone who avoids stress. Throughout her, she has pursued high-pressure management jobs: “Im hard core,” says the 44-yearold wife and mother of two. “I wanted to be on top at work, and I wanted to be a great mom” one who could attend baseball games, drive and help with homework even after an hour-long commute (通勤)on workdays, more often than not, with a5 a.m. marathon-training run.However, after months of losing sleep, dropping weight and feeling pushed to lose her mind, Mariana Bechtel decided she had to address her stress-and turn it to her advantage. The new job she recently switched to still has its share of pressure, but with more support from her boss and more flexibility in her schedule, she says she feels great.Contrary to popular belief, stress doesnt have to be a soul-sucking, health-damaging force. But few people know how to transform their stress into the positive kind that helps them reach their goals.A recent research confirms that gaining control over job demands, doing work with meaning and purpose and enjoying support and encouragement from co-workers are all linked to beneficial stress. Simply changing attitudes and expectations about stress-through coaching, training or peer-support groups-can also develop the constructive kind of stress.“Stress is paradoxical,” says Alia Crum, a research scholar. “On one hand, it can be the thing that hurts us most. On the other, its fundamental to psychological and physical growth. The attitude that we view and approach stress will shift the outcome.”12. What is Mariana Bechtels new job like?A. It is health-damaging.B. It is physically demanding.C. It has little stress.D. It has flexible worktime.13. What does the author want to show by telling the story of Mariana Bechtel?A. Stress can be turned beneficial.B. Too much stress is harmful to health.C. Its hard to balance work and family.D. Every job has its own advantage.14. How can we make stress to our advantage according to the recent research?A. By refusing the bosss demandsB. By taking up a meaningful job.C. By supporting co-workers.D. By sticking to our attitude to stress.15. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean?A. Stress has far-reaching effects.B. Stress has several disadvantages.C. Stress has two opposite features.D. Stress is not necessary at all.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Like space exploration, deep sea exploration requires new instruments and technology. The ocean depths are cold and dark and are under high pressure._16_Finding the BottomIn the 8th century, lead weights which were attached to ropes are dropped to measure water depth. Beginning in the19th century, researchers used wire rather than rope to take sounding measurements. In the modern era, acoustic (声学) depth measurement devices are widely used._17_.Human ExplorationOnce people knew where the sea floor was, _18_ Science has progressed way beyond the diving bell, a huge bottle containing air that could be lowered into the water. The first submarine was built by Cornelius Drebbel in 1623.The first underwater breathing device was invented in 1865. In 1964, Alvin was tested. Alvin was built by General Mills and operated by the US Navy. Alvin allowed three people to remain underwater for as long as nine hours and as deep as 14,800 feet. Modern submarines can travel as deep as 20,000 feet.Robotic ExplorationWhile humans have visited the bottom of the Mariana Trench, _19_. Further exploration relies on modern robotic systems.Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are controlled by researchers on a ship. ROVs typically carry cameras, manipulator (操作) arms, sonar equipment, and sample containers.Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operate without human control._20_. Some vehicles, such as the Nereus, act as either a ROV or AUV.A. But diving deep never endsB. Humans are curious about the seaC. they have made a lot of discoveriesD. they wanted to visit and examine itE. the trips only allowed limited explorationF. Basically, they produce a loud sound and listen for echoes to measure distanceG. They generate maps, measure temperature and chemicals, and take photographs第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Look, Carolyn!” Todd cried out _21_ His wife, Carolyn, who was being se