公共英语等级考试三级PETS3学习笔记 .doc

公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（三）Unit 6 Eating and DrinkingDialogues /monologues:1、 Im in a hurry.我得赶紧。 “in a hurry”指匆忙，有时用作口语也表示轻易地做好某件事情。2、 These days the most sought-after tables are hidden away, several floors above ground, in the citys high-rise apartments, which are run by chefs out of their own homes or from rented spaces.这句话的意思我翻译为：目前，很多广受欢迎的餐馆总是藏匿在公寓大厦地面上方的楼层，就在厨师们自家门口或是租的空地外面营业。3、 Merely requesting a reservation can be as difficult as getting one.哪怕是仅仅要求预定(房间)都有可能象真要得到它一样那么难。4、 Exclusively is the main attraction for customers in a city that is still obsessed with status.独有性(专用权)是吸引城市消费者的主要因素，因为人们还是会被身份地位(带来的虚荣感)所迷惑的。5、 I cant make up my mind about what to have for dessert.make up ones mind：下决心、作决定。本句的意思是：餐后吃什么甜点，我还没能做出决定。Passage:The ladies were puzzled. Cheryl Spangler, Valeria Borunda Jameson and Susan Puckett, three university-admissions workers on a training visit to Florence, Kentucky, had walked into a local barbecue joint called Chung Kiwha. But instead of sauce-covered mutton served up from the kitchen, they saw a buffet of uncooked meats and vegetables. Instead of knives and forks, they were given large scissors, chopsticks and metal tongs. No candle flickered at their table, but a bucket of fiery wood charcoal hissed in the tabletop grill pit. Chung Kiwha served barbecue, all rightcook-it-your-self Korean barbecue. “I didnt realize there were restaurants like this,” marveled Spangler to her friends, who hail from Knoxville, Tennessee, and I worked in restaurants for 20 years.The secret is out, thanks to the growing popularity of restaurants where the customer is the chef. Long a staple of immigrant communities in big cities, restaurants where diners chop, grill, boil, or dip their dip their food are hot in the American heartland. St.Paul, Minnesota, has Thai hot-pot cooking. Indianapolis, Indiana, has Japanese shabu-shabu (another type of hot pot). A pizzeria in Las Vegas lets customers roll the dough.Why would people bother going out to cook their own meal? “Americans want control,” says Hudson Riehle, senior vice president of research for the National Restaurant Association. “The cook-it-your-self experience embodies the American values of freedom of choice and independence.” With families spending 46% of their food budget on meals outside the home, they miss the cooking experiencesort of. “Psychologically, people want to be a little involved,” says Pamela Parseghian, executive food editor at Nations Restaurant News.Not every diner, however, embraces the experience. Dragged in by enthusiastic wives, “men often sit with their arms crossedthat is, until we fill them up with good wine,” says Will Layfield, owner of the Melting Pot in Westwood, New Jersey. At the Vinoklet, diner Grey Schafer says, “I dont cook at home, and if Im going to pay good money, I want someone to do the cooking for me.” Whats more, do-it-your-self dining isnt cheap. At the Minturn Country Club in Minturn, Colorado, Kobe beef costs $49.95uncooked. Still, restaurant-owners insist that the customer knows best. “Who knows what to them is rare?” says Mikulic, owner of Vinoklet. “This way, if they screw it up, I get no complaints.” Back at Chung Kiwha in Florence, diner Puckett sees it this way: “We dont have to clean up, do we?.”参考译文:这些女士有些迷惑不解。谢丽尔.斯潘格勒，维丽瑞尔.波兰达.达姆森，和苏珊.帕克特是大学招生工作人员。在肯塔基州的弗罗伦斯培训时，她们走进了当地一家叫做强.吉瓦的烧烤酒吧去吃饭。然而，他们看到的并不是从厨房端出来抹好了酱的羊肉，而是生肉和蔬菜。服务员给她们端上来的餐具也不是刀和叉，而是剪子、筷子和钳子。餐桌上没有闪烁的烛光，有的只是一桶在烧烤架上嘶嘶作响的燃烧着的木炭。强.吉瓦经营的是烤肉韩式自助烤肉。“我在餐馆里工作了20年，从来不知道还有这样的餐馆。”，来自田纳西州洛克思尔的斯潘格勒好奇地对她的朋友说道。