英语7下-Unit 7 Abilities课时2 Reading （教师版）-【帮课堂】2021-2022学年七年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）.docx

Unit 7 Abilities Reading 知识精讲知识点01 save 教材P82【用法详解】1) save v.  救；救助；挽救；拯救save sb 救某人 save sb. from 从.救出某人 save one's life 救某人的命She saved a little girl from falling into the water. 她救下一个眼看要落入水中的小女孩。 She needs to win the next two games to save the match. 只有下面的两场获胜，她才能挽回败局。 2) save v.  储蓄；攒钱I'm not very good at saving. 我不大攒得住钱。 I'm saving for a new bike. 我正攒钱想买辆新自行车。 3) save v.  节省；节约We should try to save water. 我们应设法节约用水。 If we go this way it will save us two hours on the trip. 如果走这条路，可以缩短两小时的行程。 【典例讲解】Dr. Smith did _ he could _ little Tom.A.anything possible, saveB.possible everything, to saveC.possible anything, saveD.everything possible, to save【答案】D【解析】句意：史密斯医生做了一切他能做的来拯救小汤姆。考查不定代词、定语后置及非谓语动词。anything任何事物；everything一切事情。根据“. he could”可推出是他能做的一切，用不定代词everything，形容词修饰不定代词要后置；do everything sb. could to do sth.“竭尽所能做某事”，第二空用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。知识点02 hear sb doing 教材P82【用法详解】hear sb. doing sth. 指听见某人正在做某事，强调听到的动作正在进行When I went back to my room, I heard her reading English in the next room. 当我回到房间时，我听到她正在隔壁读英语。hear sb. do sth 指听到某人做了或经常做某事I hear her come in and go upstairs. 我听见她进来，并上了楼。I often hear the girl play the violin in the park. 我经常听到那个女孩在公园里弹小提琴。【典例讲解】Listen! Can you hear Kate _ in her room?A.to singB.singC.singsD.singing【答案】D【解析】句意：听！你可以听到Kate在房间里唱歌吗？考查非谓语动词。hear sb. do sth.听到某人在做某事，强调听到整个过程；hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。根据“Listen”可知，此处强调动作正在进行，故选D。知识点03 badly 教材P82【用法详解】badly adv. 严重地；厉害地Your hand looks badly burnt.  你的手似乎烧伤很重。I'm afraid she let us down badly.  很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。badly adv.  拙劣地；差；不认真仔细The whole project was badly managed. 整个项目管理得差劲。【典例讲解】Do you know what happened_ her mother？一Yes，she was _hurt by a car.A.with；badB.with；badlyC.to；badD.to；badly【答案】D【解析】句意：你知道她妈妈发生了什么事情吗？知道，她被一辆汽车严重撞伤了。考查介词及副词。第一个空，sth. happen to sb.是固定搭配，意为“某事发生在某人身上”，所以排除A、B选项；第二个空，设空处后面的hurt是动词，所以应用副词badly修饰，bad为形容词不符合题意，排除C选项；故答案选D。知识点04 hurt 教材P82【用法详解】hurt 作为动词用法：1) hurt v. （使）疼痛，受伤Did you hurt yourself ? 你伤着自己了吗？Stop it. You're hurting me. 住手。你弄疼我了。 2) hurt v. 感到疼痛My feet hurt. 我脚疼。It hurts when I bend my knee. 我的膝盖一弯就疼。hurt 作为形容词用法：1) hurt adj. （身体上）受伤的None of the passengers were badly hurt . 乘客中没有人严重受伤。2) hurt adj. （感情上）受伤的She was deeply hurt that she was not invited. 她未被邀请，感到十分难过。Martha's hurt pride showed in her eyes. 从马莎的眼睛可以看出她的自尊受到了伤害。 【典例讲解】Whats _with you?My toe_.A.matter; hurtB.the matter; hurtsC.matter; hurtsD.the matter; hurt【答案】B【解析】句意：-你怎么了？-我的脚趾受伤了。“你怎么了”有两种说法Whats wrong with you？和Whats the matter with you? My toe这一主语为单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选B。知识点05 protect 教材P82【用法详解】protect v. 保护；防护 protect sb from doing sth 保护.使其免于.what can women do to protect themselves from heart disease?  