2023年东至县考研《英语一》统考试题含解析.docx

2023年东至县考研英语一统考试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut."This is going to be a really week, 9,he said unhappily to no one 2. He looked around thecampground. Hundreds of tall and green fir trees, some as tall as church towers,3 the mountainside, giving it theappearance of a green carpet. The sun would be setting soon. Then, Grady thought, maybe the 4 wouldn't be unbearable, But actually even up here in the 5, the hot stickiness of July was closely attached to him.Grady hated camping, but it was something his family 6 every summer. His father liked cooking over an open fire, telling stories about how to 7 things like bear attacks and swarms of bees. His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take 8 of animals. Jared had a collection of bug pictures that he'd 9 to the walls in his half of their room. Grady thought they were just scary and proof that Jared was a 10 kid.They set up camp-two11, one for his parents and one for himself and Jared. While everyone else started 12dinner, Grady, looking for some place to cool down, set off for the nearby stream, which was deep enough to 13 in.As he 14 the stream, something caught his eye. There was a(an) 15black bear cub一no more than twofeet tall with a lovely face. It was playing pretty 16 at the waters edge, 17 its surroundings. Grady moved closer to get a 18 look. Then Grady heard a sound behind him. He 19 his father saying that bear cubs would never be 20. Then he turned around and saw the cub's mother moving swiftly towards him.1、A.riskyB.lengthyC. peacefulD. interesting2、A.in particularB.in advanceC - in briefD. in silence3、A.blockedB.reflectedC. scarredD. covered4、A.dustB.campgroundC. heatD. sun5、A.riverB.skyC - towerD. mountain6、A.believed inB.stuck toC - came crossD. lived through7、A.surviveB.experienceC. exploreD. recognize8、A.careB.controlC. examplesD. pictures9、A.guidedB.pinnedC takenD. thrown10、A.sensitiveB.smartC , strangeD. toughlb、A.bedsB.roomsC , tentsD. plates12、A.alteringB.huntingC - orderingD. preparingSection II Reading Comprehension2、1. D2. A3. B4. C3、1. C2. B3. A4. D4、L C2. C3. D4. A5、1. C2. D3. A4. C6、1. choices2. what3. have observed4. faced5. . powerful6. instantly7. which8. hidden9. and10. how7、1. influence2. up3. fascinated4. studies5. hobby6. presidents7. of8. . whose9. laid10. DepartingSection III Translation8、1. D2. E3. F4. G5. A9> 1. G2. B3. E4. C5. F13、A. digB. swimC. hideD. sink14> A. crossedB imaginedC. nearedD. left15、A. adorableB. aggressiveC. injuredD. large16、A. cautiouslyB. joyfullyC. forcefullyD. nervously17、A. attackingB. destroyingC , hatingD. ignoring18> A. betterB. brighterC. fixedD. lasting19> A. foundB. 1earnedC - rememberedD. misunderstood20、A. aloneB. awakeC. smartD. scaredSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Columbus Day has been on American calendars since 1937, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared October 12 a federal holiday to honor the Italian explorer who “discovered“ the Americas in 1942. However, the holiday has always been controversial. Many people believe that Christopher Columbus should not be given credit for “discovering“ the continent, since native Americans had already been living there for generations.Besides, the explorer's mission was not a scientific “voyage of discovery”, but one intended to conquer the new land. Critics maintain that the Spanish army Columbus brought on his second voyage, caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands of indigenous(土著的)people. Those that survived the massacre became slaves, working in mines. Many, therefore, believe that the explorer's arrival should not be celebrated.In 1977, a delegation of Native nations at the International Conference on Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations in the Americas, proposed renaming the holiday to "Indigenous People's Day”. The proposal passed with a majority.However, convincing the rest of the country to do the same was not that easy. It took 15 years before the city of Berkeley in California adopted the name in 1992 and then 22 more years before Minneapolis, MN and Seattle, WA did the same in 2014. The following year, eight more cities including Albuquerque, NM and Portland, OR, began celebrating the second Monday of October as "Indigenous People's Day”. The movement really started to gain momentum in 2016 when 19 cities, including Boulder, CO and Phoenix, AZ, as well as the states of Minnesota and Vermont, all decided to rename the day to honor Native Americans. In 2017, 21 more cities, including Austin, TX and Los Angeles, CA have made the shift.With the increasingly larger number of cities moving away from Columbus Day each year, it will be interesting to see if "Indigenous People's Day" gets federal recognition. Meanwhile, it will continue to be the focal point of debates throughout theAmericas.1 > Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Indigenous People's Day Has Got Federal Recognition after Years' WorkB. Columbus Day Honoring the Italian Explorer Has Always Been ControversialC. Christopher Columbus Should Not Be Given Credit for Discovering AmericasD. More Cities Have Replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous People's Day2、Many people don't agree that.A. Columbus discovered the continentB. Columbus was a remarkable explorerC. Native Americans were abusedD. Columbus Day is a public holiday3、What can we infer from the second paragraph?A. Columbus was well received by indigenous peopleB. The indigenous people hated the Columbus, arrivalC. The Spanish army rebelled against Columbus' ruleD. Few soldiers survived the attack by native Americans4、Which of the following cities is the earliest to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous People's Day?A. Portland B. PhoenixC. Seattle D. Los AngelesText 2Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school-and I owe her a lot.She was under my care for the first two years of my medical training, yet I knew very little about her, except that she was thin, perhaps in her mid 70s. It might seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts of my patient, but I had a valid reason一Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been dead for about three years before I made a patient of her. Mrs. Jones was the dead body that I dissected （解剖）over the first two years of my medical training.Of course, her name wasn't really Mrs. Jones, but it seemed a little impolite to be conducting research into someone's body without even knowing its name, so out of courtesy, I thought she should have one. “Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on J went the song coming out of the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day and so she was christened.As the months passed, I soon forgot that Mrs. Jones had, in fact, once been alive. One day, though, she suddenly became very human again. Td been dissecting Mrs. Jones a good 18 months before I got around to the uterus （子宫）.After I'd removed it, the professor came up to me, "If you look at the opening carefully, you'll see that the angle indicates that this woman has had several children, probably three." I stared at it, and I suddenly felt very strange. This woman, who had given me something incredibly precious that I'd begun to take for granted, wasn't a dead body. She was a person, a mother, in fact.At my graduation, the same professor came over to congratulate me. I explained the story about Mrs. Jones to him, and recalled what he'd told me about her having children and how that had affected me all those years ago.“Well,“ he said, “at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn it into a person. Now you're a doctor, the trick is to have a person and not turn them into a dead body,“ and he laughed, shook my hand and walked away.1、 Why didn't the author know much about Mrs. Jones?A. Because he was irresponsible for his patients.B. Because he wasn't allowed to ask for her privacy.C. Because he didn't know her until she passed away.D. Because he was too careless while dissecting her.2、How did Mrs. Jones get her name?A. It was passed down from the seniors of my school.B. It came from a song being played when we first met.C. She was named after a well-known singer I liked best.D. It just occurred to me when I opened the bag of her.3、 What could be the author's feeling for Mrs. Jones now?A. Grateful. B. Pitiless.C. Hateful. D. Guilty.4、What did the professor imply by his words in the last paragraph?A. Medical students are able to bring the dead back to life.B. Being a doctor has nothing to do with the medical training.C. Good doctors never fail to save their patients from dying.D. Medical staff ought to have respect for life and humanity.Text 3For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can*t a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atal a in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things living cells, tissue, and even organs.Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 499, when a research group at North Carolina's Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organsfrom kidneys to ears.The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient's body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient's own cells and will not be rejected by the body's immune system.Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala's medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals5 chances of survival.1、In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?A.Donated cells, tissues and organs.B.Rejectedcells, tissuesandorgans.C.Cells, tissuesand organsof one's own.D.Cells, tissues andorgansmadeof steel.2、What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?A.PatientsB.RatsC.SheepD.Soldiers3、Why is generative medicine considered innovative?A. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.B. It will strengthen the human body's immune system.C. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.D. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs. 4> What is the writer's attitude towards regenerative medicine? A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Doubtful.D. Reserved.Text 4Flowers make people happy. And while that might seem obvious, there hasn't been much research to prove the point until now.Some new studies by Rutgers University scientists support the idea strongly, and the experts go on to assume that flowers have flourished on this planet, with their beauty evolving in recent thousands of years, partly because humans are so attached to them.Tn a test, bunches of flowers were sent by florists to 113 men and women in a retirement community. All 113 got flowers and a notebook, but some got them earlier and received a second bunch when the others got theirs. By now you can guess the outcome. The more flowers, the more smiles.The results of the studies got the scientists to thinking about how the flower industry of today has evolved into growing things that serve no other purpose than emotional （情感上的）satisfaction. Nature won't even pollinate （授粉）many of the domesticated flowers. Just among roses, there are so many types created by humans that, clearly, flowers aren't what they used to be. But ifs likely our collective hand has played a role longer than you might think.Geneticist （遗传学家）Terry McGuire suggests that nature's prettier flowers got to survive and develop well because people didn't destroy them when they cleared for agriculture. Instead, they grew them and have been doing so for over 5,000 years. "Because they're a source of pleasure, we take care of them. In that sense they5 re like dogs. They are the pets of the plant world. McGuire says.Here is one way that might have worked:Many species of flowers that are now planted used to grow only when the ground was disturbed, McGuire explains. "As humans moved into agricultural settings, these flowers would have been weeds.” “These flowers might have been tolerated because of their beauty. The seeds would have been preserved and replanted. Over time, the best of these flowers might have been selected and the seeds more carefully preserved.1、The underlined word "theirs“ probably means.A. flowersB. notebooksC. flowers and notebooksD. a second bunch of flowers