由于就餐的客人就是厨师的餐馆数量在不断增加，秘密也就随之而被公开了。在美国中部大城市的主要移民聚集区，一些由顾客自己切、烤、煮、泡食物的餐厅非常火。明尼苏达州的圣.保罗有泰式火锅，印第安纳的印第安纳波利斯有日式涮锅(另外一种火锅)。拉斯维加斯的一家比萨店让顾客自己动手和面团。为什么人们不怕麻烦在饭店里自己动手做饭呢?国家酒店协会一个研究项目部的副主任哈德逊.瑞艾尔说，“美国人有很强的控制欲，这种自己动手做饭的体验表现了美国自主选择和独立的价值观。”对于那些把46%的饮食开销都用于在外面吃饭的家庭来说，他们有点怀念自己动手做饭的体验。“从心理学角度来说，人们想要参与进来。”帕米拉.帕斯伊恩这样说，他是国家酒店新闻报食品专栏的主编。然而，并不是每个去饭店吃饭的人都渴望有这种体验。男人们被充满热情的妻子拉进饭店。“他们常常是双臂交叉地坐在那儿也就是说，直到我们用好酒填满他们的肚子。”新泽西州威斯伍德一家叫做坩埚店的餐馆老板威尔.雷菲尔德说到。在维诺克利特餐厅，一名叫格瑞德.斯凯夫的就餐者说，“我在家从不做饭。如果在外面吃饭要花好多钱的话，我就希望别人来为我做。”此外，在自助餐厅吃饭并不便宜。在科罗拉多州明特恩乡村俱乐部，一份生的神户牛排要49.95美元。餐馆的老板仍然坚持说顾客清楚自己想要什么。“谁知道对他们来说，什么样才是适合他们的?”维诺克利特的老析米库利科说道，“这样，如果他们兴致很高，我也不落抱怨。”我们再回头说说弗罗伦斯的强.吉瓦吧，在那儿就餐的帕克特这样看问题：“最起码我们不需要收拾碗筷，不是吗?”Unit 7 Food cultureDialogues /monologues:1、 Cooking at table side has always been part of traditional haute cuisine, or art of cooking.art of cooking:烹饪术，例：art of defense: 武术。2、 Im a very cook.这里应该翻译为：我是一个绝对的厨师。3、 Stir the mixture until it leaves sides of the bowl.直译：与碗边脱离，即不沾碗边。引申义：就是要求充分搅匀.4、 Roll the crust mixture into a round shape.roll into: 卷成, 使合为一体。将外面的蛋糕皮混合物卷成一团。5、 Yes, the apple pie is ready to serve.be ready to: 预备, 即将是的，苹果派可以预备供应/享用了。Passage:What should be more French than an outdoor market on a sunny Sunday morning? The air is filled with vital fragrances from the fruits and vegetables piled high in the greengrocers creative layouts. A trace of the Atlantic blows off the shellfish on the fishmongers bed of ice.This, you think, is the very essence of France, until read those little signs that tell you the tomatoes (which are really pretty tasteless) come from Moroccan hothouses, the grapes from South Africa, and the kiwis from Chile.For generations, the French have prided themselves on their distinctiveness. Nothing has stood for Frances sense of exceptionalism more famously than its cooking. Gallic talent, taste and techniques have been exported all over the world. And therein lies part of the problem. From the Thames to Tokyo, non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. Meanwhile, what was mediocre elsewhere has been imported. (Believe it or not, one restaurant associate with a famous Paris chef serves steak with a sauce thats indistinguishable from the stuff on a Big Mac.) The result: many touristsas well as the French themselvesno longer see whats so special about French cooking.The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices. More and more restaurants-owners say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have got stuck in the red tape for which France is infamousnot to mention regulations from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie cheese. Many warn that expanding the European Union to the east will hurt small French farmers, who remain the backbone of traditional cuisineand, hence French identity: Unfortunately for the French, there are few reassuring answers to these questions.Frances problem isnt the lack of creativity, but rather an unfavorable political environment for creativity. If youre choked by bureaucracy and taxes, as so much of France is, “there is not much you can do,” says Raymond Blanc, born in the Jura region of France and chef of the two-star hotel-restaurant Manoir aux Quatsaisons. “I can open a business in England in five days. In France it would take three months.” The manoir aux Quatsaisons, by the way, is in Oxford, Britain, Frances ancient rival. And, when it comes to cooking, a future one as well.参考译文:还有什么比晴朗的周日上午的露天市场更具法国风情呢?空气中满是水果和蔬菜的香味，这些水果和蔬菜被商贩们摆放得极具创意。鱼贩子们冰床上的新产品还带着大西洋的痕迹。你可能会认为这就是法国的精髓所在，直到你看到那些小标签上标明西红柿(真的很难吃)是摩洛哥的温室里培养出来的，葡萄是从南非出产的，而猕猴桃的产地则是智利。对于几代法国人来说，他们都为自己的独特而感到骄傲。