英语7下-Unit 1 Dream homes 课时3 Grammar(教师版)-【帮课堂】2021-2022学年七年级英语下册同步精品讲义(牛津译林版).docx
Unit 1 Dream homes Grammar知识精讲知识点1 基数词 教材P11【用法详解】数词分为基数词和序数词:表示数量多少的数词叫做基数词,如一one,二 two,三 three等;表示顺序的数词叫做序数词,如第一first,第二second,第三third等. 1.基数词的拼写(1)onetwelve, 无规律可言,应逐一记忆。(2)thirteennineteen, 表示十几,在个位数后加后缀-teen。特殊注意:thirteen 13, fifteen 15, eighteen 18(3)twenty到ninety, 表示几十,以-ty结尾。特殊注意:twenty 20,thirty 30, forty 40,fifty 50,eighty 80(4) 几十几的表达方法:用整十数加个位数表示,中间用连字符-把整十数和个位连接起来。如:twenty-five 25,sixty-eight 68 (5)一百的表示方法为one hundred或a hundred。要表示几百,用具体数字加上hundred,如five hundred(500),注意此时的hundred是单数形式。表示几百几时,要在百位数和十位数(或个位数)之间加and。如:one hundred and two 102。2.基数词的用法(1)基数词只能修饰可数名词,要注意数词和名词在数上要保持一致。one banana 一根香蕉 five boys 五个男孩 ten maps 十张地图(2) hundred, thousand(千)million(百万)billion(十亿)等的复数形式可表示不确定的数目。在这种情况下它们须用复数形式,且后面要加of,如:hundreds of 成百上千; millions of 数以百万。当这些词前有准确的基数词时,则用单数,不用of,如:six hundred 600 seven million 7000000hundreds of teachers 数百位老师 five hundred trees 五百课树thousands of students数千位学生 three thousand trees 三千棵树【典例讲解】1.There are over _ students in their school.A.hundredsB.nine hundredsC.nine hundredD.hundreds of【答案】C【解析】句意:他们学校有九百多名学生。考查数词的用法。根据“over”可知后面应是具体数量,有具体的数字时hundred不能变复数。故选C。2.“We will learn _ English words this year, ” the teacher said to the students.A.one thousand, three hundred and twenty-oneB.one thousand, and three hundred twenty-oneC.one thousand, three hundred twenty-oneD.one thousand, three hundreds and twenty-one【答案】A【解析】句意:“今年我们要学一千三百二十一个英语单词,”老师对学生们说。 考查数字表达。在英语中数字的读法是,从右向左三位三位地断开。第一个逗号处是thousand,十位和个位之间用连字符,百位和十位之间加and。故选A。3. More than seven _ tourists travelled to foreign countries during the National Day Holiday and _ more will go abroad next year.A.million; millionB.millions; millionsC.million; millionsD.millions; million【答案】C【解析】句意:国庆假期间,700多万游客出国旅游,明年还会有数百万人出国。考查数词。million百万,与基数词搭配使用,表示具体数字时,不用复数形式,故排除B、D项;million与more连用时,要用复数形式,millions more表示“数百万”,表示不确切的数目。故选C。知识点2 序数词 教材P12【用法详解】序数词用来表示事物的顺序,其前常加定冠词the。1. 序数词的构成:(1)英语中119的序数词,除了first,second,third外,其余均由基数词加-th构成。特殊注意:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth不满足规律。(2) 以-ty结尾的基数词,变为序数词时,将y变为i,再加-eth。如:twentytwentieth第二十。(3)几十几以上的基数词,变为序数词时,只把个位数变为序数词。如:thirty-fivethirty-fifth第三十五。(4)序数词缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字后面加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如:23rdtwenty-third 第二十三。2. 序数词的用法:(1)序数词可以用来表示顺序、编号等,但要放在名词前面。the second picture第二幅图。(2)序数词可以表示几月几日中的几日。June 5th 6月5日 (3)序数词前面通常要加三类词:定冠词the,形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰,选其一中。That is the fourth book. 那是第四本书。This is Mikes twelfth birthday. 这是迈克的第十二个生日。【典例讲解】1. Tom _ on the _ floor. Its too high, so he has to take a lift every day.A.live; fortieth B.lives; forty C.live; forty D.lives; fortieth【答案】D【解析】句意:Tom居住在第四十层,它太高了,所以他每天不得不坐电梯。考查动词时态以及序数词用法。