女性能做什么来保护自己不患心脏病呢？She'll fight like a tiger to protect her children.  她为了保护孩子，可以凶得像只老虎。【典例讲解】We wear sunglasses _ our eyes from the sun.A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected 【答案】B【解析】句意：我们戴太阳镜是为了保护我们的眼睛免受太阳的伤害。这里用to protect不定式做目的状语，故答案为B。知识点06 rush 教材P82【用法详解】rush v. 迅速移动；急促We have plenty of time; there's no need to rush. 我们的时间很多；用不着太急促。 We had to rush our meal. 我们只能匆匆忙忙地吃饭。 rush n. 猛烈移动；冲Shoppers made a rush for the exits. 购物者冲向出口。The door blew open, letting in a rush of cold air. 门被风刮开了，一股冷风疾冲进来。 【典例讲解】 Wheres your brother, Tim? I saw him the gym just now.A.to rush intoB.rushes intoC.rushed intoD.rush into【答案】D【解析】句意：蒂姆，你哥哥在哪里？刚才我看见他冲进了体操房。see sb do sth看见某人做了某事，故此处用动词原形，故我rush into，故选D。知识点07 put out 教材P82【用法详解】put out  熄灭，关，扑灭He put out the fire and went out.  他把火灭了后走了出去。The firemen put out the fire when we got there.  我们到那的时候消防队员已经扑灭了火。【典例讲解】Those young firemen were _ to _ the fire in the forest.A.enough brave, work outB.brave enough, put outC.brave enough, hand outD.enough brave, look out【答案】B【解析】句意：那些年轻的消防队员很勇敢，扑灭了森林里的大火。考查enough后置和动词短语。enough修饰形容词时，需要后置，排除AD。work out算出；put out扑灭；hand out分发；look out小心。根据“.the fire in the forest”可知，是扑灭了森林里的大火，故选B。【拓展】关于put的固定搭配put on 穿上，戴上，上映； put on a performance 演出 put on weight 增加体重put up 张贴，举起；挂起 put up with 忍受 put out 扑灭，熄灭；put off 推迟； put into 把.放进.里面； put onto 把.放在.上面；put in 把.放在.里面 put away 储存 put down 记下知识点08 burn 教材P82【用法详解】1) burn v. 使）烧毁，烧坏，烧伤，烧死All his belongings were burnt in the fire.  他所有的财物都在大火中付之一炬。 The cigarette burned a hole in the carpet.  香烟把地毯烧了个洞。 The house was burnt to the ground.  那座房子彻底焚毁了。2) burn v. 燃烧；烧A welcoming fire was burning in the fireplace. 壁炉里燃烧着暖融融的炉火。 Fires were burning all over the city. 全城处处燃烧着大火。 3) burn v. 着火；烧着The whole city was burning.  全城已是一片火海。 The smell of burning rubber filled the air. 空气中弥漫着橡胶燃烧的气味。 【典例讲解】Its so cold today, we must keep the fire _.A.to burnB.burningC.burnD.burnt【答案】B【解析】句意：今天太冷了，我们必须让火继续燃烧。考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配“keep sth. doing sth.”和“Its so cold today.”可知，天太冷了，所以我们必须让火继续燃烧，因此burning符合句意。故选B。【拓展】burn down意为“烧毁”，通常是指建筑物被完全烧塌。The school building was burned down in that big fire. 在那场大火中，学校大楼被烧毁。The whole village was burned down by the enemy. 整个村庄都被敌人烧毁了。burn up也有“烧毁”“烧掉”之意，但一般不是指建筑物。Lets burn up all this waste paper. 咱们把这些废纸都烧掉吧。All his books were burned up in the fire. 他所有的书都在这场火灾中被焚。知识点09 in hospital 教材P82【用法详解】in hospital：没有定冠词the的限制，in和hospital之间不用冠词，表示抽象引申含义，in hospital整个短语的意思是相对宽泛含义的“住院”，用法比较广泛。Doctors will keep her in hospital for at least another week.  医生会让她再住至少一个星期的院。in the hospital：表示具体意义，可能是到医院工作，也可能是到医院看护病人，由于有了定冠词the的限制，the hospital成为了一个具体指某个地点的名词，所以in the hospital的是指在医院这个地方。I want to work in the hospital.  我想在医院工作。