2023年山东省临沂市苍山县考研《英语一》模拟试题含解析.docx

2023年山东省临沂市苍山县考研英语一模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When you concentrate, you focus on one thing and get other thoughts out of your mind. You concentrate on schoolwork, on sports, or on some music which requires serious effort. The point is that you think of only one at a time, do itand leave it behind you.to concentrate is important. Any adult will tell you they have at least a dozen things on their minds. Whenthey must complete a project by a certain day and hour, they concentrate on it and several people into a work team.This a clear focus on the workand on getting others to do their.Adults have a(n)life which may include a husband or a wife, children, and all the work of running a household. Supper must be and the broken back staircase must be fixed before someone gets. If a child is sick, he or shemust go to the.With all these things on their minds, how do adults the day? They know they cannot fight all their battles at one time,so they concentrate on the most task, get it done, and go onto the next.The martial arts (武术)you this kind of concentration. To do a movement, you must watch and imitate the master. Since you do not always get things right the first time, you must figure out your and correct it. The instructoris there to, but you are still responsible for your personal progress. As you move up in rank (等级)，more and more is demanded of you. The are increasingly complex. You have time in class and want to get the most from it.But since you have learned to concentrate on movements and get them right, you confidently accept一andmeet-these greater challenges.1、A. technicalB. politicalC. mentalD. social2、A. opinionB , personC. questionD. task3、A. LearningB , AgreeingC. PromisingD. Preparing4、A. sometimesB. alwaysC. hardlyD. probably5、A. organizeB orderC. sendD. divide6、A. offersB. changesC. adjustsD. requires7、A. lessonB , favoriteC. bestD. favor8、A. cityB. homeC. countryD. art9、A. soldB. eatenC- cookedD. bought20. BSection II Reading Comprehension2、1. D2. A3. B4. C3、1. B2. B3. C4. D4、1. C2. D3. D5、1. B2. D3. C4. A5. 1. helping2. greatly3. anger4. he5. the6. later7. to look8. but9. interested10. became7、1. that2. In3. be allowed4. goes5. a6. bored7. which8. mentally9. jogging10. reductionSection III Translation8、1. C2. G3. A4. D5. E9、1. D2. A3. G4. B5. C10、A. hurtB. cheatedC. punishedD. beaten11、A. professorB , movieC. classD. doctor12、A. refer toB , dream ofC. get throughD. hope for13、A. pleasantB. hopefulC. difficultD. urgent14、A. teachB. lendC , leaveD. spare15、 A. quicklyB. correctlyC - carefullyD. graciously16> A. mistakeB . painC. disadvantageD. regret17、A. practiceB. payC watchD. help18、A. ideasB. culturesC. movementsD. situations19、A. fixedB. limitedC. appointedD. wasted20> A. directB. simpleC. smartD. WiseSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In Australia, the bilby (兔耳袋狸)project is seen as an important part in protecting the nation's wildlife. Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs. They usually sleep during the day, and are awake at night. They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms.For the first time in 2018, bilbies are running wild in Southeastern Australia. The small animals were once widespread across much of Australia, but were last observed in the wild in New South Wales state in 1912. Every year bilby populations continue to decrease. Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby, a small marsupial, could eventually disappear forever, either because of land clearing or fires. Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes, which hunt down and kill bilbies.In northern New South Wales state, environmentalists are celebrating what they are calling a historic moment. Thirty bilbies from a captive breeding program have been released into a large predator-free enclosed area north of Sydney. Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence, experts say the animals probably would not survive.Tim Allard heads the Australian Wildlife Conservancy, which is involved in the project. He says the release of these beloved animals is a big deal. "There are some remaining wild bilby populations, but they get predated upon heavily by feral cats and foxes. Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas." Allard said the point of doing this project is to return the countryside to what it used to be before Europeans arrived. "So in the not-too-distant future, you will be able to go inside the fenced areas and it will be like stepping back before Europeans turned up J he said.1 > What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A. The shape of the bilby.B. The habit of the bilby.C. The weight of the bilby.D. The characteristics of the bilby.2、The followings are the reasons fbr Bilbies9 disappearance EXCEPT?A. Trees9 clearing.B.Fires9 bursting.C.Cats9 hunting.D. Foxes9 killing.3、What docs the underlined word “enclosed“ in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Involved.B.Protected.C.Hunted.D. Enlarged.4、From Allard's words, what do we know?A. The release of bilbies can make much money.B. Cats and foxes cause the decrease of bilbies.C. Nature reserves are needed to protect bilbies.D. Europeans shouldn't turn up in the countryside.Text 2Have you ever noticed tiny raised areas on the branches of a tree? These may have been insects. These small insects feed on tree sap （汁液）. Insects on urban trees are notably more abundant than those on rural trees. As a result, urban trees suffer from heavy infestations （害虫横行）,and are often unhealthy or die. To protect and restore urban trees, health, we need to determine the factors that make these tree pests more successful in urban habitats.Living organisms interact closely with their environment. The warmer, more drought-stressed trees harbor more successful pests than cooler, less drought-stressed trees. As cities and natural habitats become hotter and drier, damaging insects will become more abundant on urban trees.Trees within urban forests are valuable economically and for the