+Unit2+work+and+paly总结 牛津上海版英语八年级上册.docx

Unit 2 Work and playsimilaradj .相像的;类似的【拓】similarity n.相似;类似(be) similar to与 相类似的【近】be alike to.与 相似expectv.预料;预期【短语】expect to do sth.期盼做某事businessn.生意;公司【短语】on business因公出差*whizz-kidn.神童;有为青年successfuladj ,有成效的;成功的【拓】succeed V.成功，达成success n.成功胜利successful adj.成功的 successfully adv,成功地，顺利的unsuccessful adj.不成功的【短语】be successful in在上成功put on穿上;戴上【反】take off脱下;起飞luckilyadv,幸运地;幸好【反】unluckily adv.不幸地【近】fortunately adv.幸运地popularadj .受喜爱的;受欢迎的【短语】be popular with受的欢迎/喜爱【拓】unpopular adj.不受欢迎的联想popularity n.受欢迎，流行，普及responsibleadj .有责任;负责;承担义务【拓】responsibility n责任irresponsible adj.不负责任的，不可靠的(be) responsible for 对负责【近】in charge of = take charge of 对负责salen.销售;出售；降价出售，大 减价【拓】salesman推销员【短语】on sale降价出售;促销for sale待售clientn.客户;委托人【近】customer n.顾客boringadj .没趣的;令人厌倦的【句型】It's boring to do sth.做某事很无聊【拓】bored adj.无聊的，厌倦的simpleadj ,简单的;易于理解的【近】easy adj.容易的achieveV.（凭长期努力）达到（某目标）【拓】achievement n.成就【短语】achieve one's purpose达到目的/目标I .Choose the best answer。单项选择。()1. Now the train service is very good, The trains are on time.A.hardlyB.alwaysC.neverD.sometimes()2. I don't know if it tomorrow. If it , I will not go fishing.A.rains; will rain B. will rain; rains C.will rain; rain D.rains;rains()3.-What does your sister like doing in her spare time?She watching TV.A.likesB.likedC.has likedD.had liked()4.-Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now, ?，she becomes well-known because of her success on Britain's Got Talent.A.do they; No B.do they;YesC.don't they; NoD.don't they;Yes()5.Don't talk loudly at the meeting. If you , you will have to leave.A.areB.doC.didD.can()6.She always finishes her homework on time. She leaves it till tomorrow.A.alwaysB.neverC.usuallyD.sometimes()7. You will realize the importance of mastering a foreign language in the future.A.some time B.some times C.sometimes D.sometimeII Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words用所给单词的适当形式填空。I.My father loves Beijing Opera very much. He (watch) it on TV every day.2 .-How (length) is the river? -It's about 200 metres long3 .He (go) to see his grandparents (two) a week.4 .Our teacher (expect)us to find a good job when we leave school.【话题写作指导】：写作话题：本单元的写作主题是根据所给的语言提示写信。在写这种类型的作文时，一方面 要紧扣语言提示，保证要点齐全;另一方面要注意书信的格式。写作实例背景设定:康康的加拿大朋友Michael想了解康康家乡的变化。假如你是康康,请根据以下提 示给 Michael回一封电子邮件。过去生活条件差，道路狭窄,车辆少，住不好,吃不饱，联系简单、慢现在生活条件优越，道路宽,车辆多，住得舒适，手机普及。要求:1 .围绕以上内容进行合理表述；2 .所表述的内容必须包含表中的所有方面；3 .词数80左右,格式和开头语已给出（不计人总词数）。参考词¥匚：living conditions, narrow, be crowded into, communications（通讯）.telegram, thanks to, rapidly, comfortable, mobile phone, policyDear Michael,You want to learn the changes about my hometown. You know, great changes have taken place since over 70 years ago.In the past, the Chinese people's living conditions were very bad. There were not many buses or cars, and the roads were narrow. Usually, a big family was crowded into a small, dark house. Most