初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit10知识点.doc

八年级英语下册Unit10知识点一、单词yard n.院子sweet adj.甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的memory n.记忆；回忆cent n.分；分币toy n.玩具bear n.熊maker n.生产者；制订者scarf n.围巾；披巾；头巾soft adj.软的；柔软的check v. n.检查；审查board n.板；木板junior adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的clear v.清理；清除bedroom n.卧室own v.拥有；有railway n.铁路；铁道part v.离开；分开certain adj.某种；某事；某人honest adj.诚实的；老实的while n.一段时间；一会儿truthful adj.诚实的；真实的hometown n.家乡；故乡nowadays adv.现今；现在；目前search v. n.搜索；搜查among prep.在（其）中；之一crayon n.彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡笔）shame n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧regard v.将认为；把视为；看待count v.数数century n.百年；世纪especially adv.尤其；特别；格外hold v.拥有；抓住consider v.注视；仔细考虑childhood n.童年；幼年opposite prep.与相对；在对面 adj.对面的；另一边的二、短语yard sale庭院拍卖会bread maker 面包机soft toy 软体玩具；布绒玩具check out 察看；观察board game 棋类游戏junior high school 初级中学clear out 清理；丢掉no longer 不再；不复part with 放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西）as for 至于；关于to be honest说实在的even though即使；纵然according to依据；按照a symbol of 的象征across from在对面close to 几乎；接近三、句型1.How long have you had that bike over there?那边那辆自行车你买了多久了？I've had it for three years.我买了三年了。2.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?他儿子拥有轨道火车玩具多久了？He's owned it since his fourth birthday.他从四岁生日时就拥有它了。3.Have you ever played football? 你曾经踢过足球吗？Yes，I did when I was little，but I haven't played for a while now.是的，小的时候踢过，但是现在我有一段时间没踢了。4.It's been around for at least 20 years.它至少已经存在20年了。5.Nowadays，millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.如今，数百万中国人离开农村去城市找工作。6.Among these is Zhong Wei，a 46-year-old husband and father.作为一位46岁的丈夫和父亲，钟伟就是其中之一。 四、现在完成时1.现在完成时的“未完成用法”现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。表示“未完成”的句式示 例 现在完成时+for+一段时间We have known each other for twenty years.我们认识有二十年了。I haven't seen her for a long time.我好久没有见到她了。现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.自1984年以来，史密斯先生就在这里工作。现在完成时+since+从句He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college.自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。谓语动词用延续性动词，可以用how long提问。例句：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。How long has he been a soldier? 他参军多长时间了？2.延续性动词与非延续性动词（1）延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。（2）在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间状语，则句中谓语一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有：将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用：begin (start) be on（开始）go there be there（去哪里）come back be back（回来）come here be here（来这里）open be open（开门）close be closed（关门）die be dead（死）marry be married（结婚）finish be over（结束）go to bed be in bed（上床睡觉）leave be away（离开）return be back（回来）get out be out（出去）fall asleep be asleep（入睡）lose be lost（丢失）fall ill be ill（生病）get (arrive，reach) be in / at（到达）join (become) be in / be a member of（参加；加入）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词：borrow keep（借）put on wear / be on（穿）become be（成为）get to know know（认识）buy have (own)（买）catch a cold have a cold（感冒）receive have（收到）go to sleep sleep（睡觉）例句：They has been married for 6 years.他们已经结婚六周年了。She has kept this book for nearly three weeks.她已经保留这本书将近三周了。五、书面表达澳大利亚学生Sam最近又来到了北京。他去了王府井，发现这里发生了巨大的变化。请你以Sam的身份给父母寄一张明信片，用以下单词、短语介绍王府井发生的变化。1.happy，visit，again2.change，take place3.go，Wangfujing Street，morning，building，shop，market4.flower，put，succeed，the OlympicsOne possible version：Dear Mom and Dad，I'm very happy to visit Beijing again. Great changes have taken place in Beijing. Today I went to Wangfujing Street early in the morning and I had a good time. Now，there are a lot of new buildings，modern shops and large markets on it. Many beautiful flowers are put on the street. People in Beijing work hard and they have succeeded in hosting the 29th Olympic Games. I hope Beijing will be more beautiful in the future.Yours，Sam3