新人教版高中英语必修第一册新人教版高中英语必修第一册：Writing——概要写作学案.docx

Writing概要写作点拨写作技巧概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的英语高考新题型，有准确性、完整性、概 括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生 在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要 用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心 人忌O一、注意事项1 .词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。2 .要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。3 .人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第 三人称。4 .写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。 二、写作流程1 .确定体裁，明确主题及结构体裁结构记叙文人物+时间+地点+事件 （起因+发展+结果）说明文事物的性质功能：对象+性质功能+利好 问题的解决方法或措施：问题+解决方法 现象类：现象+原因+结果议论文主题+补充论据（+结论）2 .确定主题句，找关键信息划出每一段的主题句，抓住关键信息，忽略次要信息。3 .改写关键信息，得出要点使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思, 如改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。4 .添加连接词，使行文连贯要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。常 用的关联词有：however, besides, in addition, therefore, instead 等。示例分步写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile late on Tuesday, cutting power and leading to small landslides and a tsunami.Four men and one woman died-two who suffered heart attacks and three who were crushed.About 300 prisoners escaped from the northern port city of Iquique in the immediate aftershock.The quake struck at about 8： 46 p. m.local time, some 60 miles northwest of Iquique.lt had a depth of 12.5 miles.Chile9s NationalEmergency Office asked coastal residents to leave for safe places. "The fact is, we will know the extent of the damage as time goes by and when we inspect （视察）the areas in the light of day, “ Chile's President Michelle Bachelet said early on Wednesday.“The country has faced these first emergency hours very well.”Residents in the port city of Antofagasta walked calmly through the streets to higher ground as traffic became heavy in some places. "Many people are fearful after experiencing the powerful earthquake in 2010, so they immediately rushed to higher ground when they heard the tsunami warning, “ said a government official. uThere have been lots of aftershocks and communications have been cut off in many of the affected areas.So people are waiting in the dark hills, not knowing what is to come, and hoping they will be able to return to their homes safely.vThe Pacific Tsunami Warning Center sent out several tsunami warnings, but called off all of them by early Wednesday.Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashore on the coast of Pisagua.Iquique, with a population of more than 200, 000, saw seven-foot waves.第一步：要点提炼要点1:地震发生的时间、地点；要点2：地震导致的结果：电力中断、人员伤亡等；要点3：余震导致的结果；要点4：地震导致了海啸。第二步：要点翻译1 . 一场8.2级的地震在当地时间晚上8： 46袭击了智利北部海岸。An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of noithem Chile at 8： 46 p. m.local time.2 .这场地震导致了电力中断、五人死亡。The earthquake caused power cuts and five deaths.3 .在很多地震灾区通信中断。（cutoff）Communications were cut off in many of the earthquake-hit areas.4 .地震导致了六英尺多高的海啸波浪。（cause）Tsunami waves of more than six feet wern caused by the earthquake.5 .这些海浪席卷了皮萨瓜沿岸。These waves washed ashore on the coast of Pisagua.第三步：词句升级1 .用分词短语作状语升级要点1和要点2An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile at 8： 46 p. m.local time, causing power cuts and five deaths.2 .用分词短语作定语升级要点4和要点5Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashore on the coast of Pisagua.第四步：连句成篇An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile at 8： 46 p. m.local time, causing power cuts and five deaths.（要点 1） There were lots of aftershocks and communications were cut off in many of the earthquake - hit areas.（要点 2） Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashore on the coast of Pisagua.（要点 3）