《面向对象程序设计》答案 .doc

实验一 熟悉VC+IDE开发环境一、实验目的1、熟悉VC+6.0集成开发环境，熟练掌握VC+6.0项目工作区、各种编辑器、菜单栏和工具栏的使用。2、掌握如何编辑、编译、连接和运行一个C+程序。3、通过运行简单的C+程序，初步了解C+源程序的结构和特点。二、实验要求1、分析下列程序运行的结果。程序一：#include <iostream.h>int add(int x,int y=8);void main() int x=4; cout<<add(x)<<"," cout<<add(x,add(add(x,add(x)<<endl;int add(int x,int y) return x+y;/12,28程序二：#include <iostream.h>void main()int *p,i; i=5;p=&i;i=*p+10;cout<<"i="<<i<<endl;/i=15程序三：#include <iostream.h> void main(void)int i=10;int &r=i; r+;cout<<"i="<<i<<", r="<<r<<'n'i=88; cout<<"i="<<i<<", r="<<r<<'n'/i=11,r=11i=88,r=88程序四：#include <iostream.h> int f(int i) static int k=1; for(;i>0;i-) k +=i; return k; void main() int i; for(i=0;i<5;i+) cout<<f(i)<<" " / 1 2 5 11 21程序五：#include <iostream.h>void func();int n=1;  void main() static int a;    int b= -9;      cout <<"a:"<<a<<" b:"<<b<<" n:" <<n<<endl;b+=4; func();cout <<"a:"<<a<<" b:"<<b<<" n:"<<n<<endl;n+=10; func();void func()  static int a=2;   int b=5;          a+=2;n+=12;b+=5;  cout <<"a:" <<a<<" b:" <<b<<" n:" <<n <<endl; / a:0 b:-9 n:1a:4 b:10 n:13a:0 b:-5 n:13a:6 b:10 n:35实验二 C+对C的扩充一、实验目的1、了解在面向对象程序设计过程中C+对C功能的扩充与增强，并善于在编写程序的过程中应用这些新功能。2、进一步熟悉编辑、编译、连接和运行C+程序的方法。3、进一步熟悉C+程序的结构和编程方法。二、实验要求1、分析下列程序运行的结果。#include <iostream.h>int amount=123; void main()int amount=456; cout<<:amount<<',' cout<<amount<<',' :amount=789; cout<<:amount<<',' cout<<amount<<'n' / 123,456,789,4562、编写一个程序，用来求2个或3个正整数中的最大数。用不带默认参数的函数实现。include <iostream>using namespace std;int max(int a,int b,int c) /求3个整数中的最大者if (b>a) a=b; if (c>a) a=c; return a; int max(int a, int b) /求两个整数中的最大者if (a>b) return a; else return b;int main( )int a=7,b=-4,c=9; cout<<max(a,b,c)<<endl; /输出3个整数中的最大者 cout<<max(a,b)<<endl; /输出两个整数中的最大者 return 0;用带默认参数的函数实现。#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main()int max(int a,int b,int c=0); int a,b,c; cin>>a>>b>>c; cout<<"max(a,b,c)="<<max(a,b,c)<<endl; cout<<"max(a,b)="<<max(a,b)<<endl; return 0;int max(int a,int b,int c)if(b>a) a=b; if(c>a) a=c; return a;3、有5个字符串，要求对它们按由小到大顺序排列，用string方法。#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;int main() int i; string str5="BASIC","C","FORTRAN","C+","PASCAL" void sort(string ); sort(str); cout<<"the sorted strings :"<<endl; for(i=0;i<5;i+) cout<<stri<<" " cout<<endl; return 0;void sort(string s)int i,j; string t; for (j=0;j<5;j+) for(i=0;i<5-j;i+) if (si>si+1) t=si;si=si+1;si+1=t; 4、定义一个求两个数中较小值的函数模板min( )，要求在main( )函数中进行调用求两个浮点型数据和两个整型数据中较小的数。#include "iostream"#include "string"using namespace std;template<typename T>T min(T a,T b) return a<b?a:b;int main() int a=1, b=9; float c=1.23471,d=32.431564; cout<<"The min of "<<a<<" and "<<b<<" is "<<min(a,b)<<endl <<"The min of "<<c<<" and "<<d<<" is "<<min(c,d)<<endl; return 0;实验三 类和对象（一）一、实验目的1、掌握声明类的方法，类和类的成员的概念以及定义对象的方法。2、掌握类的构造函数与析构函数的概念和使用方法。3、初步掌握用类和对象编制基于对象的程序。二、实验要求1、分析下面的程序，写出其运行时的输出结果。#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Datepublic:Date(int,int,int);Date(int,int);Date(int);Date( );void display( );private:int month;int day;int year;DateDate(int m,int d,int y):month(m),day(d),year(y) DateDate(int m,int d):month(m),day(d) year=2005; DateDate(int m):month(m) day=1;year=2005;DateDate( ) month=1;day=1;year=2005;void Datedisplay( )cout<<month<</<<day<</<<year<<endl;int main( ) Date d1(10,13,2005);Date d2(12,30);Date d3(10);Date d4;d1.display( );d2.display( );d3.display( );d4.display( );return 0;/ 10/13/2005 12/30/2005 10/1/2005 1/1/20052、建立一个名为Student的类，该类有以下几个私有成员变量：学生姓名、学号、性别、年龄。