由下文every day判断第一空考查一般现在时第三人称单数形式,live要加s,故排除A,C,第二空考查基数词和序数词的区别,表示楼层用序数词,第几层,forty为基数词,fortieth为序数词,故选D。2. There are _ books on the desk and the _ book is about the history of the Eiffel Tower.A.five; five B.fifth; fifth C.five; fifth D.fifth; five【答案】C【解析】句意:桌子上有五本书,第五本书是关于埃菲尔铁塔的历史。考查数词。根据“books”可知,此空需要数量词来修饰,因此five符合句意;根据“the”可知,需要序数词,因此fifth符合句意。故选C。知识点3 1815 feet tall 教材P11【用法详解】数词+名词复数+形容词这种结构,词与词之间没有连接符“-”,名词用复数形式,在句子中用做表语。He's six feet tall and weighs 200 pounds. 他身高六英尺,体重200磅。The road is 5 meters wide. 马路5米宽。数词+名词单数+形容词这种结构,词与词之间有连接符“-”,名词用单数形式,在句子中做定语。This is ameter-wide road. 这是一条1米宽的路。He is a five-year-old boy. 他是一个5岁的男孩。【典例讲解】 How long is the bridge? Its _.A.300-metres-long B.300-metres long C.300 metres long D.300 metre long【答案】C【解析】句意:这座桥有多长?它有300米长。考查“基数词 + 单位 + 形容词”结构。300-meter-long为复合形容词,意为“300米长的”;300-meters long格式错误;300 meters long意为“300米长”,表示物体的长度;300 meter long格式错误。根据问句“How long is the bridge?”可知,询问的是桥的长度。故选C。知识点4 91,000 square metres in size. 教材P11【用法详解】square adj. 平方的;正方形的 The room is 12 square metres in area. 这个房间面积是12平方米。square n. 正方形;广场 The square was empty but for a couple of taxis. 除了几辆出租汽车外,广场上空空如也。 in size 在大小上 The regions differ in size, but not in kind. 这些地区大小各异,但类型相同。My pencil box is different from yours in size. 我的铅笔盒大小和你的不一样。【典例讲解】_ does your son wear, madam? Size L.A.How longB.How bigC.What sizeD.What big【答案】C【解析】句意:女士,您儿子穿多大码的?L码。考查特殊疑问句。How long多长;How big多么大;What size什么尺码;What big无此表述。根据下文回答“Size L.”,可知此处是问对方穿什么尺码,故选C。【拓展】in的固定搭配in area 按面积计算,在面积方面 in weight 在重量上 in age 在年龄上 in colour 在颜色上 in length在长度上知识点5 have an area of 教材P11【用法详解】area n. (地方、城市、国家、世界的)地区,地域 have an area of 占地面积为.There is heavy traffic in the downtown area tonight. 今夜闹市区交通繁忙。 She knows the local area very well. 她非常了解这地区的情况。The company has an area of 2.3 million square meters.该公司占地 2 300 000 平方米.【典例讲解】China has an _ of over 9, 600, 000 square kilometres. (面积)【答案】area【解析】句意:中国有960多万平方千米的面积。area面积,是名词,有不定冠词an修饰,用单数名词,故填area。知识点6 over 教材P11【用法详解】over 介词 1) 在上方、在上(有覆盖、遮蔽之意) The sun shines over the earth. 2) 超过、在上 He has lived in Beijing over two years. 3) 通过、越过、溢出 I heard the news over the radio. 4) 遍及 The fog is all over the town. 5) 对于、关于(有支配、监督、保护、控制等含义) There will be much discussion over this problem. over 副词1) 完了、结束 The test is over. 2) 越过、出 The dog jumped over the chair and ran out.【典例讲解】There are _ (超过) five hundred students in our school.【答案】over【解析】句意:我们学校有500多名学生。over“超过,多于”,介词,用在基数词前。故填over。知识点7 There are about 8,000,000 people living in London. 教材P11【用法详解】表示某地有.,用there be 句型,谓语动词就近原则。There are many people on the street these days. 这几天街上有好多人表示有事情要做,用 there be sth. to do.There are so much homework to do that I can not go to bed early.有如此的多作业要做以至于我不能早睡表示有某人正在做某事,用 there be sb. doing sth.There is a girl waiting for you. 有个女孩一直在等你。