【典例讲解】His mother was _. So he must stay _ to look after her.A.in the hospital， in hospital B.in hospital， in the hospitalC.in the hospital， in the hospital D.in hospital， in hospital【答案】B【解析】句意：他的母亲生病住院了。所以他必须留在医院照顾她。in hospital：生病住院；in the hospital：在医院里。结合句意可知选B。【拓展】 类似短语辨析：at table在吃饭，在用餐at the table在桌旁in front of在.（外部）的前面 in the front of在.（内部）的前面 go to school去上学go to the school去学校by sea乘船by the sea在海边in office执政in the office在办公室go to bed上床睡觉go to the bed朝床边走去知识点10 nod 教材P82【用法详解】nod v. 点头 过去式：nodded nod at/to sb. 向某人点头 I hope he'll give the nod to the plan.  我希望他会同意这个计划。She could only nod, because her mouth was full.  她只能点点头，因为她口里塞满了东西。With a nod and a smile, she took leave of her friends.  她点头微笑着向朋友告辞。【典例讲解】She_(nod) to me when she passed by me in the street.【答案】nodded【解析】句意：当她在街上经过我身边时她对我点头。这里是when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时态，主语也用一般过去时态，nod的过去式是nodded。根据句意及所给单词提示，故填nodded。知识点11 careful 教材P82【用法详解】careful adj. 小心；注意；谨慎He was careful to keep out of sight. 他小心翼翼地躲开别人的视线。 Be careful of the traffic. 注意交通安全。 Please be careful with my glasses (= Don't break them) . 请当心别打碎我的眼镜。 carefully adv. 小心地，谨慎地She put the glass down carefully.  她小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。I listened carefully to her story.  我认真听了她说的情况。【典例讲解】He is not _ to do his homework. So he always makes some mistakesA.careful enoughB.enough carefullyC.carefully enoughD.enough careful【答案】A【解析】句意：他做家庭作业不够细心。 所以他总是犯一些错误。考查形容词、副词辨析及enough用法。careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词；enough足够地、副词。根据题干可知，设空处用在系动词is后面作表语，因此这里应用形容词careful，排除B、C选项；enough作副词修饰形容词时应置其后，排除D选项；故选A。知识点12 news 教材P84【用法详解】1) news n. 消息；音信Tell me all your news. 把你最近的情况全都告诉我。 Do you want the good news or the bad news first? 你是想先听好消息还是坏消息？2) news n.  媒体对重要事情的报道；新闻， 不可数名词。 一则新闻：a piece of newsShe is always in the news . 她老在媒体露面。The wedding was front-page news . 这次婚礼成了头版新闻。【典例讲解】There will be a concert in our school tomorrow night._ exciting news it is!A.WhatB.HowC.What anD.How an【答案】A【解析】句意：明天晚上我们学校将有一场音乐会。多么令人兴奋的消息！考查感叹句。感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词，此处感用“what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”结构。故选A。【拓展】辨析：news, message与informationnews不可数名词意为“新闻,消息”，常指公众感兴趣的、近来发生的事情，尤指通过广播、电视、网络等报道的事件。message可数名词一般指口头传递或书写的“消息”。information不可数名词意为“消息;信息”，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。What's the latest news? 最新消息是什么？ Did he leave a message? 他留信息了吗？ For more information, please call the number below. 更多的信息，请拨打下面的电话。知识点13 match 教材P84【用法详解】match作为名词的用法1) match n.  火柴a box of matches  一盒火柴to put a match to sth  用火柴点燃某物2) match n. 比赛；竞赛a football match 足球比赛 a tennis match 网球比赛They are playing an important match against Liverpool on Saturday. 星期六他们和利物浦队有一场重要比赛。 3) match n.  相配的人（或物）；般配的人（或物）The curtains and carpet are a good match.  窗帘和地毯非常相配。Jo and Ian are a perfect match for each other.  乔和伊恩真是天造地设的一对。match作为动词的用法 match v. 