2023年天津市河北区考研《英语一》考前冲刺试题含解析.docx

2023年天津市河北区考研英语一考前冲刺试题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)I have learnt a lot about Chinese life and culture while teaching inFirst, family life quite in China from that in the USA. In the USA, many young people 2 home after they finish their education and start working. However, in China, it is 3 for people to live with their parents until they get married. 4 many of my Chinese friends told me that their 5 lived with them and helped take care of them when they were children. It seems that Americans think independence is more important 6 the Chinese think family relationships are more important.Bargaining is another 7 that T have tried to learn. In the USA, prices are 8 and you can't ask for a lower price. However in some small Chinese stores and tourist places, you are 9 to bargain. My Chinese friends taught me to ask for 40 percent or 50 percent 10 the original price. If the salesperson doesn't agree to my price, I should 11 to leave and he might let me come back and sell me the item. It is a skill that you have to 12 if you live in China.Tipping hasn't been easier to 13, In the USA, many people in the service 14 want to get 15moneyfor serving customers. Tipping is not a part of Chinese culture. 16 I tried to tip a taxi driver. He looked a little 17 and refused to take the money. In dinners, perhaps what surprises an American visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their 18. Actually, this is a 19 of true friendship and politeness. My Chinesefriend told me if I didn't want to eat it, I should just 20 the food in the plate. 1、A. unique B. different C. private D. harmonious 2、 A. come B. build C. leave D. abandon 3、 A. regular B. true C. common D. usual 4、A. Also B. However C. Therefore D. Although 5、 A. parents B. relatives C. babysitters D. grandparents 6> A. while B. since C. when D. as 7、 A. way B. custom C. lesson D. habit 8、 A. made B. agreed C. charged D. set 9、 A. expected B. taught C. suggested D. required 10、 A. up B. away C. off D. on 11、 A. promise B. pretend C. decide D. hope 12、 A. tolerate B. understand C. practise D. consider8. D9. A10. C11. B12. C13. A14. D15. B16. B17. D18. D19. C20. ASection II Reading Comprehension2、1. A2. D3. B4. C5. B3、1. C2. B3. A4. C4、1. B2. D3. C4. A5、1. D2. B3. A4. B6、1. association2. who/that3. . waiting4. watching5. . to arrive6. followed7. on8. probably9. were introduced10. cultural7 1. from2. But3. undefeatable4. walking5. as6. it7. am doing8. at9. else10. that/itSection III Translation8、1. G2. F3. D4. B5. A9、1. A2. F3. E4. D5. G13、A.adjust to B. turn to C. refer toD.stick to14、A.areaB. department C. branchD.industry15、A.easyB. extra C. pocket D.prize16、A.OftenB. Once C. SometimesD.Before17、A.excitedB. satisfied C. frightened D. confused18、A.ownB. childrenC. neighbors D. guests19、A.signalB.markC. sign D. feature20、A.leaveB.remainC. put D. tasteSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followingfour texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a largenumber of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception （感知） of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV （or a similar distraction） can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual clues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them-in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity （新 I日研究的差异）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled individually by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal, " Brunstrom says. nThis shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.1'These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.1、What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A. How we feel the food we eat.B. When we eat our meals.C. What element the food contains.D. How fast we eat our meals.2、What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?A. You would probably be more particular about food.B. You would not feel like eating the same food.C. You would have a good appetite.D. You would not feel so hungry.3、What do we learn from the 2011 study?A. Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B. Food labels may influence our body's response to food.C. Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.D. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.4、What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?A. Trick ourselves into eating less.B. Choose food with fewer calories.C. Concentrate on food while eating.D. Pick dishes of the right size.5、What is the main idea of the passage?A. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.Text 2Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows' milk fbr health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free （非乳制的）options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows' milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some "really bad“ dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwichThe two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast （酵母）.This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of friendly. According to the company's website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water. Best of all since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows' milk alternatives available to consumers.1、The underlined word "those“ in paragraph 1 refers to.A. alternatives B. productsC. people D. reasons2、The company s founders were motivated to make the new product because of.A. their deep concern for the environmentB. the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently availableC. the over-consumption of the dairy-based productsD , their worry that farm animals were poorly treated 3、What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.C. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cow's milk.4、Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A , Healthier CheeseB. New Milk Saves PlanetC. Making Milk without CowsD. Fresher Milk, Better FutureText 3Phone batteries rarely last a full day anymore, so carrying compact chargers （小巧的充电器）is becoming normal. But many of these so-called portable devices are heavy, thick and inconvenient一until Solar Paper is developed.Chicago engineers have designed a super-thin, lightweight panel （面板）called Solar Paper capable of charging an iPhone in two hours and many panels can be combined to boost its power. It was created by Chicago-based Yolk. After raising more than $1 million online for the production, it is now available to purchase throughout the country. It comes in four versions-2.5W, 5W, 7.5W and lOw-depending on the output needed for various devices. And these different models are created by combining individual 2. 5W panels together.A 2.5W panel will charge an iPhone 6 or Galaxy S3 in five hours. The 5W version charges the same devices but cuts changing time to two hours or three hours if it's cloudy. The 7.5W model Solar Paper changes the devices in the same time as the 5W version but produces more energy when it is cloudy. The 10W version is ideal（理想的）for the iPad Air 2, and will charge a device in 2.5 hours. Each individual panel measures 3.5 inchesx 6.7 inchesx0.6inches, weighs 60g and 1.5mm thick.Other features include a unique automatic reset （重置）function which stops and starts the Paper charging when cast with a shadow or placed in sunlight. Other solar chargers require you to re-plug the wire at these conditions. It also has a low-energy LCD screen that displays the amount of power the Solar Paper produces in real time.1、What does the underlined word “boost“ in the second paragraph mean? A. Balance.B, IncreaseC. Possess.D. Reduce.2、How is Solar Paper different from other solar chargers?A. It can be carried wherever you go.B , It can produce more electricity.C. It can produce power even if it's rainy.D. It can get reconnected automatically after a shadow.3、What is the author's purpose in writing the text?sA. To introduce the strengths of solar chargers.B. To praise Chicago engineers for their efforts.C. To introduce a new type of solar charger.D. To advise producers to make phone batteries last long.4、What can we know about the Solar Paper?A. Yolk started an online activity to fund production of Solar Paper.B , Customers are able to buy Solar Paper all over the world.C. The 7. 5W version is the best choice if users charge an iPad.D. The LCD screen shows how much current an iPhone uses.Text 4Just a few years out of law school, I decided that I wanted to write fictions. The only thing I had ever published before was a law-review article. I had made great efforts to write when T came home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.In my first year, I sold two stories. Then I wrote a novel, but I thought it wasn't good enough, so I ended up putting it in a drawer. My second novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, was published to glowing reviews and received the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write at my kitchen table.Sometimes genius （天才）is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.1、When did the author decide to devote himself to writing fictions?A. When he was tired from his work.B , Straight after graduation from law school.C. On being informed his law-review article came out.D. When his hobby was disturbed by his work.2、We can infer from the second paragraph that the author .A. led a wealthy lifeB. arranged his life reasonablyC. was too diligent to relax himselfD. remained single3、What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage?A. Failure is the mother of success.B. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.C. It is never too old to learn.D. It is the first step that costs troublesome.4、Why did the author give the example of Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot?A. To make a comparison between them and himself.B. To show creativity needs energy and efforts.C. To persuade the readers of their great talents.D. To recommend their two masterpieces.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A -G for each numbered paragraph (41