还有以下两个成员变量：一个用于初始化学生姓名、学号、性别和年龄的构造函数，一个用于输出学生信息的函数。编写一个主函数，声明一个学生对象，然后调用成员函数在屏幕输出学生信息。#include "iostream"#include "string"using namespace std;class student public: student(); void display(); private: string sName,sNum; char chSex; int iAge;student:student(string na,string num,char s,int a):sName(na),sNum(num), chSex(s),iAge(a)void student:display() cout << "-THE INFORMATION OF STUDENT-n" cout << "name: "<< sName << endl << "number: "<< sNum<<endl << "sex: "<< chSex << endl << "age: "<< iAge <<endl;int main() student s("WangFang","",'w',20); s.display(); return 0;3、类Person的定义如下，请实现该类，并在主函数中创建对象obj，然后使用构造函数为obj赋予初始值（内容自定）。class Person private: char name10; int age; int salary; char tel8;public: Person(char *xname,int xage,int xsalary,char *xtel); void disp();解：#include <iostream.h>#include <string.h>Person:person(char *Xname,int Xage,int Xsalary,char *Xtel) strcpy ( name, xname);age=xage;salary=xsalary;strcpy (tel,xtel);void Person:disp() cout<<“ 姓名：”<<name<<endl;cout<<“ 年龄”：<<age<<endl;cout<<“ 工资”：<<salary<<endl:cout<<“ 电话”：<<tel<<endl;void main() Person obj (“张三”，25，850，“”)； ()实验四 类和对象（二）一、实验目的1、进一步加深对类和对象的理解。2、掌握对类的对象数组、对象的指针及其使用方法。3、掌握友元的概念和使用。4、了解类模板的使用方法。二、实验要求1、分析并比较下列程序运行的结果。程序一：#include<iostream.h>#include<iostream.h>class smallonepublic:smallone(int sma) cout<<"sm constr:"<<sma<<"n"void fn(int n) smallone sm(n);cout<<"in function fn with n="<<n<<endl;int main() fn(10); fn(20); return 0;/sm constr: 10in function fn with n=10sm constr: 20in function fn with n=20程序二：#include<iostream.h>#include<iostream.h>class smallonepublic:smallone(int sma) cout<<"sm constr:"<<sma<<"n"void fn(int n) static smallone sm(n);cout<<"in function fn with n="<<n<<endl; int main() fn(10); fn(20); return 0;/sm constr:10in function fn with n=10in function fn with n=202、建立一个对象数组，内放5个学生的数据（学号、成绩），设立一个函数max，用指向对象的指针作函数参数，在max函数中找出5个学生中成绩最高者，并输出其学号。#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Student public: Student(int n,float s):num(n),score(s) int num; float score; ;void main()Student stud5= Student(101,78.5),Student(102,85.5),Student(103,98.5), Student(104,100.0),Student(105,95.5); void max(Student* ); Student *p=&stud0; max(p); reyurn 0; void max(Student *arr)float max_score=arr0.score; int k=0; for(int i=1;i<5;i+) if(arri.score>max_score) max_score=arri.score;k=i; cout<<arrk.num<<" "<<max_score<<endl; 3、声明一个类模板，利用它分别实现两个整数、浮点数和字符的比较，求出大数和小数。#include <iostream>using namespace std;template<class numtype>class Compare public: Compare(numtype a,numtype b) x=a;y=b; numtype max() return (x>y)?x:y; numtype min() return (x<y)?x:y; private: numtype x,y; ;int main()Compare<int> cmp1(3,7); cout<<()<<" is the Maximum of two inteder numbers."<<endl; cout<<()<<" is the Minimum of two inteder numbers."<<endl<<endl; Compare<float> cmp2(45.78,93.6); cout<<()<<" is the Maximum of two float numbers."<<endl; cout<<()<<" is the Minimum of two float numbers."<<endl<<endl; Compare<char> cmp3('a','A'); cout<<()<<" is the Maximum of two characters."