英语7下-知识点梳理2020-2021学年牛津译林版七年级英语下册.docx

新教材七年级下册知识点梳理7B Unit One 知识点一、词形转换wood n. wooden adj.child n. children pron.quiet adj.quietly adv.quite adv. 相当地 quiet adj. 安静的print v. printer n.worry v. 担心worried adj.担心的littlelessleastmany/much moremostown(adj./v.) owner (n.)Britain n. 不列颠British adj. 不列颠的France n. 法国French n. 法语 adj.法国的Japan n.日本Japanese n. adj.日本的Russia n. 俄罗斯Russian n. 俄语、俄罗斯人 adj.俄罗斯的二、单词研究1. 国家、人民、语言CountryPeople(pl.)LanguageChinaChineseChineseThe UKthe English/ EnglishmenEnglishThe USAAmericansEnglishRussiaRussiansRussianFrancethe French/ FrenchmenFrenchAustraliaAustraliansEnglishCanadaCanadiansEnglish / FrenchJapanJapaneseJapanese2. capitalThe capital of the USA is Washington D.C.the capital of e.g. Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province.The capital of China is Beijing.3. own(adj.自己的/v.拥有) owner (n.)主人I have my own bedroom. = I have a bedroom of my own.e.g. I see with my own eyes.Whos the owner of this pen?= Who owns this pen?4. fun n. 乐趣，不可数名词I always have fun with my dog there.Its great fun.5. most(1) most名词; adj. “大多数的”：most homesMost girl students like wearing skirts.(2)most of + the / (形)物主代词(his/ their) / 指示代词（these/ those) + pl./u28most of + us/you/themMost of the students would like to stay.I spend most of my free time playing football.Most of them think English is very important.(3) adv.“最”：like sth mostI like playing basketball most.6. beside = next toId like to live next to a restaurant.There is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.三、词组学习1.Id like to live next to a restaurant. would like sth.= want sthwould like to do sth = want to do sthWould you like some water?= Do you want some water? Yes，please./ No, thanks.Would you like to go with us? Yes, Id love/ like to. Good idea. All right. / Id like to, but next to =besidee.g. Toms house is next to mine.Jack wants to sit next to me.2. Learn about homes in different countries. learn about 学习有关的知识I want to learn more about the world. learn from 向学习We should help each other and learn from each other. different same；be different frombe the same asin different classes in the same classIts really different from the flats in Beijing.be different frome.g. Your pen is different from mine.City life is very different from Country life. different(adj.) difference(n.)the difference betweenande.g. There are many differences between English and Chinese Names.3.We sit on the big floor cushions and look out at the beach and the sea.look out (of)at =see from Look out ! =Be careful! = Take care!当心/小心e.g. Dont look out of the window in class.look at / look around / look for / look like / look forward to / look after / look up4. I share a bedroom with my sister.share sth with sbe.g. The boy shared his toy with other childrenshare in sthe.g. We should share in our sorrows as well as joys.5.Simon wrote down the meaning of some of the words.write + n. +down=write down +n. write it /them down3e.g. Can you write down the words on your book ?= Can you write the words on your book?OK, Ill write them down.meaning (n.) mean(v.)e.g. Whats the meaning of “quick?= What does “quick” mean?6. ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事Can you ask him to call me back?否定结构有：ask sb not to do sth类似的结构有：tell sb to do sth7. be full of充满Your garden is full of flowers.The room is full of smoke.My grandmother visited my home with a basket full of vegetables.8. have an area of = in area(size)Red Square in Moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size.France has an area of over 260,000 square miles. = France is 260,000 square miles in area.