般配；相配The doors were painted blue to match the walls. 门漆成了蓝色，为的是与墙的颜色相配。a scarf with gloves to match 一条围巾还有和它相配的手套【典例讲解】Your T-shirt _ your jeans but _ you.A.matches; fitsB.matches; doesnt fitC.fits; matchesD.fits; doesnt match【答案】B【解析】句意：你的T恤与你的牛仔裤很搭，但是不适合你。考查动词辨析。match与相配；fit适合，主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合。物与物的相配用match，排除C和D选项。根据“Your T-shirt matches your jeans”及but可知，此处应表示“不适合你”，故选B。能力拓展一 单项选择1.My brother decided _ money to buy a bicycle.A.saveB.savesC.to save D. saved【答案】C【解析】句意：我哥哥决定存钱买一辆自行车。考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.决定做某事，用不定式作宾语，是固定结构。故选C。2.I often hear Linda in the next room. Yeah. I also saw her the piano at seven just now. She is good at music.A.sing; playingB.singing; playedC.singing; playingD.sing; play【答案】A【解析】句意：我经常听到Linda在隔壁房间唱歌。嗯。刚才七点我还看到她在弹钢琴。她擅长音乐。考查非谓语动词。sing唱歌；play the piano弹钢琴；hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事，强调全过程、经常性”；see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，由第一个空前的“often”可知，第一个空用省略to的不定式作宾补，排除B和C，由第二个空后的“at seven just now”可知，第二个空用现在分词作宾补，排除D，故选A。3. _ try some fish? It looks delicious. It smells _. I dont want to eat it.A.Why not, badB.Why dont, wellC.Why not, goodD.Why not, badly【答案】A【解析】句意：为什么不尝尝鱼？看起来很好吃。它闻起来不好。我不想吃。考查特殊疑问句和词义辨析。why not do sth或why don't you do sth，意为“为什么不”，排除B。bad形容词，坏的；well副词，好地；good形容词，好的；badly副词，坏地。smells是系动词，其后用形容词，根据“I dont want to eat it.”可知，是不好的，故选A。4. _ you _ any better today, young lady? Yes, thank you, Doctor Mason. It _ as much as it _ yesterday.A.Are.feeling; doesnt hurt; didB.Arefeeling; hurts; hurtC.Do.feel; wasnt hurt; hurtD.Do.feel; hurts; did【答案】A【解析】句意： 小姐，你今天感觉好点了吗？ 是的，谢谢你，梅森医生。不像昨天那么疼了。考查时态。根据“today”可知，此句时态是现在进行时，因此“Are.feeling”符合句意；再者根据“yesterday”可知，现在没有昨天那么疼，因此“doesnt hurt；did”符合句意。故选A。5. A large number of football fans _ to Brazil to watch 2014 FIFA World Cup this summer.A.is going to rushB.rushedC.rushD.will rush【答案】D【解析】句意：今年夏天，大量的球迷涌向巴西去看看2014年世界杯。一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。be going to 动词原形，表示主观上打算在将来某个时间要做某事。结合句意，故选D。6.Firemen use water _.A.put out firesB.to put out firesC.to put out fireD.putting out fire【答案】B【解析】句意：消防员用水来扑灭火灾。考查非谓语动词。句中firemen名词，作主语，意为“消防员”，use动词，意为“使用”，作谓语动词，water名词，意为“水”，作宾语。空上应填to do不定式作目的状语。fire名词，作“火”之意，为不可数名词。作“火灾”之意，为可数名词，一场火灾可表达为a fire。消防员扑灭的应该是火灾，用名词复数表示一类事物。故选B。7.We have to stop the villagers _ the grass in the field.A.burnB.to burnC.burnedD.from burning【答案】D【解析】句意：我们必须阻止村民们在田里烧草。stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，固定搭配。分析选项，A. burn动词原形；B. to burn动词不定式；C. burned动词过去式；皆不符合语境，故排除A、B、C。故选D。8.Jack does his homework _ Mary. So they both always get good grades in the exams.A.more careful thanB.as careful asC.more carefully thanD.as carefully as【答案】D【解析】句意：杰克做作业和玛丽一样仔细。所以他们总是在考试中取得好成绩。考查副词原级。careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词。根据“Jack does his homework . Mary.”