families couldn't get enough food. The communications were simple and slow. People kept in touch with others far away mainly by letter or telegram.Thanks to the government, our hometown has developed rapidly in recent years. The living conditions are much better and more comfortable. The roads are wide. Some people have their own cars. Most of the people have lived in big new houses. Quite a few adults have their own mobile phones. Because of many good policies, I think our lives will become better and better.Yours sincerely;KangkangfailV.（考试）不及格【拓】failure n.失败短语fail (in)=not pass=be not able to pass an exam没能通过考试examn.考试【短语】English exam英语考试；Chinese exam语文考试；mid-term exam期中考试【近】examinationreturnv.回来;回去;返回【短语】return to sp.=go back to sp.返回某地return sth.to sb=give sth.back to sb,把某物还给某人attendV.出席;参加【短语】attend a meeting出席会议；attend school上学;attend a lecture听课;听讲座【近】take part injoin, enter forassistV.帮助【拓】assistant n.助手continueV.持续;继续做【近】go on;keep onseldomadv.不常;很少;难得【同类词】always总是；usually通常;often经常；sometimes 有时;never 从不usualadj ,通常的丁惯常的【拓】unusual adj,不寻常的usually adv.通常【短语】as usual像往常一样repeatv.重复【拓】repetition n.重复【短语】repeat after sb.跟某人重复（朗读）explainv廨释;说明【拓】explanation n.解释;说明【短语】explain sth.to sb.或 explain 十(wh-或 that)从句energyn.能重【短语】new energy resource新能源【近】power n.力量【拓】energetic adj,有活力的celln.细胞；小牢房【短语】red blood cell红细胞;stem cell干细胞;骨髓干细胞cell phone = mobile phone 手机forcen.（物理）力v.强迫;迫使【短语】by force凭借武力;put sth. into force使生效;实施force sb.to do sth.迫使某人做某事heatn.热;温度v.加热;使变热【拓】hot adj,热的【短语】heat up变热;变暖physicaladj.身体的【拓】psychological adj.心理的【短语】physical change物理变化；physical training 体能训练articlen.文章【短语】write an article写一篇文章；current news articles时事新闻类文章【知识拓展】：1 . do house work 做家务 make the bed 铺床 have a shower 洗淋浴2 .常见的频度副词always总是usually通常often经常、尝尝sometimes有时seldom不常;很少;难得hardly (ever)几乎不never从不【辨析】:1. boring 与 bored1) boring意为令人厌烦的，常指事物的特征或性质。eg. I don't like Maths because it's too boring.我不喜欢数学，因为它太无聊了 2)bored意为厌烦的，主语常为人，指人具有的感受。eg. The girl is bored with her job because she does the same thing every day.这个女孩很讨厌她的工作，因为她每天做同样的事情工2. simple 与 easyDsimple所指的简单，是指单一的;不复杂的eg. He lives a simple life.他过着简单的生活2)easy意为不难的;容易的。eg. This is an easy book.这是一本易读的书。3. exam, test 与 quizl)exam的完整形式是examination,通常指正式的考试，如期末考试学考试等eg. The students are busy preparing for the final exam.学生们正忙着为期末考试做准备。2) test指检测;小考;考查;考验eg. We have to take a test in English every week,我们每周都得参加一次英语考试。3)quiz指测验，特指无事先准备的、随时进行的检测。eg. The teacher gave us a five minutes' quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的测验。attend,take part in,join in, enter for 与 joinl)attend 一般指出席某种正式场合，如参加会议；eg. Leaders from different countries all over the world attended the meeting in Shanghai.来 自世界各国的领导人出席了在上海举行的这次会议。2)take part in往往指参加某种活动;作为“参加活动之意Join in和take part in常可替换eg. I will take part in/join in the coming sports meeting.我将参加即将召开的运动会。3)join指加人某一组织或团体;作为加入组织、团体之意,只能用join。