【典例讲解】There is a baby _ in the room.A.sleep B.sleeping C.to sleeping D.to sleep【答案】B【解析】句意:房间里有一个婴儿在睡觉。考查固定句型。句型There be sth. /sb. doing sth.+sp.:有某物或某人正在做某事,此句可用现在进行表达,即sth./sb. be doing sth.+sp.,例如,There are some people dancing in the park.=Some people are dancing in the park.(有些人正在公园里跳舞。)结合句意可知填sleeping;选B。能力拓展一、单项选择1.About _ of the research on animals behaviour _ been done so far.A.two-nineteenths; have B.two-nineths; hasC.two-ninths; has D.two-nineties; have【答案】C【解析】句意:到目前为止,大约有九分之二的关于动物行为的研究已经完成。考查分数和主谓一致。分数的构成是“子基母序,分子大于一,分母加s”,排除BD;本句主语是research,助动词用has。故选C。2.Womens day is _ March.A.on the eight ofB.on the eighth ofC.in the eighth ofD.on the eighth【答案】B【解析】句意:妇女节在三月八号。考查介词和序数词的用法。在具体的某一天使用介词on;表示在几号时使用序数词,第八eighth;of的,强调所属关系;on the eighth of March在三月八号。故选B。3.Is your uncle in his _? Yes. His _ birthday is coming.A.forty; forty-firstB.forties; forty-firstC.forties; forty-oneD.forty; forty-first【答案】B【解析】句意:你叔叔四十多岁了吗?是的。他的41岁生日就要到了。考查数词用法。英语中用“in ones+整十数的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”,故第一个空格处应为forties;而表示“41岁生日”,birthday前应用序数词表示顺序,故第二空格处应为forty-first。故选B。4.Dad is going to Tianjin next week. It will be his _ time to go there.A.the threeB.thirdC.the thirdD.three【答案】B【解析】句意:爸爸下周要去天津。这将是他第三次去那里。考查序数词。three 三,基数词;third 第三,序数词。此处表示“第三次去那”,用序数词表顺序,序数词前有形容词性物主代词his,不需要加定冠词the,故选B。5.When is the National Day (国庆节) of the PRC? Its_.A.on 1st October B.in 1st OctoberC.on the 1st of November D.in the 1st of September【答案】A【解析】句意:中国的国庆节是什么时候?10月1日。考查日期表达法。根据常识,可知中国国庆节是10月1日1st October,这是一个特定的日期,需用介词on修饰。结合句意语境,可知选A。6.一How old is your grandpa,Sue?一_.We are going to celebrate his _birthday next monthA.Seventyninth; eightiesB.Seventyninth; eighthC.Seventynine; eightiethD.Seventynine; eighties【答案】C【解析】句意:-Sue,你的爷爷多大年纪了?-79岁了。下个月我们打算庆祝他的80岁生日。根据问题How old可知,第一个空表示年龄,应用基数词;第二该空说他80岁生日,要用序数词,故选C。7.There _ an English party in our school next week, isnt there?A.is going toB.will beC.is going to beD.is going to have【答案】C【解析】句意:下周我们学校将有一个英语晚会,不是吗?考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be句型不能与have一起连用,排除D选项。根据“next week”可知,此处用一般将来时there will be或there is/are going to be,根据“isnt”可知,此空应填is going to be,故选C。8.How do you read the number 6, 425, 200 correctly?A.Six million four hundred and twenty-five thousand two hundred.B.Six millions four hundreds and twenty-five thousands two hundreds.C.Six million and four hundred and twenty-five thousand and two hundred.D.Six millions four hundred and twenty-five hundred and two hundred.【答案】A【解析】句意:你如何正确地读数字6, 425, 200?考查数词用法。根据数字的读法:十位和个位之间要加连字符;百位和十位之间加and,其它不用加and;million/hundred/thousand等表示单位的数量词前有具体数字时,不能加s;所以,6, 425, 200 读作Six million four hundred and twenty-five thousand two hundred。故选A。9.Football is so exciting(令人兴奋的)that _ people in the world play it.A.million of B.millions of C.two millions of D.two millions【答案】B【解析】句意:足球是如此令人兴奋以至于世界上数百万人玩它。