英语四六级语法题考点总结.docx

英语四六级语法题考点经典总结一、非谓语动词近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%,平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项 目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？下 面我和大家就一起来分析一下：1、非谓语动词考查特点1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：All thingsbecause of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but takethe train.(1999.1)A. had been canceled B. have been canceledC. were canceled D. having been canceled四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里 是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。2)谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：I dorYt mindthe decision as long as it is not too late.A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingC. your delaying to make D. you delay to makeHad I remembered the windows, the thief would not havegot in.(1996.1)A. to close B. closingC. to have closed D. having closedYour hair wants. You'd better have it done tomorrow.A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut( 1997.6)这类题涉及三个方面：谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词？即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别？不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式？woke to find herself in hospital."beingdone结构”：该结构表示被动与正在进行，一般置于句首，表示原因。如：Being chased by some spies, he hid himself in the grass.(2)做表语测试中对表语的考查主要侧重在现在分词与过去分词的区别上，所以对于做表语 的非谓语动词，主要看分词与句子主语之间的关系。做表语的分词一般只有doing和 done两种形式。现在分词表示做表语的与主语是主谓关系；过去分词表示做表语的与 主语之间是动宾关系。根据使用规律，如果主语是无生命名词，则表语分词为现在分 词；如果主语是有生命名词，以过去分词居多，但也可以用现在分词，但意思不同。 如：How disappointed he felt at the result of the election.(他感到失望)How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election.(他令人失望)可接表语的系动词很多，除be外还有remain, feel, look, appear; seem, get, become, go。(3)做补足语一般做宾补的非谓语动词动词的形式选择与其它成分中的非谓语动词形式选择规 则基本相同。doing结构：分词与宾语构成主谓关系，表正在进行。When I caught himme I stopped buying things there andstarted dealing with another shop.A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheatingdone结构：分词与宾语构成动宾关系，表示被动与完成。Don't get your schedule;stay with us in this class.(1996.1)A. to change B. changing C. changed D. changeto do 结构：不定式表示将来，如 wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebody to do 等等。being done 结构：表示被动和正在进行，watch the flag being raisedCorn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it in Cuba.(2000.1)A. being cultivated B. been cultivatedC. having cultivated D. cultivatingto be done结构：用语表示将来与被动，一般用语主谓关系时可用to做宾补的动 词后，如：want something to be done, order something to be done 完成形式不能做 宾补。4)注意分析非谓语动词做什么状语不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，如表示目的只能是不定式，另外，测试中 也常有选择非谓语动词前连词的试题。因此，同学们应注意根据状语与句子间的关系, 判断连词的使用。5)注意不定式的特殊句式不定式在做定语和做状语时都有其特殊句式，注意这些句式的特点，考试中就会 少走一点弯路。如：have something to do 类：这类结构相当于汉语的连动结构，即”有事要做“，“买东西吃“，“借书看”等。a room in which to live 类：该类结构是a room to live in的变体。但如果不熟悉这个结构，考试中则难以决断。 如：You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from to suspend your tent. (1998.1)A. there B. them C. which D. whereThe professor could hardly find sufficient grounds his arguments in favor of thenew theory.(2000.6)A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to basethe first to do该结构表示如果名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或序数词、最高级本身做名词用，其 后应不定式做定语。the ability to do该结构表不，形容词变了的名词后用不定式做定语。the need to do该结构表示由动词变来的名词后用不定式做定语。the way to do该结构表示,在一些特定的名词后面常用不定式做定语，应注意记忆，如means, reason, time, pressure, moment6)熟记固定搭配，分清不定式与to加动名词其实容易产生不定式符号与介词混淆的只是为数不多的某些句式，只要平时注意 积累即可。prefer doing something to doing somethinglook forward to doing somethingbe used to doing something (习惯于做某事)stick to doing somethingobject to doing something/ have objection to doing somethingbe opposed to doing somethingadmit/confess to doing somethingI have no objection your story again.(2000.6)A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heardThe man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager of the company.A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told从出题人的心理来看，如果有to do something和to doing something的对比项，一 般答案是 to doing something 7)分清宾补的类别(1)感官动词后的宾补可以是doing, do, done, being done的结构，其中being done只用于少数动词后面， 如find, smell, feel 等。(2)have somebody do something 让某人做某事have somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事won't have somebody do something 不许某人做某事have something done 使某事被做have something + ving 让一直(3)catch,smell,keep,set,等只能接doing的结构，表示主动和正在进行。(4)leave somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事leave something undone 使某事只做了一半leave something to be done 事情有待于解决leave somebody to do something让某事做某事，表示将来(5)with somebody to do something宾补与宾语是主谓关系，表示将来。with somebody doing something宾补与宾语之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行。with something to do宾补与宾语间是动宾关系，表示将来，动作执行者在句中找的着。 with something to be done宾补与宾语是动宾关系，表示将来，但动作执行者在句中 找不着。with something done宾补与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示完成。8)注意下列结构中非谓语动词的体pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to do something不定式动作一般为状态动词，也可是终止性动词，表示与谓语动词同时存在或发生。pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to have done something不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to be doing something不定式动作与谓语动词同时进行9)熟记哪些动词后接不定式,哪些接动名词，如果两者都可，又有什么差别。既可接不定式，又可接动名词,用法有别的动词常考的有：forget,remembei; regret, mean, try 等。10)注意want/need/require表示"需要"时的特殊句式want/need/require表"需要"时，后接主动的动名词或被动的不定式，即doing或to be done的形式。不可混淆。二、比较级1. Test Yourself在我们分析比较级的测试特点探讨其应对策略之前，让我们首先看以下几题。1) Radio, television and press of conveying news and information.(1995.6)A. are the most three common meansB. are the most common three meansC. are the three most common meansD. are three the most common means2) If tap water were as dangerous as some people think,would be getting sick.(1998.1)A. a lot of more usB. more a lot of usC. a lot of us moreC. a lot more of us3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness by his lack of talent.(19991)A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as4) Americans eat as they actually need every day.(1998.6)A. twice as much proteinB. twice protein as much twiceC. twice protein as muchD. protein as twice much5) There are few electronic applications to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely6) The little man was more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1)A. nearly B. quiteC. hardly D. almost7) Certain programs work better for some for others.(1995.1)A. and B.than C. as D. but8) It is not unusual for workers in that region.(1995.1)A. to be paid more than a month lateB. to be paid later than more a monthC. to pay later than a month moreD. to pay late more than a month9) It is reported that adopted children went to know who their naturalparents are.(1997.1)A. the most B. most of C. most D. the most of10) The little man was one meter fifty high.(1997.1)A. almost more than B. hardly more than C. nearly more than D. as much as 参考答案：1 ) C 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) B2 .比较级测试特点在四级测试中，比较级属低档题，比较简单，考查范围大体有1）比较级形式的判断比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选择，more than与 as/so.as的选择。如上面的，。2）比较级的修饰语比较级的修饰语包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用。结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前，如，和。修饰语的选用根据其所表达的意思而定，如，。3）比较级结构与其它结构的区别如中形容词修饰语more than a month与比较级结构的区别，中most与the most的区别。3 .比较级应对策略1）如果选项中有比较级结构，则该题则为比较级考查题，可根据比较级使用规则选择 正确答案。2）比较级修饰语应注意more than或as.as结构之前。3）注意比较结构的完整性，要么是more than结构，要么是ds/so .as结构，或是 the more the more .的句型。4）注意结构的各种变体：结构内出现名词时的结构可以是as old a cat; as many /much/few/littleas。5）如果有比较 对象的选择应注意比较对象的一致性和互不包容性。如：His English is better than anyone else's in his class.二、比较级1. Test Yourself在我们分析比较级的测试特点探讨其应对策略之前，让我们首先看以下几题。1） Radio, television and press of conveying news and information.（1995.6）A. are the most three common meansB. are the most common three meansC. are the three most common meansD. are three the most common means2） If tap water were as dangerous as some people think,would be getting sick.(1998.1)A. a lot of more usB. more a lot of usC. a lot of us moreC. a lot more of us3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness by his lack of talent.(19991)A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as4) Americans eat as they actually need every day.(1998.6)A. twice as much proteinB. twice protein as much twiceC. twice protein as muchD. protein as twice much5) There are few electronic applications to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely6) The little man was more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1)A. nearly B. quiteC. hardly D. almost7) Certain programs work better for some for others.(1995.1)A. and B.than C. as D. but8) It is not unusual for workers in that region.(1995.1)A. to be paid more than a month lateB. to be paid later than more a monthC. to pay later than a month moreD. to pay late more than a month9) It is reported that adopted children went to know who their naturalparents are.(1997.1)A. the most B. most of C. most D. the most of10) The little man was one meter fifty high.(1997.1)A. almost more than B. hardly more than C. nearly more than D. as much as 参考答案：1 ) C 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) B2 .比较级测试特点在四级测试中，比较级属低档题，比较简单，考查范围大体有1）比较级形式的判断比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选择，more than与 as/so.as的选择。如上面的，。2）比较级的修饰语比较级的修饰语包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用。结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前，如，和。修饰语的选用根据其所表达的意思而定，如，。3）比较级结构与其它结构的区别如中形容词修饰语more than a month与比较级结构的区别，中most与the most的区别。3 .比较级应对策略1）如果选项中有比较级结构，则该题则为比较级考查题，可根据比较级使用规则选择 正确答案。2）比较级修饰语应注意more than或as.as结构之前。3）注意比较结构的完整性，要么是more than结构，要么是ds/so .as结构，或是 the more the more .的句型。4）注意结构的各种变体：结构内出现名词时的结构可以是as old a cat; as many /much/few/littleas。5）如果有比较 对象的选择应注意比较对象的一致性和互不包容性。如：His English is better than anyone else's in his class.三、情态动词1. Test Yourself首先让我们分析以下近几年情态动词的考题：1） This box is too heavy,give me a hand?（1998.1）A .would you mind B. would you please C. will you like to D. will you please to2） Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night , no matter what we during the day.