如果宾语为人，一般 也只能用joinoeg. My brother joined the army last year 我弟弟去参军了。4)enter for指报名参加某种比赛项目；eg. Simon will enter for the high jump.西蒙将会报名参加跳高比赛5 .before 与 ago表示时间都有以前的意思，但这两个词有区别l)before指过去某时间的以前，有那时以前的意思;ago是以现在为基准的现在以前eg. I worked on the farm two years ago.两前我在那个农场里工作。I had met him three years before.三年前我见过他。2)before常与现在完成时连用;ago常与一般过去时连用。eg. I have never met him before.我以前从未见过他。He left ten minutes ago.十分钟前他走了。3)ago不能用在名词前构成词组，必须放在名词后构成词组。6 .article9 essay 与 paperDarticle指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章,包括新闻报道、学术论文等eg.The newspaper article gave a description of the earthquake.报纸上的这篇文章描述了 地震 的情况。2)essay指任何一种非小说性的，篇幅不长结构简练的文章，如论文报道评论讽刺性杂文等。eg. There was a prize for the best essay on Shakespeare in the city.这个城市设立了莎士比亚的 优秀论文奖。3)paper多指高等学校的学期论文或学校里的试卷eg. The teacher is reading Tom's English paper老师正在审阅汤姆的英语答卷7 .take, bring 与 carryl)take是把某人或某物从说话者身边带走，即拿走;带走2) bring是从别处将某物或某人带到说话者这里来，即拿来;带来3)carry指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方，不涉及方向，强调搬运【重点句子全解】：1 .Wendy Wang,15, must be one of the top students in the city.(教材 p.21)15岁的王温迪一定是本市的优秀生之一(l)must be肯定是，表示对现在情况的肯定猜测。eg. The two girls must be twins, for they look just the same.这两个女孩肯定是双胞胎，因为她们看起来简直一模一样。【拓】can't be不可能是，表示对现在情况的否定猜测。(2)oneofthe+形容词最高级十可数名词复数意为"最之一eg. Jim is one of the tallest students in our class,在我们班吉姆是最高的学生之一【提示】one of结构作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。eg. One of my questions is how to learn English well 我的其中一个问题是怎样学好英语。2 .,but some of the work is boring because it is too simple for me.（教材 p.21），但一些功课很乏味，因为对我来说它们太简单了。【提示】because"因为,表示直接原因，用于回答why的提问;because引导的从句一般放在 主句之后,也可单独存在。eg. He stayed at home because it was raining.因为下雨,所以他待在家里。3.1 seldom go to bed before 11.30 p.m.（教材p.21）我很少在晚上H点半之前睡觉。before prep.表示时间"在之前the day before yesterday 前天 before long 不久以后long before很早以前【拓展】before prep.表示位置“在前面;当着面"，相当于in the face of/in front of.【短语】before one's eyes在某人的眼前（2） before prep.表示次序在之前;先于。eg. Those with babies got on the tram before the others.带婴儿的人比别人先上电车。4.0nce or twice a week, the teachers take us to visit interesting places .（教材 p.32）每周两次, 老师带着我们去参观有趣的地方。"take+sth./sb.十to十地点，表示“把某物/某人带到某地去”eg. Could you please help me take the books to school?你能帮我把这些书带到学校去吗？5.1 often have a pain in my leg or arm,（教材p32）我的腿或胳膊经常痛，pain用作名词，意为疼痛;痛苦，表示某部位疼痛时,其后要用介词in。eg. Mary felt some pain in her eyes after the operation.手术之后，玛丽感觉眼睛有些疼。6.You must be tough in the circus.（教材p.32）在马戏团，你必须要坚强。must为情态动词,在本句中意为一定，与be连用表示十分肯定的推测eg. That must be a teacher.那个人一定是位老师【基础知识归纳】：常用短语l.once or twice a week 一周一次或两次16.achieve A grades 达到 A 级2.clean my teeth 清洁牙齿17.fail/pass an exam考试不及格/及格3.watch television 看电视18.return to school 返回学校4.ride a motorcycle 骑摩托车19.attend a club参加一个俱乐部5.play/write computer games 玩/编写电脑游戏20.get to school 到学校6.find out找出，查明21.do physical exercise 做体育锻炼7.be similar to 与 相似22.read magazines 读杂志8.be different from 与不同23.go jogging 去慢跑9.get up 起床24.wake up酉星来10.put on my school uniform 穿上校服25.get out of bed 起床11.have a family business 有一个家族企业26.train for 为 训练12.be responsible for 对负责27.have a pain in疼13.discuss the business 讨论生意28.have a rest 休息14.over breakfast 在早餐期间29.have a big crowd 有人群人15.make phone calls to our clients 给委托人打电话30.lose interest in 对.