environmental sustainability （可持续'性）of the region. More than half of the world's population lives in cities. Across the globe, people are moving into cities at a faster rate than ever. Rapid growth may turn cities into places with harder conditions. Although cities are primarily made of buildings, roads, parking lots, and vehicles, there are still plants in them. The trees within a city are referred to as the urban forest. Urban forests offer very big benefits to human and environmental health. They improve air and water quality, provide habitat for wildlife, cool down temperatures and beautify our environment. They make cities livable.However, being a city tree is not easy. Heat released by human activities is trapped in cities. As a result, temperatures in urban areas are often warmer than their surrounding rural areas. We call this urban warming or the urban heat island effect. Urban habitats are mostly made of surfaces of asphalt （沥青）and concrete. These surfaces reduce the amount of rainwater that reaches tree roots. As a result, urban forests may suffer, which can negatively affect people and the environment.What can we do to restore urban forests? Regular irrigation when possible may help keep pest populations under control.Planting tree species that are suitable to handle heat and drought stress would also reduce the occurrence of insect pest outbreaks.1、What makes tree pests more successful in the city than in rural areas?A. The warmer and rainy habitat.B. The hotter and drier habitat.C , The cooler and drier habitat.D. The hotter and rainy habitat.2、Urban forests make cities livable by.A. providing people enough clean waterB. improving the living environmentC. offering people economic benefitsD. lowering the temperatures3、According to the text, what results in the city trees, suffering?A. Natural disasters.B. Invisible forces.C. Human activities.D. Natural evolution.4、What would be the best title for the text?A , The Importance of the Urban TreesB. How to Protect the Urban TreesC. Urban Trees Are in Great DangerD. Let's Act fbr the Protection of Urban TreesText 3John H. Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas city in 1918. His father died in an accident when John was six. He was reaching the high school age, but his hometown offered no high school for blacks.Fortunately he had a strong - willed caring mother. John remembered that his mother told him many times, "Son, you can be anything you want really to be if you just believe. nShe told him not to depend on others, including his mother. "You have to earn success, nshe said. "All the people who work hard don*t succeed, but the only people who do succeed are those who work hard. ”These words came from a woman with less than a third grade education. She also knew that believing hard work don't mean everything. So she worked hard as a cook for two years to save enough to take her son, who was then 15, to Chicago.Chicago in 1933was not the promised land that black southerners were looking for. John's mother and stepfather could not find work. But here John could go to school, and here he learned the power of words - as an editor of the newspaper and yearbook at Du Sable High School his wish was to publish a magazine for blacks.While others discouraged him, John's mother offered him more words to live by. "Nothing beats a failure but a try. "She also let him pawn (典当)her furniture to get the $ 500 he needed to start the Negro magazine. It is natural that difficulties and failures followed John closely until he became very successful. He always keeps his mother's words in mind. "Son, failure is not in your vocabulary!nNow John H. Johnson is one of the 400 richest people in America - worth $ 150 million.1、Why did John's mother decide to move to Chicago?A. his father died when John was very youngB. life was too hard for them to stay on in their hometownC. John needed more education badlyD. there were no schools for Negroes in their hometown2、John*s mother.A. didn't believe in or depend on othersB , thought one could be whatever one wanted to beC. believed one would succeed without working hardD. thought no one could succeed without working hard3、What does the underlined sentence "Nothing beats a failure but a try. "mean?A. if you try, you would succeedB. a failure is difficult to beat, even if you tryC. a try is always followed by a failureD. no failure can be beaten unless you try.Text 4Science is finaly beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O*s. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates（灵长 目 动物），after all, animals from our own mammalian（哺孚L动物的）class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical （伦理的）revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?1、 According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of.A. interactionB. analysisC. creationD. abstraction2、The research into pigs shows that pigs. A. learn letters quicklyB. have a good eyesightC. can build up a good relationshipD. can apply knowledge to new situations3、Paragraph 4 is mainly about.A. the similarities between mammals and humans B , the necessity of long-term studies on mammals C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals D. a discovery of how animals express themselves 4、What might be the best title for the passage?A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals C Science Reports on Food AnimalsD. A Revolution in Food Animals Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A -G for each numbered paragraph (41 45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)When I was 14,1 decided to make some pocket money byl. (help) Mr Miller cut the grass in the garden I worked hard because that was my first part-time job After working for one week, Mr Miller said that he had no money for me That surprised me2. (great) I argued with him, and then I went back home in 3. (angry)My parents told me not to be angry with Mr Miller because4. was in difficulties Then my mother called up Mr Miller and they talked about something on5- phone A few days6二 (late), my mot