2023新人教版高中英语选择性必修四unit4知识点归纳总结.docx

Unit 4 Sharing®目标导航重点词汇阅读单词1. weed n.杂草；野草VZ.&应.除杂草2. clay n.黏土；陶土3. bubble应,起泡；沸腾4. jawn.颌；下巴5. circus n.马戏团6. hutn.简陋的小房子（或棚、舍）7. fireplace n.壁炉8. saucer n.茶碟；杯托9. kettle加 （烧水用的）壶;水壶10. pan n.平底锅；烤盘11. jarz?.雁子；坛了12. grill n.烤架；烤肉餐馆13. doorway/"门口；出入口；门道14. leftover/,吃剩的；残留的儿吃剩的食物；遗留物15. handshake n.握手16. chorus n.合唱曲；合唱团m.合唱；齐声说17. plug".封堵；补足机堵塞物；插头；插座18. tablet/?.平板电脑；便笺本；药片19. contracts.感染（疾病）;与订立合同（或契约）儿合同；契约20. grant v/.同意;准许机拨款21. jarnn.果酱；堵塞22. tube6管子；管状物23. washroom n.洗手间；厕所24. tune/1.曲调；曲子调音；调节；调频道25. relays.转发;转播儿接力赛;接班的人26. cardiac 切.心脏病的；心脏的27. circuit n.巡回；环形线路28. hypothetical。切.假设的；假定的29. Papua New Guinea巴布亚新几内亚（国家名）我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。People who take part in sports must be in condition.参加运动的人一定能保持良好的健康状态。5.动词+形容词+介词be fond of 爱好，be familiar with 熟悉，be suitable for 适合于，be late for 迟到，be good at 擅长于，be afraidof害怕Others may be fond of titles and honors, but I am not.人皆好名,我则不然。You coward! What are you afraid of?你这胆小鬼！你怕什么呢？即学即练4找出下列句中的动词短语I don't get on with the people at work.(2)1 don't much care for television.I'm afraid Ill have to ring off.Someone is calling me.【答案】l.get on with2.care for3.ring off五、介词短语介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。1.常见的介词短语(1)介词 + 名词:at the door, into the bag介词 + 代词：for me, of others(3)介词 + 动名词:in doing so, to my saying that(4)介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句：over what he had better do(5)介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式：on how to do this(6)介词 + 介词短语：from across the street, until after dinner(7)介词 + 副词：from below(8)介词 + 复合结构：with the light on介词 + 不定式(but/except)： .did nothing but sleep2 .介词短语的用法用作表语The house is in fairly good condition.这所房子状况尚好。She looks like her mother.她像她母亲。用作宾语Choose a book from among these.从这些书中选一本吧。The window is never opened except in summer.除夏天夕卜， 这扇窗户从未打开。(3)用作定语I like the design on his tie.我喜欢他领带上的图案。I've decided to leave on the afternoon of the 18th.我决定 18 号下午离开。用作状语Mr Smith was injured in the war.史密斯先生在战争期间受过伤。He walked by me without noticing me.他从我身旁走过而没有注意到我。(5)用作补语Kelly is employed as a mechanic.(宾语补足语)凯利受雇当技工。He is regarded as the best doctor in town.(主语补足语)他被认为是本城最好的医生。 即学即练5找出下列句中的介词短语A man stepped out from behind the wall.Change the oil in the car every 5, 000 miles.I saw him walking along the street.答案l.from behind the wall2.1 n the car3 .along the streetI .指出下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语1. The kids are playing on the grass rather happily.2. They picnicked in the woods.3. I won*t go home until after the exam.4. It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.5. Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down? 6. At last, the police found out the car full of drugs. n .完成句子1. I can to catch you at least.我跑得足够快，至少能抓到你。2. I know he is slow at understanding, but you have to 我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。3. Did you do this ?你这样做是有意的还是无意的？4. This is an article .这是一篇很值得研究的文章。5. They need more materials relevant to .他们需要更多的和目前问题有关 的资料。【答案】1. run fast enough2.be patient with him3.by design or by accident4.worthy of careful study5.the present question趣写作园地演讲稿演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿等，句子要求短小精悍、铿锵有力。赞成什么、反对什么要旗帜鲜 明，不能模棱两可。基本框架1 .称呼语：最常用的是ladies and gentlemen,也可根据情况选用my dear friends； hello, everyone等。2 .具体内容：开门见山，提出主题，对主题要进行清楚、客观的论述，最后简明扼要地总结演讲。3 .结尾：最常用的结尾是 Thank you for your listeningo常用词块1. like to help strangers喜欢帮助陌生人2. be full of love 充满爱3. need others* help需要别人的帮助4. appeal for aid 恳求援助5. hold a heated discussion 开展热烈的讨论6. poor children in need in remote areas需要帮助的偏远地区的贫困儿童7. make our society more harmonious 让社会更力口和谐8. lack necessities of life 缺少生活必需品9. be badly in need of our assistance 急需我们的帮助10. with our joint efforts在我们的共同努力下常用语句夺人眼球开头句My name is.Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.! shall be speaking about.我是今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是Good morning, everyone! It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on.大家上午好！很荣幸能和你们分享一下关于.我的看法。It's my honour to stand here and say something about friendship.站在这里，谈谈关于友谊的话题对我来说是件荣幸的事情。亮点出彩主体句The topic of my speech today is我今天演讲的主题是As far as I am concerned, I think it is a good idea to就我而言, 我认为是一个好主意。I would like to concentrate on the problem of.我想把重点集中在问题上。As is known to us all, failure is the mother of success, but few people can really understand what the saying means.我们都知道失败是成功之母，可是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。韵味无穷结尾句Thanks for your listening (to my speech).感谢大家倾听我的演讲。That's all I want to say about this point,关于这一点，我就讲这些。假如你是李华，现任学校学生会主席。最近，你所在的城市正开展“帮助贫困孩子”的活动。你将代表学 生会起草一份演讲稿，号召同学们帮助这些孩子们，并利用暑假时间积极到边远地区去参加志愿者活动。 主要包括以下要点：1 .介绍贫困孩子的现状；2 .呼吁同学们参加活动。注意：1 ,词数80左右；3 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；4 .开头语和结束语已给出，不计词数。Dear brothers and sisters,Good morning, everyone! Pm Li Hua, chairman of the Students* Union.Thanks for your listening.【参考范文】Dear brothers and sisters.Good morning, everyone! I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Students' Unionam earnestly calling for your active participation in the campaign to be held in our city, whose theme is to help poor children in need in remote areas.Far away from the city, many children of our age are terribly lacking in necessities of life.Besides, good education is unavailable for them.What's worse, some are living alone without their parents' company.They are badly in need of our assistance now.Do not hesitate to join us to be a volunteer in such a meaningful event.I have a firm belief that with our joint efforts, the children there will surely have a brighter future.Thanks for you】 listening.30. Ghana力口纳（国家名）31. Congo刚果（国家名）32. Panama巴拿马（国家名）重点单词1. parcel n.包裹试裹好；打包2. mail n.邮件；信件；邮政以邮寄；发电邮给3. secondary。力中学的；次要的4. privilege .优惠待遇;特权5. cotton n. I帛布;1 帛花6. uniform n.校服；制服。矽一致的；统一的7.lately也最近；不久前；近来8.shade说给遮挡（光线）；加灯罩；把涂暗机阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分9. rigid a力.死板的；固执的10. wrinkle M&也使脸上）起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹11. forehead n.额；前额12. housing n.住房；住宅13. platform 平台；站台；舞台14. drag W.拖;拽可.&泣缓慢而费力地移动15. resign vi.& vL辞职;辞去1.1 input .情况；信息；投入；输入 以输入17. criterion n. （p/.criteria）标准;准则；原则18. pray5& 川企盼；祈祷词汇拓展1. dust n.沙土；灰尘vi.&近.擦灰一dusty a切.布满灰尘的2. rubber/?.橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶一rub W.&近.擦；摩擦；揉；搓3. chemist n.化学家；药剂师；药房一chemistry .化学chemical a的.化学的4. ripe时成熟的；时机成熟的ripen W.&忧.（使）成熟5. disabled d力.有残疾的;丧失能力的disability 缺陷；障碍一disable泣.使（某人）残废； 使无能6. deserve位.值得；应得；应受一deserving M.值得的；应得的7. consultation n.咨询；咨询会consult 以咨询；请教consultant 小 顾问8. stability n.稳定（性）；稳固（性）一stable M,稳定的；牢固的unstable画.不稳定的重点词组1. a chorus of 齐声； 异 口同声2. not to mention更不用说；且不说3. take for granted认为是理所当然；对不予重视4. relay to转达给；转发给5. pray that 但愿重点句型1. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.我只要几分钟就走到学校了，路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生。2. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!不久前的 天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试 管里冒了出来，溅的到处都是！3. Lately, all of us have seen Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world, helping other countries to develop.最近，我们都在电视上看到中国人民在世界上遥远的地方帮助其他国家发展。4. And we see Chinese miners, oil workers, agricultural experts, mechanics, and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world.我们看到中国矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落工作。5. Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人们也得到了帮助。&知识精讲知识点01 drag诃.拖；拉；扯vt.