<<endl; cout<<()<<" is the Minimum of two characters."<<endl; return 0;实验五 运算符重载一、实验目的1、进一步了解运算符重载的概念和使用方法。2、掌握几种常用的运算符重载的方法。二、实验要求1、定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算法“+”，使之能用于复数的加法运算。将运算符重载为普通函数（非成员、非友元）、成员函数、友元函数。根据要求修改通过函数来实现复数相加的示例，分别编写程序，求两个复数之和。#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Complex /定义Complex类public: Complex(float x=0,float y=0)real=x;imag=y; /构造函数 Complex complex_add(Complex &c2); /声明复数相加函数 void display() cout<<real<<'+'<<imag<<'i'<<endl; ; private: float real; /实部 float imag; /虚部;Complex Complex:complex_add(Complex &c2) Complex c;c.real = real +c2.real;c.imag=imag+c2.imag;return c;int main() Complex complex1(3.34f, 4.8f), complex2(12.8f, 5.2f);Complex complex; /定义3个复数对象complex=ex_add(complex2); / 进行两个复数的加运算ay( ); return 0;/16.14+10i/普通函数（非成员、非友元）#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Complex public: Complex()real=0;imag=0; Complex(double r,double i)real=r;imag=i; double get_real(); double get_imag(); void display(); private: double real; double imag; ; double Complex:get_real()return real;double Complex:get_imag()return imag;void Complex:display()cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;Complex operator + (Complex &c1,Complex &c2) return Complex(c1.get_real()+c2.get_real(),c1.get_imag()+c2.get_imag();int main()Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3; c3=c1+c2; cout<<"c3=" c3.display(); return 0; /运算符重载为成员函数#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Complex public: Complex()real=0;imag=0; Complex(double r,double i)real=r;imag=i; Complex operator + (Complex &c2); void display(); private: double real; double imag; ;Complex Complex:operator + (Complex &c2)Complex c; c.real=real+c2.real; c.imag=imag+c2.imag;return c;void Complex:display()cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;int main()Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3; c3=c1+c2; cout<<"c1="c1.display(); cout<<"c2="c2.display(); cout<<"c1+c2="c3.display(); return 0;/将运算符重载为友元函数#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Complex public: Complex()real=0;imag=0; Complex(double r)real=r;imag=0; Complex(double r,double i)real=r;imag=i; friend Complex operator+ (Complex &c1,Complex &c2); void display(); private: double real; double imag; ;Complex operator+ (Complex &c1,Complex &c2) return Complex(c1.real+c2.real, c1.imag+c2.imag);void Complex:display()cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;int main()Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3; c3=c1+c2; cout<<"c1=" c1.display(); cout<<"c2=" c2.display(); cout<<"c1+c2=" c3.display(); return 0;实验六 继承和派生一、实验目的1、了解继承在面向对象程序设计中的重要作用。2、进一步理解继承与派生的概念。3、掌握通过继承派生出一个新的类的方法。4、了解虚基类的作用和用法。二、实验要求1、运行程序，分析构造函数与析构函数的调用顺序。程序一：#include <iostream.h>class A public: A()cout<<"A:Constructor"<<endl;A()cout<<"A:Destructor" <<endl;class B:public A public: B()cout<<"B:Constructor" <<endl; B()cout<<"B:Destructor"<<endl;void main() B b;/A:ConstructorB:ConstructorB:DestructorA:Destructor程序二：#include <iostream.h>class A int a;public :A(int aa=0) a=aa; A() cout<<”Destructor A!”<<a<<endl; ;class B: public A int b;public: B(int aa=0, int bb=0) : A(aa) b=bb; B() cout<<”Destructor B!”