四、语法归纳（一）Cardinal numbersA.基数词的写法：“几十几”十位和个位之间用“”。e.g. 32 thirty-two101999 百位和十位间加“and”.e.g. 928 nine hundred and twenty-eight1000 以上的数，从后往前每三位一段，倒数第一个数读 thousand，倒数第二个数读 million，依次类推。e.g. 8,542,601 eight million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, six hundred and oneB .基数词的运用：1. hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有数字修饰表示“精确数”一般用单数，但表示不定数目用复数：hundreds of; thousands of; millions of注意区别：three hundred students;hundreds of students;three hundred of the students2. 表示“几十”的数词，其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。e.g. in his twenties in the thirties the 1990s3. 表示房间号、公共汽车号、电话号码、页数、年龄等用基数词，如：Room 801; No. 1 Bus; Page 44; two oclock; a twelve-year-old girl4. 一些计算或分数、百分数等，如：Two plus two is four.Five times six is thirty.a half; a third; a quarter; three quarters; one-eighth; seven-eighths;thirty percent5. 年月日中，年用基数词；日用序数词January 18, 2014; 18th January 20146. 基数词表0zero10ten20twenty1001one11eleven30thirtyone hundred2two12twelve40forty1,0003three13thirteen50fiftyone thousand4four14fourteen60sixty10,0005five15fifteen70seventyten thousand6six16sixteen80eighty100,0007seven17seventeen90ninetyone hundred thousand8eight18eighteen1,000,0009nine19nineteenone million（二）Ordinal numbers序数词的运用：1. 表示日期：e.g. 6 月 1 日 on the first of June/ on June (the) first2. 表示编号：e.g. Lesson 5=the fifth lesson3. 表示名次，起副词作用，前无“the” e.g. Simon came first in the English exam.4. 序数词前有限定词修饰时，不加“the”. e.g. This is my first lesson.5. 表示次序或楼层，如：He is always the first to come to school in our class.Wilson lives on the twelfth floor.6. a/an+序数词 ，表示“又一、再一”；Id like a second try.7. 序数词表Ordinal numbersOrdinal numbers1st=first10th=tenth2nd=second11th=eleventh3rd=third12th=twelfth4th=fourth13th=thirteenth5th=fifth20th=twentieth6th=sixth21st=twenty-first7th=seventh22nd=twenty-second8th=eighth23rd=twenty-third9th=ninth30th=thirtieth五、拓展提升1. Ill arrive in Beijing on Sunday.arrive (vi.) arrive in(大地点)/at (小地点)= get to = reach(及物动词)e.g. The train arrived an hour ago.He arrives at school on time every day.=He gets to school on time every day.= He reaches school on time every day.arrive there/ here/home =get there/ here/ home误：reach there/ here/ home2. Whos calling/speaking/that? （打电话用语）请问你是谁？“我是”用 This ise.g. This is Jack speaking.May I speak to? 可以找接电话吗？Yes, speaking. 是的，请讲。Just a minute/ moment. 请稍等。Whats your telephone number?Sorry, wrong number.Hold on, please. 别挂断。call sb back 给某人回电话；answer the call 接电话3. It rains a lot.表示下雨、下雪、冷热等自然状况等用 It 作为主语It often rains a lot in summer in Haimen.It doesnt rain here in winter.It never snows here in summer.Does it often rain here in spring in Shanghai?4. The CN Tower is 1,815 feet tall.表示物体的长宽高厚深等的句型为：某物 is 数量 long/ wide/ tall / high/ thick/ deep.The Yangtze is 6,300 kilometres long.Im 1.72 metres tall.5. 表示方位的 in, on, toShanghai is in the east of China.Russia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.Unit2 Neighbours1.a community centre 社区中心2.social worker 社会福利工作者3.all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 be kind to对好4.begin with=start with 以开始5.at the weekend 在周末6.do some shopping 购物7.plan out 安排，筹划 plan to do sth.计划做某事8.the day after tomorrow 后天9.make a fire 生火10.far( away) from 离远11.in the future 将来 in future 以后，今后12.need to do 需要做某事 need doing 需要被做13.feel well 感觉舒服14. be sure+（that）从句 确信 be sure of 对有根据 be sure to do sth.一定做某事15. have a meeting 开会16.ask sb.to do sth.