&试缓慢而费力地移动先练基础单句语法填空(l)The chemist with wrinkles (drag) the dusty parcel from under the bed and unfolded it. 【答案】dragged读后续写之手的肢体动作：drag/draw/pull拉；cup one's hands over把手窝成杯状；slide one's hands into.将手伸进；put one飞 hands to one cheeks 用双手捂住脸；spread one飞 hands 摊开 双手再提能力完美写作完成句子背诵这位父亲站起来，盯着大儿子的眼睛，把手窝成杯状托住儿子的脸。The man stood up, gazed in the eyes of his oldest son and cupped his hands over his son's fhce.汤姆打开车门，把司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。Tom opened the car door, dragged the driver out and sent him to the police station.知识点2 privilege ,特权；特别优待；优惠待遇 v.给予特权；特别优待【先练基础单句语法填空(1)1 take it for granted that I have the privilege (enter) the lab at my will.(2)1 am (privilege) to relay to you that you have won the first prize in the competition.=It is to relay to you that you have won the first prize in the competition.【答案】1. to enter2.privileged, a privilegeIt is a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有特权做某事privileged 办有特权的；受特别优待的be privileged to do sth.有幸做某事【再提能力】完美写作.词汇升级.背诵(3)(简单表达)1 am greatly honored to deliver a speech on how to protect the environment.(高级表达)1 am greatly privileged to deliver a speech on how to protect the environment.知识点3 deserve vi.&"应受；应得；值得【先练基础单句语法填空(l)Although he resigned，he still did whatever he could to help the disabled , so he deserved .(praise)=Althoughheresigned ,hestilldidwhateverhecouldtohelpthedisabled,sohedeserved .(praise)=Althoughheresigned ,hestilldidwhateverhecouldtohelpthedisabled，sohedeserved .(praise)【答案】1 .praising, to be praised, praise deserve sth.值得；应得某事/物deserve doing/to be done值得被（此处用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似用法的动词还有：need, want, require 等）deserve it（ 口语）活该；自作自受 【再提能力】完美写作完成句子背诵面对新冠疫情的爆发，我姑姑毫不犹豫地前往武汉，在那里，她帮助挽救了成百上千的生命。因此，我 姑姑值得尊敬。Faced with the outbreak of CO VID-19, my aunt went to Wuhan without hesitation, where she helped to save hundreds of lives.So my aunt deserves respect/respecting/to be respec/ed.知识点4 take.for granted认为是理所当然；对不予重视take it for granted that+从句 认为理所当然take.seriously 认真对待take one's time不用急；慢慢来take pride in 以自豪take charge of 负责，掌管take advantage of 利用 【能力提升】完美写作完成句子背诵我们总是一厢情愿地认为地球可以提供给我们无穷无尽的自然资源，因此我们过度开发资源。We always take it for gianted thal the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources, so we overdevelop the resources.上个月我负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我充分利用每个向同学寻求建议的机会，因此我完美地 组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为骄傲。When I took charge of the speech activity last month, I took it seriously took advantage of every chance to ask my classmates for their opinions so that I organized the activity perfectly.All of my classmates took pride in me.知识点 5 be doing.when.The other day I jyasushoing the boys a chemistry experiment 皿期，before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来, 溅的到处都是！【先练基础】单句语法填空(l)We (swim) in the lake when suddenly the storm started.(2)Tom had just fallen asleep someone knocked at the door.(3)The thief was about to put his hand into the lady's handbag the bus suddenly stopped.答案1 .were swimming2.when 3.when句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do.when.正要做突然 be on the point of doing.when.正要做突然 had (just) done.when刚做完这时突然【再提能力】完美写作完成句子背诵（4）我们正要离开时隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。We were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room.我正在上网搜索相关信息我的手机突然响了。I was searching the Intemet for the lelevant information when my cellphone rang.私语法精讲短语英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为 名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句 法功能类似。观察例句1. So Eve been here in the jungle for about a month now.2. My secondary school is a bush school.3. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.4. Fve had to become much more imaginative in my teaching.5. Right now I'm feeling very excited.