<<b<<endl; ;void main() B x(5),y(6,7);/Destructor B!7Destructor A!6Destructor B!0Destructor A!5调用顺序：构造x.A a=5 构造x.B a=5 b=0 构造y.A / 不匹配，不调用A（） 构造y.B a=6 b=7 析构y.B B!7 析构y.A A!6 析构x.B B!0 析构x.A A!52、分别声明Teacher（教师）类和Cadre（干部）类，采用多重继承方式由这两个类派生出新类Teacher_Cader类。要求：在两个基类种豆包含姓名、年龄、性别、地址、电话等数据成员。在Teacher类中还包含数据成员title（职称），在Cader 类中还包含数据成员post（职务）。在Teacher_Cader类中还包含数据成员wages（工资）。在对两个基类中的姓名、年龄、性别、地址、电话等数据成员用相同的名字，在引用这些数据成员时，指定作用域。在类体中声明成员函数，在类外定义数据成员。在派生类Teacher_Cader的成员函数show中调用Teacher类中的display函数，输出姓名、年龄、性别、职称、地址、电话，然后再调用cout语句输出职务和工资。#include<string>#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Teacher public: Teacher(string nam,int a,char s,string tit,string ad,string t); void display(); protected: string name; int age; char sex; string title; string addr; string tel;Teacher:Teacher(string nam,int a,char s,string tit,string ad,string t): name(nam),age(a),sex(s),title(tit),addr(ad),tel(t) void Teacher:display() cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl; cout<<"age"<<age<<endl; cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl; cout<<"title:"<<title<<endl; cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl; cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl; class Cadre public: Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string p,string ad,string t); void display(); protected: string name; int age; char sex; string post; string addr; string tel; ; Cadre:Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string p,string ad,string t): name(nam),age(a),sex(s),post(p),addr(ad),tel(t) void Cadre:display() cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl; cout<<"age:"<<age<<endl; cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl; cout<<"post:"<<post<<endl; cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl; cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl; class Teacher_Cadre:public Teacher,public Cadre public: Teacher_Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string tit,string p,string ad,string t,float w); void show( ); private: float wage; ; Teacher_Cadre:Teacher_Cadre(string nam,int a,char s,string t,string p,string ad,string tel,float w): Teacher(nam,a,s,t,ad,tel),Cadre(nam,a,s,p,ad,tel),wage(w) void Teacher_Cadre:show( ) Teacher:display(); cout<<"post:"<<Cadre:post<<endl; cout<<"wages:"<<wage<<endl; int main( ) Teacher_Cadre te_ca("Wang-li",50,'f',"prof.","president","135 Beijing Road,Shanghai","(021)",1534.5); te_ca.show( ); return 0;实验七 多态性和虚函数一、实验目的1、了解多态性的概念。2、了解虚函数的作用及其使用方法。3、了解静态关联和动态关联的概念和用法。4、了解纯虚函数和抽象类的概念和用法。二、实验要求1、分析程序运行结果，掌握虚函数的使用。程序一：#include <iostream.h>class ONE public: virtual void f()cout<<"l"<<endl;class TWO:public ONE public: TWO()cout<<"2"<<endl;class THREE:public TWO public: virtual void f()TWO:f(); cout<<"3"void main() ONE aa, *p; TWO bb; THREE cc; p = &cc; p->f();/2213程序二：#include<iostream.h>class Base public:virtual void fn() cout <<"In Base Classn"class SubClass :public Base public: virtual void fn() cout <<"In Sub Classn" ;void main() Base bc,*p;SubClass sc;p=&bc; p->fn();p=&sc; p->fn();/In Base ClassIn Sub Class2、实现一个类A，在A中有两个私有的整型变量a和b，定义构造函数对a和b进行初始化，并实现成员函数geta（）取得a的值和getb（）取b的值。实现类B从A继承，覆盖geta（），使其返回a的2倍。主函数中声明类B对象，调用类B中的geta（）并将结果输出。#include "iostream"using namespace std;class A private: int a; i