没有什么比烹饪更能代表法国的优越性。法国人的烹饪天赋、品味以及技术已经遍及世界各地，但是却存在着问题。从泰晤士到东京，非法国本土厨师已经破解出了最高水平法式烹饪的秘诀。与此同时，其他地方平庸的烹饪技艺被引入法国。(信不信由你，一家号称有巴黎名厨的餐馆做牛排用的酱料与做巨无霸所用的酱料别无两样。)其结果是：许多游客连同法国人自己根本就看不出法国烹饪到底有什么特别。这种衰落与最近一项调查吻合。这项调查显示人们对法式烹饪的平庸及高价的抱怨在不断增加。越来越多的餐馆老板声称政府的税收和经济政策使他们的利润减少，因而削弱了他们进一步投资或者雇用更多员工的能力。他们陷入繁文缛节使得法国声名狼籍更不用提布鲁塞尔的那些条条框框，从销售税到布里干酪里的细菌含量，这些条条框框的影响远处不在。许多人警告说，欧盟东扩会损害法国小农场主的利益，而这些人是法国传统烹饪的支柱因此出现了法国的身份问题。让法国人感到不幸的是，对于这些问题，至今没有找到让人放心的解决办法。法国的问题并不在于缺少创造性，而是政治环境不利于创造性的发展。如果官僚作风和税收压得你透不过气来，就像法国一样，“你根本就没办法有所作为。”瑞蒙德.布朗说道，他出生在法国的钕拉地区，现在是一家叫做四季庄园的二星级宾馆的主厨。“在英国，我能在五天之内开店，而在法国则要花上三个月时间。”顺便说一句，四季庄园开在英国的牛津，法国的老对手那里。在烹饪方面，英国在未来仍将是法国的竞争对手。Unit 8 At HomeDialogues /monologues:1、 Karen has just had her house redecorated.凯瑞刚让人把房子重新装修。注意这里的用法，had sth done 强调的是让别人做了什么例：I had my clothes washed.(我让人把衣服洗了)2、 The architect and Tom put there heads together to discuss what we wanted and what was possible.put heads together：共同商量、集思广益。建筑师和提姆共同商讨以可行的方式来满足我们的需求。3、 After a few meetings, they came up with some super idea that everybody agreed with.come up with：提出、拿出。经过一会儿的交谈，他们拿出了一些大家都同意的好点子。4、 But the rest of it was surprisingly expensive.the rest：其余者。It：代指装修所用的材料。但是其余的材料简直便宜得让人吃惊。5、 We were able to make do with the materials we already have.make do with：设法应付。我们设法将我们已经拥有的材料都用上了。6、 I made up some of the curtains and pillows on the couch form mere sheets.make up ：在这里指做缝制.编织.我缝制了一些窗帘和睡椅靠垫，仅仅是用一些床单做的.7、 Its funny how people can find solution after they kick something around for a while.kick something around：直译将什么东西踢来踢去。引申意讨论。人们怎样通过暂时的讨论之后，就能找到解决方法是件有趣的事情。8、 Youre on your own.on one's own：独立地、独自地。本句的意思为：你自己玩吧!9、 Id like to concentrate on getting the best score ever on this game.concentrate on：精中(精力)、全神贯注于我将集中精力在这个游戏上取得最好的分数。注意even在这里的用法10、No matter how busy you are, always take time out to check that your child hasn't gotten hold ofsomething that could hurt him.take time out to：暂停下来。Get hold of：抓住、得到。11、But quit my job and took up housekeeping the year after my marriage. Daily household chores keepme on my toes; Im delighted all day long.take up：开始从事。 on ones toe ：准备行动。 all day long：一整天。keep me on my toes：让我保持活力的状态，结合句意就：一刻也闲不着，乐此不疲。我的翻译是：但是自从我结婚以后，便放弃了工作，开始打理家务。每天的家务琐事让我乐此不疲。我一整天都眉天眼笑的。12、“in a moment”与 “or so”一个表示“立刻”，一个表示“大约”。都是形容时间的。13、That's the “tremendous business” for me out of the three meals a day, for, except for the weekends,we have only this meal together. Besides, he always has his lunch in a neglected way at his workplace.这句话我的翻译是：那对于我来说，是除了三顿饭以外，最为重大的事情。因为，除了周末，我们只能在一起吃一顿正餐。此外，他总是在他的工作场所，很轻率的打发他的午餐。Passage:Mrs. Chambers sits comfortably in her armchair, enjoying a cup of coffee. She has the right to relax. She has had a long and very busy life.Mrs. Chambers has retired now to a small house in Bangor, a popular seaside town not far from Belfast. But for most of her life she lived in the country. Her husbands farm was on an island in the middle of Strangford Lake. There, Mrs. Chambers baked bread twice a week, made jam every summer, and put her husbands dinner on the table at twelve 0clock exactly every day. The island farm had been owned by the Chambers family for may years, passing on from father to son. It was a quiet and beautiful place to live. They grew potatoes and vegetables, and kept hens and cows. When Mr. Chambers died, his son took on the farm, Mrs. Chambers moved away.She takes another sip of coffee, and smiles as she remembers people from the past. “The old lady down the road thought she had a ghost in the house,” she says, “but it was only old Tom MaAleer, frightening her for fun.” The memories come fast. “Twenty men, they had, only