归纳用法L例句1中的黑体部分为介词短语。6. .例句2中的黑体部分为名词短语。7. 例句3中的黑体部分为动词短语。8. 例句4中的黑体部分为形容词短语。9. .例句5中的黑体部分为副词短语。一、名词短语名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。完整的名词短语由三个部分组成：限定词、修饰词、名词。名词 短语可以充当句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分。many good students许多优秀的学生his beautiful wife他美丽的妻子the best answer最好的答案those sweet roses那些甜美的玫瑰These red roses are for you.（作主语）这些红玫瑰是送给你的。He brought a new book with him.（作宾语）他带来 了 一本新书。He is my best friend.（作表语）他是我最好的朋友。名词短语的三个部分并非每一次都要同时出现，在特定场合下，这三个部分都有可能省略。修饰词是 名词短语中最不重要的部分，如果不需要描述名词的状态特征则完全可以省略。比如a book同样是正确的 名词短语。如果说话人确信听众知道自己在讨论什么东西，则名词也可以省略。比如Of those answers, this one is the best.这里的the best指的就是the best answero在面对面交流的时候，修饰词和名词有时甚至可以 一起省略。假设你在花店，用手指向一捧玫瑰花，对花店老板说“I want those.”的话，花店老板很清楚你想 要什么。唧学即练1找出下列句中的名词短语，并指出其作什么成分。I have three close friends.There are some red roses on that small table.The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.【答案】1 .three close friends 作宾语 2.some red roses 作主语；that small table 作宾语3.the cute boy 作主语；blue jeans 作宾语；my brother 作表语二、形容词短语形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。1 .两个或多个形容词可以由and, but等对等连词连接，构成形容词短语。Your room is large and beautiful.（作表语）你的房间大且美丽。He is young but clever.（作表语）他年轻但聪明。2 . very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。It is very hot today.（作表语）今天很热。The road is long enough.（作表语）这路够长的。3 .介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。I am sure of success.（作表语）我确信会成功的。The bottle is full of water.（作表语）瓶子里装满了水。4 .不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。He is sure to come.（作表语）他一定会来的。名师点津形容词短语在句中还可以作状语和后置定语。X.形容词短语作状语说明主语的情况，可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间等，或对谓语作补充 说明。Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy maths problem.（作原因状语）他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。The lost boy spent three days in the forest cold and hungry.（作伴随状语）那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.（作让步状语）不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。2.形容词短语作后置定语Factories, big or small, can be seen there.在那里你可以看到大大小小的工厂。The house worth is 500, 000 yuan was sold by his son.那栋价值高达五十万人民币的房子被他儿子卖掉了。即学即练2找出下列句中的形容词短语，并指出其作什么成分。Glad to accept, the girl nodded her agreement.The room was awfully dirty.He cast it a second time, and drew in an old basket full of sand.【答案】1 .glad to accept作原因状语2 .awfully dirty 作表语3 .full of sand作后置定语三、副词短语副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。在句中主要作状语。1 .两个或多个副词可以由and, but等对等连词构成副词短语。I tried again and again.（作状语）我试了 一遍又一遍。2 . very, extremely, clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语。He runs extremely fast.（作状语）他跑得快极了。The teacher speaks clearly enough.（作状语）老师说得够清楚的。3 .其他类型的副词短语I was so deeply moved by his deeds that I couldnt fall asleep deep into the night.（作状i吾） 他的行为深深打动了我，在深夜我无法入睡。We air the bedrooms every day.（作状语）我们每天给卧室通通风。即学即练3找出下列句中的副词短语He can finish that much quicker.She types quickly and correctly.That man talked too much.【答案】l.much quicker2 .quickly and correctly3 .too much四、动词短语动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语（以动词为中心），表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独动词 差不多的一种固定搭配。在实际使用中，通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。动词短语的搭配可分为下列五 种基本类型：1 .动词+介词go over 复习，listen to 听，think about 考虑，look for 寻找，rely/depend on 依靠，look into 调查，play with 玩，send for派人去请，consist of由构成，arrive at到达He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper.在签署该项文件之前，他想跟他的秘书商议一下。He has been asked to account for his absence.他已被要求说明缺席的原因。2 .动词+副词eat up吃光，give up放弃,hold up举起，put on穿，上演，turnon打开，try on试穿They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly.他们离得那么远，我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚。Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers o