国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案 .doc

KeyChapter1I. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of nationalborders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but alsoencompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism,banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications.It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such businessrelationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment andMultinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all internationaleconomic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) andthe rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usuallymeans high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims atgaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often gethigher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarilyfor financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more fundsfrom one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC(the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and theenvironments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firms products andservices and by customers capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operationsusually take the least commitment and least risk of a firms resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as fortrademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencingties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of atrademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力 11 经济复苏；恢复2 潜在销售量 12 经济衰退3 加价，涨价 13 间接投资4 国内市场 14 有形货物5 制成品 15 有形进出口6 边际利润 16 收入及支出；岁入及岁出7 市场占有率 17 超额能力8 贸易歧视 18 贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9 时机选择 19 全部包建的工程承包方式10 经销周期 20 许可证协定IV Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the engine of growth. However oversimplified this metaphormay be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process ofgrowth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition forrapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two isclearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways.Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of internationalcompetition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for theimports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in onecountry for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visibletrade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is alsoinvisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nationssuch as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportationservice. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to somenations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, thenations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive salemeans the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particularproduct in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of businesstransaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sellthe product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss.Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. Anddifference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusiveseller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs.Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production andreproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on abarter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goodsof another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat acountrys import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive indeveloping countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreignfunds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Chapter2I. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying; 2.agent, foreign/overseas; mission; 4.own; 5.setting;6.patent; 7.profits; 8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiarylate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economicallyself-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for hisown needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division oflabor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, andtherefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, anotherfished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited fromthe variety of diet.In todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations areself-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economicresources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation ofinternational trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for manyreasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commoditiesthan it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copperare mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum isrecovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their ownboundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of aparticular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer ofsugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japanhas been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it canproduce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United Statesto buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though theUnited States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports largequantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is amarket for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, amixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exportsthan on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that theyneed and want. A nations balance of payment is a record of these complextransactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is ableto combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures,and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items asmanufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, andthe hiring of construction engineers.Chapter3I. Translate the followings from Chinese into English:1 terms of payment 2 written form of contract3 execution of the contract 4 sales contract5 purchase confirmation 6 terms of transaction7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract13 the contracting parties 14 special clause15 general terms and conditionsII. Answer the following questions in English:1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevantparties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued andforced to make compensation.2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. Theformer refers to direct discussions abroad; written negotiations often begin withenquiries made by the buyers.3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreementand as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailedthan a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually usedfor smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any othertype of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contractis indicated in the title; 2) the contract proper. It is the main part of a contract; 3) thesignature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer; 4)the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon thecontracting parties.5 It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described inaddition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality,specifications, packing methods, insurance, commodity inspection, claims, arbitrationand force majeure, etc.III. Translate the following into Chinese:合同是在双方达成协议的基础上制定的，而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。商务谈判有口头谈判和书面谈判两种形式。口头谈判是通过参加商品交易会，派遣贸易小组，出国或邀请客户本国进行的面对面讨论，而通过国际长途电话所进行的商务讨论也属于口头谈判。IV. Case Study1 The law of the United States of America applies to this contract because: (a)this was a CIF contract; (b) the place of conclusion of the contract was in the USA; (c)the place of the execution of the contract was also in the USA. The seller completedthis responsibilities after he delivered the goods at the port of the USA.2 This contract was not concluded effectively. Item 1 of Article 19 of the CISGindicates, " A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but containsadditions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection to the offer and constitutes acounter-offer.In this case, though Mr. Johnson accepted Mr. Anderson's offer, his acceptancecontained some additions to and modifications of the offer; for example, Mr.Anderson asked for " telegraphic transfer", Mr. Johnson sent the money to the bank tobe kept there. According to Item 3 of Article 19 of the CISG, alteration to the mode ofpayment is material one, thus Mr. Johnson might keep silent and reject the acceptance.Chapter4I (Omited)II 1) F. Price terms, or trade terms, are used to indicated the different liabilities,cost and risks of the buyer and the seller.2) F. Warsaw-Oxford rules specialize in explaining CIF contracts.3) T.4) T.5) F. On CIP terms the sellers responsibilities end when he hands over thegoods to the carrier at the place of shipment, although he has to pay the freightrate and insurance premium.6) T.7) T.8) F. By CFR Landed is meant that the seller pays for unloading the goods at theport of discharge.9) T.10) F. On FAS terms the seller needs only to put the goods within the reach of theships tackle. He is not responsible for loading the goods on board.III. Judgmenta) Incorrect. On FOB terms the sellers responsibilities end when hedelivers the goods at the port of shipment, that is, at one of the ports inChina.b) Incorrect. On CIF terms the seller pays for transportation and insurancetill the goods reach the destination; the terms should be followed by theport of destination.c) Correct.d) Incorrect. On CIP terms the seller pays for transportation and insurancetill the goods reach the destination; the terms should be followed by theport of destination.e) Correct.f) Correct.g) Incorrect. On FOB terms the sellers responsibilities end when hedelivers the goods at the port of shipment, that is, at one of the ports inChina.h) Incorrect. On DES terms the seller must put the goods under the actualcontrol of the buyer at the port destination; a port of destination shouldbe attached to DES.i) Incorrect. On DDP terms the seller must physically deliver the goods tothe buyer at a named place in the import country, that is, a named placeof destination should be added to DDP terms.j) Correct.IV. Translation1) please refer to INCOTERMs (199002) you must load the goods on board in accordance with the stipulations of theINCOTERMS3) In reference to the consignment of June 54) but our business is on cash payment whether the customs are new or old5) meeting each other halfway and allowing you a 10% discount6) the lowest FOB Liverpool prices of the following articles.7) Our prices are subject to change without notice8) As this is a big order, we hope you can make a 5% discount off the list price9) Because of the frequent change of the market prices, it is not possible for usto keep the prices open for a whole week10) to receive your cable offer of July 15 for 300 dozen shirts of sampleNo.1302 CIF New York at USD 35 per dozenV. Case Study1) It was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. In this case,the contract concluded between the seller and the buyer was on CIF terms,according to which, the sellers responsibilities ended when he loaded thegoods on board the ship and paid the freight and insurance premium; the riskseparation was the side of the ship; that is to say, the risks were transferred tot