tem years ago, to bring in the potato crop. Young Hugh has a machine now. He only needs five.”Its time for the news on TV. Mrs. Chambers wants to see the racing results. She won quite a lot of money last week. Next month shes going down to Tipperary in the Republic of Ireland. The horse-racing there is wonderful. She finds it hard to stay away. But before the racing results theres another item of news. A bomb has exploded in Belfast. Several people have been killed. Mrs. Chambers shakes her head. “Theyre all crazy,” she says. “Its just a few who make all the trouble. The rest of us want to live in peace. Weve all got life long friends from both sides. And most of the time we never talk about the trouble.”The racing results come on. She leans forward to watch. For her, ordinary everyday life is the most important thing.参考译文:乔柏斯太太舒服地坐在扶手椅里，享受着一杯咖啡。她有权利放松，她已经过了很长时间的忙碌生活了。现在乔柏斯太太已经退休了，住在班戈区的一所小房子里。班戈区是贝尔法斯特附近一个广受喜爱的海边小城。但是在生命中的大部分时间里，她都住在农村。她丈夫在斯福德湖中间的一座岛上有一个农场。乔柏斯太太每周都烤两次面包，每个夏天都要做果酱，每天12点准时把丈夫的午饭摆在桌上。岛上的那个农场属于乔柏斯家族已经很多年了，是从父辈传下来的。那是个安静美丽的地方。他们自己种土豆和蔬菜，还养母鸡和奶牛。乔柏斯先生去世后，他的儿子接管了农场，乔柏斯太太搬离了那里。她喝了口咖啡。想起以前那些人的时候，她笑了。“住在路尽头的那个老太太以为自己房子里有鬼，”她说，“其实那只是老汤姆.麦艾里尔唬她逗她玩的。”记忆被快速的唤醒。“仅仅在十年前，他们请了二十个人来挖土豆。年轻的休现在有了自己的机器，他只需要五个人。”现在到电视新闻时间了。乔柏斯太太想看看跑马比赛的结果。她上个礼拜赢了一大笔钱。她下个月要去爱尔兰的蒂帕雷里，那里的跑马比赛很精彩，她发现自己很难不参与进去。但是在比赛结果公布之前还有另外一则新闻：贝尔法斯特发生了一起爆炸，几个人被炸死了。乔柏斯太太摇了摇头。“他们疯了”她说，“制造麻烦的只是少数人，我们其余的人都想过平静的生活。我们都有来自双方的终身朋友(双方指天主教徒和新教徒)，多数时候我们从不谈论烦心事。”比赛结果出来了。她倾着身子去看。对她来说，普通平凡的日常生活才是最重要的。Unit 9 At WorkDialogues /monologues:1、 TUC：(Trades Union Congress)英国劳工联合会。2、 This should remind Britains employers just how much they depend on the good-will and voluntary extra work of their staff, the TUC says.just ：起强调语气的作用-(是否)可以翻译成”正是”，全句是：这会提醒英国的雇主们自己是怎样依赖于怀着善意且自愿加班工作的员工。英国劳工联合会说到。3、 And if it makes people and employers think a bit harder about organizing a better work-life balance, so much the better.organizing：在这里我将它翻译成营造。全句是：如果它能够让职员与雇主充分考虑一下营造一个更好的工作、生活平衡点，那是最好不过了。4、 It is often said that more business is done during social events than at the office.is done 这里是被动语态。 生意当然是被做的咯。全句是：经常有人说在社交场合做成的生意比在办公室里做成的多。5、 One person out of eight in labor force is said to be employed by a government unit on the state or local level. is that the case?全句是：据说，八分之一的劳动力被政府部们或地方国有企业录用。 是那么回事吗?Passage:The Unite States supplies a larger share of the international trade than any other nation in the world. The transactions of trade between countries are often kept in American dollars, and payments are frequently made in American currency as well. Many American banks have established branches in important commercial centers overseas to handle the business that results from world trade. Similarly, many foreign banks also have branches in the United States.The United States has many trading partners; one that has become increasingly important in recent years is China. The city of Shanghai in eastern China is one of the worlds great seaports and has also become active in both manufacturing and finance in the world. Many American banks have set up offices there. John William is the manager of one of these branch banks in Shanghai.John majored in accounting and business administration in Harvard. After graduation he got a job with a large New York bank. After two years in accounting, he was transferred to the loan involved international transactions. Some of them were so complicated that John felt he didnt have a broad enough background to understand them. To get more experience, he asked for a transfer to the banks international department. He became so expert in international finance tha