考查数词。million意为“百万”,其用法有两种:(1)“数词+million”表示具体数量“几百万”,如:two million 两百万;(2)“millions of”表示模糊数量“数以百万计的”,后加名词复数,如:millions of people 数百万人。A、C、D项结构错误,故选B。10. How tall is the tree? Its about _.A.5 meterB.5 meters tallC.10 foot tallD.10-feet tall【答案】B【解析】句意:这树多高?大约5米高。考查数词。meter米;tall高的,foot英尺,复数是feet,超过“一”时,要用复数形式,排除A和C,当有连字符时,名词不能用复数,排除D,故选B。分层提分题组A 基础过关练一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Would you like to help the people in some poor _ (area)?【答案】areas【解析】句意:你愿意帮助一些贫困地区的人吗?some可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,area地区,为可数名词,复数为areas。故填areas。 2.We celebrated the _ birthday of the Communist Party of China on July 1, 2021. (hundred)【答案】hundredth【解析】句意:我们在2021年7月1日庆祝了中国共产党的一百岁生日。根据空前的“the”和空后的“birthday”可知,应该填的是hundred“一百”的序数词the hundredth“第一百”,故填hundredth。3.Betty hopes to give her father an unusual gift on his _ (forty) birthday.【答案】fortieth【解析】句意:Betty希望在她父亲四十岁生日那天给他一份不同寻常的礼物。根据空前的“on his”和空后的“birthday”可知,应该填的是forty的序数词fortieth“第四十”表顺序,故填fortieth。4.Our new term usually begins in September. Its the _ (nine) month of a year.【答案】ninth【解析】句意:我们的新学期一般九月开始。是一年的第九个月。根据定冠词“the”和单数名词“month”可知表达顺序“第九”,用序数词“ninth”。故填ninth。5.The _ (twelve) floor of the building is a big dining hall.【答案】twelfth【解析】句意:大楼的第十二层是一个大餐厅。根据“The.floor of the building is a big dining hall.”可知,空处应填序数词表示顺序,此处指第十二层,twelfth“第十二”,符合语境。故填twelfth。6.The Eiffel Tower is about 1,063 _ (foot) tall.【答案】feet【解析】句意:埃菲尔铁塔大约有1063英尺高。根据“1,063 . (foot) tall”可知介绍埃菲尔铁塔的高度,此处缺少量词,再由提示词“foot”可知用feet表示“英尺”。故填feet。7.He looks as though he hasnt had a _ meal for weeks. (square)【答案】square【解析】句意:他看起来好像好几个星期没吃一顿饱饭了。square正方形的,形容词;square meal表示“饱餐,美餐”。故填square。8.We have different _ (size): small, medium and large bowls.【答案】sizes【解析】句意:我们有不同的大小:小碗、中碗和大碗。根据“small, medium and large bowls”可知有不同的三种大小,用size的复数形式sizes。故填sizes。题组B 能力提升练一、完型填空My dream home is very big and clean. It is near the 1 . I can watch the sea and 2 volleyball on the beach.My grandparents live 3 us in the big house. 4 room is 5 the first floor. I always chat with them and 6 some housework on the weekend. On the 7 floor, there is a kitchen and a dining room. All the family 8 will have dinner there.My bedroom, study and bathroom are on the third floor. There is a big balcony in my bedroom. I can play games, read books and chat 9 my friends there. The furniture(家具)in my house is all made of wood. It is good 10 my health. I like 11 to music while reading books in my bedroom. I always ask my friends 12 here. My parents' room is on the fourth floor. It's 13 very big and clean.There is a big and nice garden behind the big house. There are many flowers and 14 tall trees in it. In summer, I can sit under the trees with my family. Behind the garden, there is a swimming pool. I can 15 freely in it. I think it is very comfortable to live in my dream home.1.A.riverB.seaC.groundD.school2.A.playB.to playC.play theD.play with3.A.atB.forC.withD.of4.A.TheirB.HerC.OurD.Your5.A.inB.onC.withD.of6.A.doesB.doingC.doD.is doing7.A.fourthB.thirdC.firstD.second8.A.petsB.membersC.thingsD.animals9.A.ofB.aboutC. withD. on10.A.atB.toC.withD.for11.A.listeningB.leadingC.watchingD.doing12.A.to look forB.to cleanC.to comeD.to leave13.