可知用副词carefully修饰动词，再由“So they both always get good grades in the exams.”可知两人都总是取得好成绩，由此推出是一样仔细，用as carefully as。故选D。9.The 24th Winter Olympics will be held in China in 2022._ good news it is!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.What an【答案】A【解析】句意：第24届冬奥会将于2022年在中国举办。这是多么好的消息呀！考查感叹句。news是不可数名词，what引导的感叹句结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语+其他）！”。故选A。10.Her red silk blouse her blue jeans very well and they also her very well.A.matches;fitB.matchs;fitC.fits;matchesD.fits;match【答案】A【解析】句意：她的红色丝绸上衣和她的蓝色牛仔裤很相配，而且也很合身。考查动词辨析。 match和相配，表示两个事物间的搭配关系；fit合适，表示大小或尺寸方面很合身；第一空主语是Her red silk blouse，是单数名词，所以这里动词要用三单形式，ch结尾变三单要加es，而第二空构成一个固定短语fit sb very well表示“很适合某人”，而第二空的句子主语是they，所以动词用原形，故选A。分层提分题组A 基础过关练一、 用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Everyone should play a part in _ (save) water.【答案】saving【解析】句意：每个人应该在节约水方面起作用。save“挽救，节约”，play a part in doing sth“在做某事方面起作用”，故填saving。2.I _（hear）the exciting news yesterday.【答案】heard【解析】句意：我昨天听到了令人兴奋的消息。根据“yesterday”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填heard。3.Nancy's left leg was _ (bad) hurt and she could not walk.【答案】badly【解析】句意：南茜的左腿受了重伤，不能走路了。hurt受伤，动词需用副词修饰；根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填badly。4.He fell off a big tree and _ (hurt) his arms.【答案】hurt【解析】句意：他从一棵大树上掉下来，伤了胳膊。根据“fell”可知句子是一般过去时，根据“and”可知用动词过去式形成并列结构。句子表达伤了胳膊，用动词过去式“hurt”。故填hurt。5.Jack _(rush) into the classroom with a book in his hand just now.【答案】rushed【解析】句意：刚才杰克手里拿着一本书冲进了教室。 根据时间状语just now可知是一般过去时态，rush是动词，冲。其过去式是rushed，故填rushed。6.It took the firemen two hours _ (put) out the fire.【答案】to put【解析】句意：消防队员花了两个小时才把火扑灭。句型It takes sb. st./sm to do sth.：做某事花费某人多少时间或金钱；结合句意和所给词可知答案是to put。7.There is much smoke. The building is _. (burn)【答案】burning【解析】句意：烟雾很大。大楼着火了。根据句子结构，该句为现在进行时，故应用“is +现在分词”结构，故所给动词burn应用现在分词形式。故填burning。8.I asked her if she was ready for the exam, and she_(nod) .【答案】nodded【解析】句意：我问她是否为考试做好了准备，她点了点头。nod点头，是一个动词。句中and连接了两个并列句，由前面这句话中I asked her可知，这里用的是一般过去时态，故这里也应填过去式nodded，注意要双写再加ed。9.She put every book back on the shelf _ (careful) as the teacher asked.【答案】carefully【解析】句意：她按照老师的要求把每本书都小心地放回书架上。careful“仔细的、小心的”，形容词；根据题干可知，设空处修饰前面的谓语动词，因此应用副词，与careful所对应的副词是 carefully“仔细地、小心地”，故填carefully。10.There are some football _ (match) on CCTV-5.【答案】matches【解析】句意：CCTV-5上有些足球比赛。match比赛，可数名词；some+可数名词的复数形式。故填matches。题组B 能力提升练一、 完型填空On a snowy evening, a rich lady was standing by the road. She was very worried, because her _1_ broke down. Just then a young man named Robert passed by. He was on his way back home as usual. The lady wondered, “Will the man _2_ me? He looks very cold and hungry.” But to her surprise, he stopped and asked, “Whats wrong, madam?” The lady told him what was happening. After a while, the car was at last fixed by Robert. She wanted to pay him. “No, that is _3_ madam,” he said. “I was just helping