让/要求某人做某事17.be ready to do sth.准备做某 be ready to help 乐于助人 be/get ready for 为做准备18.wait for sb.to do sth.等候某人做某事19.how about+n./pron./v.-ing（做）怎么样20.by+“交通工具(train/bus/ship/bike)”乘坐21. have to do sth.不得不做某事22.practise doing sth.练习做某事23.“what/how+to do (sth.)”“疑问词+不定式”作宾语24.police station 警局 post office 邮局25be going to do sth.计划、打算做某事26.Theres something wrong with某物坏（失灵）了27. be good at=do well in 擅长做某事 be good for 对有益 be good to sb.对某人和善28. worry about =be worried about 为某人/某事担心29.Ill =I will/shall30.in the neighbourhood of 大约，左右31. most of中的大多数（后面加可数名词和不可数名词都可以 ）32.be helpful to sb.对某人很有帮助33.be of some/no/much help to sb.对某人有些/没有/很有帮助34.help oneself(to)自用(事物等)35.help sb.out 帮助某人克服困难、解决问题、渡过难关、完成工作等36.with the help of 在的帮助下37. .help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事38.help to do sth.有助于做某事39.be lucky to do sth.幸运做某事40.Youre welcome./Thats OK./Thats all right./Not at all. 不用谢。welcome to the unit1- Where are you going? 你去哪儿？- I'm going to visit our new neighbours.我去拜访我们的新邻居。探究点：be going to 后接动词 。我打算在放学后踢足球。I play football after school.2. I'm afraid they won't welcome visitors like you. 恐怕他们不欢迎像你这样的拜访者。探究点一：be afraid 的意思是“ ”(1) be afraid of (doing) sth.意为“害怕（做）某事”。.我害怕那条狗。 你害怕一个人呆在这儿吗？ (2) be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做某事”。我害怕在夜间出去。 (3)“be afraid + that 从句”意为“担心”。我担心他没有通过考试。 .我担心他将会知道这个不好的消息。I_ _ that he_ know the bad news.探究点二：welcome 在此用作 （词性）。指点迷津 welcome 在此用作动词，意为“欢迎”。(1)用作形容词，意为“受欢迎的”。.在会议上，你们都是受欢迎的。 (2)用作动词，意为“欢迎”。欢迎来到我们学校！ (3)用作名词，意为“欢迎”。他热烈欢迎我的到来。 探究点三：like 在此用作_（词性）。指点迷津 like 在此用作介词，意为“像一样”。like的具体用法如下：(1) 用 作 介 词 ， 意 为 “ 像 一 样 ”。他 能 像 他 的 父 亲 一 样 讲 英 语 。 (2)用作动词，意为“喜欢”。我不喜欢玩这个游戏。 我需要一辆和你一样的自行车。I need a bike_ _.3. Most of them have 14 floors. 它们中大多数有 14 层。探究点：most 在此用作 （词性）。指点迷津 most 在此用作代词，意为“大部分，大多数”。most 的具体用法如下：(1)用作代词，意为“大部分，大多数”。我们中大多数人喜欢这首歌。 (2) 用 作 限 定 词 ， 意 为 “ 大 多 数 的 ， 大 部 分 的 ； 最 多 的 ”。大 多 数 学 生 喜 欢 英 语 。 (3)用作副词，意为“最；非常，极其”。我最喜欢音乐。 辨析 most 与 most ofmost 与 most of 的区别在许多情况下与所修饰的名词是否带有限定词（如冠词、指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等）有关，具体说来，应注意以下几点：(1)若所修饰的名词前没有限定词，通常要用 most，而不用 most of。Most people agree with me.大多数人同意我的意见。但是，在习惯上不带冠词的专有名词（如人名和地名等）或抽象名词（如学科名词等）前，要用 most of，而不用 most。Most of Wales is without water威尔士大多数地区都断水了。(2)若所修饰的名词前带有限定词，则用 most of，而不用 most。Most of the people here know each other.这里的大多数人互相认识。注意 对于可数名词来说，如果是单数形式，不能直接在其前用 most，而应使用“most of+限定词+单数可数名词”的形式。It is wet and windy for most of the week. -周大多时间都是既刮风又潮湿的。(3)若直接用在人称代词之前，要用 most of，而不用 most。Most of us think he is wrong.我们大多数人认为他错了。Most songs here are new. 同义句转换。 _the songs here are new.Reading1. They help us with all kinds of problems.他们帮助我们解决各种问题。探 究 点 一 ： help sb. with sth 的 同 义 短 语 是 什 么 ？ 我 姐 姐 经 常 帮 助 我 学 习 语 文 探究点二：all kinds of 意为“ ”。这家书店里有各种各样的书籍。 这家商店里有各种各样的电脑。There are computers in this shop.2There's something wrong with my computer.我的电脑出了问题。探究点：There's something wrong with的意思是“ ”可与 “Something is wrong with”“Something doesn't work.”“Something is broken.”进行句型转换。我的收音机出了故障。There is something wrong with my radio. = = = 注意 “没有出故障”周“There isn't anything wrong with ./There is nothing wrong with/Nothing is wrong with”。There isn't anything wrong with my MP3. =There is nothing wrong with my MP3. =Nothing is wrong with my MP3.我的 MP3 没有出故障。My pen is broken. 同义句转换 There's my pen.3Some college students are ready to help. -些大学生乐于助人。探究点：be ready to do sth的意思是“ ”那个女孩乐于说英语。 拓展 get ready for 意为“为做准备”。我们都在为考试做准备。_( )He is ready speak at the meeting. A. toBforCwithDof4. Simon wants to ask someone to fix his bicycle. 西蒙想请人修他的自行车。探究点一：want 后接动词的 形式作宾语。我想和你谈一谈。 知 识 拓 展 want 还 可 构 成 want sb. to do sth. 结 构 。 他 想 给 你 一 个 惊 喜 。 .( )They want at six in the afternoon. A. meet B. to meetC. meeting D.tomeeting探 究 点 二 ： ask sb. to do sth 的 意 思 是 “ ” 老 师 叫 我 们 去 办 公 室 。 注意 ask sb. to do sth.的否定形式为：ask sb. not to do sth.。那个人叫他不要坐在这儿。 .他经常叫他的儿子早点回家。He often his son home early.探究点三：fix 的意思是“ ”。我认为这台电视机需要修理了。 你能把它安装到墙上吗？ 你能帮我修理我坏了的课桌吗？Can you help me my desk?Grammar1. She is going to watch the film next Friday. 她打算下周五看这部电影。探究点一：一般将来时的构成形式有哪几种，其区别又是什么？指点迷津 (1) be going to 的用法be going to 是一种固定结构，后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。含有 be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。今天下午我们打算开班会。（安排） 看那些乌云，快要下雨了。（推测） be going to 的肯定句be going to 结构中的 be 动词很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am，is，are。当主语是 I 时用 am；当主语是第三人称单数时用 is；当主语是其他人称时用 are。明天早上我打算去买些东西。I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。She is going to see Mr Wang this afternoon.be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句由于句子中有 be 动词，因此 be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在 be(am，is，are)的后面加上 not 就构成了否定句；把 be (am，is，are)放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Yes，主语+amis/are.No，主语+isn't/aren't.No，I'm not.另外，I am在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you？”。他们不打算下周去看这部电影。They are not going to watch the film next week.他们打算下周去看这部电影吗？-Are they going to watch the film next week?是的。不。- Yes，they are./No，they aren't.使用 be going to 时的注意点A. There be 句型的 be going to 结构为：There is/are going to be(注意句型中 going to 后面的 be 不能改为have)，常用来表示将有某事发生。下周末我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 Bcome，go，leave，arrive 等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与 be going to 结构连用。(2)一般将来时也可用“shall/will+动词原形”表示。shall 只用于主语为第一人称(Iwe)的句子中，will 可用于所有人称。其否定句在 shall 或 will 后面加 not，也可缩写成 shan't 或 won't；一般疑问句把 shall 或 will放到句首，在句末加问号，其答语为：Yes，主语+shall/will. /No，主语+shan't/won't.我将买一辆新自行车。 他们不会在这儿呆太久。 我将再也不迟到了。 你将帮助我学英语吗？ 好的，我将帮助你学英语。 2. My parents and I are planning a day out with my uncle's family the day after tomorrow.我和我的父母计划后天和我的叔叔一家一起出去郊游。探究点：plan 的意思是“ ”。他们计划再买一台电脑。 你的新计划是什么？ 我们在计划参观长城 We the Great Wall.3How about your uncle? 你叔叔呢？探究点：How about 后接动词时用什么形式？休息一下怎么样？ 看足球比赛怎么样？ Integrated skills1. Her elder brother works in a .她的哥哥在工作。探究点：elder 的意思是“ ”：他的姐姐上 8 年级。 2. She works for a far away from her home, so she goes to work by train. 她在远离家的工作，因此她乘火车去上班。探究点：far away from 的意思是“ ”。我家远离学校。My home is far away from school.知识拓展 (1) far away 用作表语或状语，away 可以省去，因此，far away=far; far away from=far from。(2) far( away)后不接宾语；far (away) from 后一定要接宾语。They do not live far away.他们住得并不远。(3) far 是表示较笼统、模糊概念的“远”，而 away 是表示具体的“远”。如：very far 很远；quite far 相当远；how far 多远；500 metres away 500 米远；2 kilometres away 2 公里远。试比较：我家离医院很远。My home is very far from the hospital.我家离医院 20 公里远。My home is 20 kilometres away from the hospital.( )My home is very .It is about 30 kilometres school. A. away; far B. far; away C. far;away from D. away; from3I'm good at drawing.我擅长画画。探究点：be good at 的同义短语是 。He is good at playing football.=He does well in playing football.他擅长踢足球。The boy is good at reading. 同义句转换。The boy reading.4. That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是个好主意。探究点：sound like 的意思是“ ”那听起来像是一个真实的故事。 辨析 sound 与 sound likesound 意为“听起来”，后接形容词作表语；sound like 意为“听起来像”，后接名词作宾语。那音乐听起来很美。 那声音听起来像鸟叫声。 ( )The song very sad. A. likeB. likesC. sounds likeD. sounds5. I want to help sick peop