（1999.1）A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done3)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you it.(1998.6)A. mustn't have done B. wouldn't have done C. mightn't have done D. didn't have to do4) If you don't like to swim, you stay at home.(1995.1)A. should as well B. may as well C. can as well D. would as well5) You him so closely; you should have kept your distance.(2000.6)A. shouldnt follow B. mustn't follow C. couldnl have been following D. shouldnl have been following6) You her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town fortwo weeks.(19996.1)A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen7) The room is in a terrible mess; it cleaned.(1996.6)A. carTt have been B. shouldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. wouldn't have been参考答案1 ) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) D 6) C 7) A2 .情态动词的测试要点从以上例题可以看出，四级语法对情态动词的测试大体有以下几点。1)情态动词的基本用法，如。2)情态动词+动词的完成形式的用法，如。3)情态动词的推测性用法。3 .情态动词的应对策略情态动词的使用主要根据其所表达的含义。解题时注意以下几点：1)情态动词自身结构要正确结构包括情态动词自身的搭配和其后的连带成分。除ought外情态动词后接原形 动词，测试中常将不同结构的动词置于一起设干扰项，如。四个选项都与请求有关, 但 would you mind 后接动名词，一般说 would you like to 而不是 w川 you like to, will you please后用原形动词，答案是would you please?2）注意情态动词推测性用法中各个情态动词使用的句型是否与题干句型一致。在情态动词的推测性用法中，must, can, may, might, could各用于不同的句型，应注意分辨。具体使用规律为：must只用于肯定句中。can/could不能用语肯定句中。may/might不能用语疑问句中。另外还应注意can't表示"不可能“，may not表示“可能不“。考试时，如果有原因说明自己的猜测，一般应该must, can't用而不是may, may not。如：He can't have stolen the money; he is not such kind of person.Some pleasant thing must have happened to him. He is so excited.3）注意推测性用法中谓语动词发生的时间。如果推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。There must have been no one in, for nobody answered the phone.如果推测的是正在进行的事情，情态动词后则用动词的进行形式。They must be talking about something very secret.如果推测的是现在的状态等，情态动词后则用原形动词He must be badly ill. He looks so pale.如果推测的是将来发生的事情，情态动词后同样用原形动词，这时，情态动词只能是 may/mightoThere may be a terrible storm in the following few days.4）注意"情态动词+动词的完成形式”所表达的意思与题干意思是否相符。其它"情态动词+动词的完成形式”并不表示推测，而分别表示：could have done 本来能够He didn't take part in the competition, he though.A. won B. didn't win C. could win D. could have wonneedn't have done本来没不要You There was plenty of time.A. needn't hurry B. can't hurryC. mustn't have hurried D. needn't have hurried3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：The projectby the end of 2000, will expand the city'stelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1999.6)A. accomplished B. being accomplishedC. to be accomplished D. having been accomplishedIf I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humorand self-restraint as if I were the one.(1996.6)A. to correct B. correctingC. having been corrected D. being corrected同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律，就可以判断题答案为C,题 答案为D。(2)对固定结构的考查，如：The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds hisarguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)A. to be based on B. to base onC. which to base on D. on which to baseThe pressure causes Americans to be energetic, but italso puts them under a constant emotional strain.A. to compete B. competingC. to be competed D. having competed题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D,题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案 为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。4)做状语的非谓语动词的选择做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6)A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being Believedshould/ought to have done 本来应该You me earlier. I could have helped you.A. should tell me B. should have toldC. need to tell D. needn't have toldshouldrYt/oughtn't to have done 本来不应该You him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow (2000.6)C. couldnt have been following D. shouldn't have been followingmight have done本来应该(用来表示一种责备)Youeven though you were busy at that time.A. might help him B. must have helped himC. might have helped him D. should help him这类题在设计干扰项时，一般都会有情态动词推测性用法的涉及，同学们应注意 分词上下文的逻辑和语意关系。5)注意常用情态动词的基本句法和表意功能其它常用动词的用法，如shall表示“命令“、“威胁“许诺”或征求许可，may/might as well等，同学们都应多多注意其用法。四、倒装倒装结构也是比较常见的一种句式，但考查的分量不大，考试都有哪些特点，如 何应对，首先让我们一起来看一下近几年的考题。1. Test Yourself.1) I could not persuade him to accept it,make him see theimportance of it.(19995.1)A. if only I could not B. no more than I couldC. or I could not D. nor could I2) Not until the game had begun at the sports ground.(2000.6)A. had he arrived B. would he have arrivedC. did he arrive C. should he have arrived3) The organization had broken no rules, but had it actedresponsibly. (19996.1)A. neither B. so C. either D. both4) We have been told that under no circumstances the telephonein the office for personal affairs.(1999.6)A. may we use B. we may use C. we could use D. did we use5) Only under special circumstances to take make-up tests.(1997.6)A. are freshmen permitted B. freshmen are permittedC. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen 参考答案：1) D 2) C 3) A 4) B 5) A2.倒装测试范围和应对策略倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装，但从近几年的测试来看，重点是部分倒装。对于倒 装句型同学们所应注意的就是在哪些情况下需要倒装，并且如何倒装。注意下面常见 的倒装条