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.but14.A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little15.A.swimB.danceC.readD.run【答案】1-5 BACAB 6-10 CDBCD 11-15 ACABA【文章大意】本文叙述了作者理想中的家园,是一个带有一个花园的在海边的大房子,有四层楼,父母、祖父母都住在一起,自己有独立的房间,可以玩游戏、读书还可以和朋友一起聊天。花园后有一个游泳池,可以在里面游泳。【解析】1.句意:我的梦想的家在海洋附近。考查名词及语境的理解。 A. river河水; B. sea 海洋; C. ground地面; D. school学校。根据I can watch the sea 可知这里指的是海洋,故选B。2.句意:我可以看海并在海滩上打篮球。考查动词及语境的理解。play with sb和某人一起玩。这里play +球类运动,故选A。3.句意:我的祖父母和我们住在一个大的房子里。考查介词及语境的理解。这里是短语live with sb 和某人一起。故选C。4.句意:他们的房间是在一楼。考查代词及语境的理解。A. Their他们的; B. Her她的; C. Our我们的; D. Your你的。这里指的是祖父母的,所以应该用their,故选A。5.句意:他们的房间是在一楼。考查介词及语境的理解。在某层楼上,应该用介词on,故选B。6.句意:我总是和他们聊天,在周末帮助他们做一些家务。考查动词及语境的理解。这里是短语help sb do sth帮助某人做某事。故选C。7.句意:在二楼有厨房和餐厅。考查序数词及语境的理解。 A. fourth第四; B. third 第三; C. first第一; D. second第二。根据下文My bedroom ,study and bathroom are on the third floor.可知这里叙述的是二楼的情况,故选D。8.句意:我们的家庭成员在那里吃饭。考查名词及语境的理解。A. pets宠物; B. members成员; C. things东西; D. animals动物。根据上文可知这里指的是家里的成员,故选B。9.句意:我可以和我的朋友玩游戏、读书和聊天。考查介词及语境的理解。这里是短语chat with sb 和某人聊天,故选C。10.句意:它对我们的身体健康都是有益的。考查介词及语境的理解。这里是固定短语be good for对有益。故选D。11.句意:在我的房间里读书的时候我喜欢听音乐。考查动名词及语境的理解。A. listening 听; B. leading领导; C. withing,with是介词不能加ing; D. doing做。这里是短语like doing喜欢做某事;故选A。12.句意:我请求我的朋友来这里。考查动词不定式及语境的理解。 A. to look for 寻找; B. to clean擦干净; C. to come来;D. to leave离开。这里是短语ask sb to do sth请某人做某事。根据句意故选C。13.句意:它也是很大很干净的。考查副词及语境的理解。A. also也,用于句中; B. too 也,用于肯定句或疑问句; C. either 也,用于否定句; D. but但是。根据这里的空格在句中所以用also,故选A。14.句意:有许多花和一些高树在花园里。考查形容词及语境的理解。A. few 几个; B. a few一些; C. little 很少; D. a little有点。A few修饰可数名词。故选B。15.句意:我可以在河里游泳。考查动词及语境的理解。 A. swim游泳; B. dance跳舞; C. read读; D. run跑。根据Behind the garden, there is a swimming pool. 可知这里应该指的游泳,故选A。题组C 培优拔尖练一、阅读单选ADear Kitty,News! We have a new flat! The rooms are small, but they are comfortable. There are more rooms here than in our old flat. This is good because now I have my own room. In the old flat, I shared with my sister.My bedroom is my favourite room in our flat. I can be alone in it. I can read or draw. I can listen to my radio or play CDs. I can play games on my computer and send e-mails to my friends.My second favourite room is the kitchen. I love helping my mother cook our meals. She is a very good cook. She is teaching me how to make many different kinds of dishes. She lived in Morocco when she was a girl, and she can cook Moroccan food. Its very delicious.Thats all for now. Write