失去兴趣固定用法1.expect to do sth.期待做某事2.lt's+adj. for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事的。3.ask sb. to do sth.要（请）求某人做某事4.continue doing/to do sth.继续做同一件事/另一件事5.It's time to do/for sth.是做 的时候了6.take/drive sb.to sp.带/开车带某人去某地7.get/feel angry/bored/excited/happy 变得/感到生气/无聊/高兴8.practise/finish/enjoy doing sth,练习/完成/喜欢做某事【语法专项聚焦】：1. Simple Present Tense（一般现在时）（一）一般现在时的用法如下：用法例句表达现在存在的事 实、状态或动作等1 .Tom is an American.汤姆是一位美国人。2 .These flowers look very beautiful.这些花看起来很美。3.There goes the bell.铃响 了。表达长期存在的事 实、状态或动作等 即职业、习惯、能 力、习性、反复动 作或行为周期性活 动格言、俗语、真 理。1 .Miss Wang teaches in a school.王老师在学校教书2 .My mother gets up very early every morning.我的母亲每天早上都很早起床。3 .Tom learns very quickly.汤姆学习得很快4Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易碎5The bus runs every 15 minutes.这路公共汽车每15分钟开一班。6 .The early bird catches the worm,早起的鸟儿有虫吃7 .Two and two are(make) four.2 力口 2 得 4。在某些条件状语从 句、时间状语从句 中，一般现在时通 常可用来表示一般 将来时。1.He'll not come if it rains tomorrow.明天若下雨他就不来2.1 will tell you as soon as 1 see her.我一看到她就告诉你3.As long as you pass the exam,川reward you.只要你通过考试，我就会奖励你。一般现在时所指的现在其实其观念并非是绝对的。这里所指的现在是在表明说话时 存在着的事物，其时间既可以涵盖着过去，也将延伸到将来。eg. It is very hot today今天天气很热。（如果说话时间是在中午，本句话是在表明说话时 天气很热，实际上“天气热的现象在中午之前就已经开始存在，同时也将延伸到下午。）Dogs bark at strangers.狗看到陌生人就会吠。（这句话是在谈狗的习性，说话时不一定有 狗正在吠，而狗的这种习性可以追溯及远古，当然也将延伸到将来。）一般现在时通常和today, every time（every week, every year,）等时间副词一起使用。（二）一般现在时的否定句和疑间句需要加助动词，非第三人称单数用“do/don，t+动词原形”，第 三人称单数用"does/doesn、十动词原形”：非第三人称单数肯定句：l have lunch at home.否定句：l don't have lunch at home.疑问句:-Do you have lunch at home? Yes,I do./No,l don't.第三人称单数肯定句:He has lunch at school.否定句:He doesn't have lunch at school疑问句:-Does he have lunch at school? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.（三）一般现在时中，动词第三人称单数的变化规则：1 .一般动词在词尾加s（清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音后或元音后读/z/）2 .以-s,-x,-ch-sh或-o结尾的动词加-es（读/iz/）3 .以辅音字母加y结尾的动词冼变v为i,再加-es（读/z/）,如study-studies;以元音字母加y结尾的动词直接加-s（读/z/）,如obey-obeyso4 .频度副词（一）常见的频度副词按照其程度，依次为：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never（二）副词的基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子1 .副触词的位置：在实义动词之前；在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后；有多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后2 .副词短语的位置放在句首或句末。3. how long, how often, how soon, how far 用法区另llhow long通常是对一段时间提问，意思是“多长，多久eg. How long does he stay here? For 2 weeks.how often通常是对频度时间副词提问，意思是“多久（一次）eg. How often do you come to see me? Every other day.how soon 一般是对将来一段时间提问，意思是多久以后eg. How soon will you be back? In 5 minutes.how far 一般是对距离提问,意思是多远eg. How far is it from your home to school? -5 miles.语法专项练习: