2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2.docx

2022年全腱学穗走英语统一考试试题Part I Ustening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speaker. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a uestion about what is said. The uestion will be read only once, after you hear the uestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.uestion: What's the matter with the womanYou will read:A. She is sick.C. She is hungry.Here C is the right answer.Now let's begin with uestion Numberl.1. A. John failed the exam.C. John passed the exam, but scored low.2. A. To travel by train.C. Togo hikingA. 1-231-555-1212.C. 1-213 -555-1212.3. A. Morning sickness.C. A pain in her right leg.4. A. Doctor and patient.C. Agent and customer.5. A. To buy another pair of shoes.C. To turn to his brother for help.6. A. He is offering a piece of advice.C. He is attending his daughter.7. A. To ask the man to call her back.C. To do some gardening.B. She is bitten by an ant.D. She spilled her paint.Sample Answer A BDB. John didn't take the exam.D. It look John a long lime to pass the exam.B. Togo by taxiD. To rent a car.B. 1-213-555-2112.D. 1-231-555-2112.B. A freuenl headache.D. A boring hospitalization.B. Boss and secretary.D. Driver and passenger.B. To help his brother right away.D. To seek advice from the woman.B. He is examining a patient.D. He is taking a patient's history.B. To go to the botanic garden.D. To play tennis.B. Louise loves being a nurse.官方网站：8. A. Louise is not a new comer.They operate at room temperature at a pressure "about ten times the pressure of a bicycle tyro", according to a spokesman for MiCelLMost dry-cleaners currently use chlorinated hydrocarbons such as perchloroethylene. But the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is clamping down on the toxic waste emission this produces. After cleaning with the new machines, (he liuid CO2, is evaporated and collected for reuse,leaving a residue of detergent and dirt.Brad Lienhart, president of MiCcll, says that cutting waste and pollution is the company's strongest selling point."Dry-cleaner owners are saying 'get this burden off my back',* he says. He hopes to sell a hundred machines in the first year of business. About 15 ()0() conventional drycleaning machines are sold around the world every year. Buster Bell,who owns Bell Laundry and Dry Cleaning in South Carolina, says the MiCell technology looks competitive, and he likes the reduced environmental impact. "You really don't know what is coming from the EPA," he says. 76. The passage begins with .A. a commercial advertisementB. a horrible warningC. sale promotionD. good news77. What is the liuid CO2 forA. Better cleaning clothes.B. Helping recycle dry cleaners.C. Dissolving the toxic waste from dry cleaning.D. Reducing the toxic emission from dry cleaning. 78. The right detergent for CO2.E. makes dry cleaning easyB. must be chemically solubleF. is chemically of two purposesD. means a right person for dry-cleaningWhen they are saying "get this burden off my back," the dry-cleaner owners refer to.A. the competition in the business of dry cleaningB. the pressure from EPAC. their potential profitD. their selling point8(). What is the strongest selling point of the MiCell technology according to LienhartA. It will promote dry-cleaning business.B. It is environment-friendly.C. It costs less in the market.D. All of the above.Passage FiveThe alarm on our household computer terminal rings and wakes me up. My husband simply stirs and goes back to sleep. I transfer today's information onto the personal data card I carry with me everywhere and scan today*s readings. Values are given as to the number of liters of water I can use the amount of coal-generated electricity I have allocated and how many "envirocredits" I have earned.I am free to use the water and electricity as I chose, however I notice that the ration ofelectricity is decreasing every day. Of course,this will not be a problem when we have earned enough envirocredits to buy another solar panel. Envirocredits are earned by buying goods with limited or no packaging, minimizing the amount of garbage thrown out by financially supporting "environtechnology". Before cars were phased out due to unpopularity credits could be gained by using public transport.I notice an extra passage added to the readings. At last I have been given permission to have a child. Almost instantaneously a package arrives with a label on it:"Anti-sterilization Unit".Inside there are instructions and a small device that looks like a cross between a pistol and a syringe. Eagerly I follow the instructions. The procedure is painless and I don't know if I am imagining it but I seem to feel the effects at once.Shaken my husband awake, I tel him the good news.I want to get started baby-making right now."You've been on the waiting list for 37 years,"he says."Can*t you wait until I've woken up properly'*I decide that I probably don't have much choice and wander downstairs.I am feeling very privileged to have the opportunity to create a new life. It is saddening, however,when I realize that, because of strict population controls,this new life will be replacing an old one.I decide to ring my mother and tell her the good news. When she answers the phone she is crying. She has received word that my grandmother has failed her latest heath check and will be euthanized next week.For some reason, I don't feel like creating that new life anymore.81. Based on today's data, the wife will.A. use up all the envirocredits she earnedB. make arrangements with her husband for the dayC. be allowed to use a certain amount of water and electricityD. do as reuired to generate enough water and electricity for the dayAccording to the passage, envirocredits go to those who.A. recycle their garbage at homeB. limit themselves to solar energyC. push environtechnology forwardD. do something environment-friendlyThe effects the wife is feeling at once following the instructions refer to.A. the desire to make a babyB. the permission to make a babyC. the device to help her make a babyD. the conseuences of making a babyThe good news for the wife changes into bad news because.A. she has to wait for another 37 yearsB. to create a new life is to replace an old oneC. population is strictly controlled in the countryD. today she is not healthy enough to make a babyWhat is the passageA. It is a scenario.B. It is a true story.C. It is a piece of news.D. It is a scientific report.Passage SixJust because you're better educated doesn't mean that you're any more rational than everyone else, no matter how hard you may try to give that impression.Take the selection of lottery numbers. A survey in Florida described at this year's annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science shows that better educated people try to use random number systems to pick iheir lottery numbers.Despite the apparent logic of choosing random numbers, however, their chances of winning arc no better than those ordinary folk who use birthdays,anniversaries and other Mlucky"dates. Nor are they better off than those who draw on omens and intuitions, picking numbers seen on car numberplates and in dreams. But no doubt they feel a lot more rational.That appearance of "rationality" may be a dangerous thing. Scientists are not immune to subtle and subjective influences on their judgments. Take the data from a survey of the public and member of the British Society of Toxicology discussed at the same meeting.The survey showed that most people agree with the view that animals can be used to help predict how human will react to chemicals,and that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal, we can be "reasonably sure" it will cause cancer in humans. The toxicologists, however, are more circumspect. They accept the first statement but less likely to agree that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal, it will do so in a human.Can this difference be attributed to their expertise Perhaps But consider the considerable variation among toxicologists: those who were young, female, working in academia rather than industry or who felt that technology is not always used for the good of all were more likely to agree that what causes cancer in an animal will cause cancer in a human.Maybe we need to think more about how who we are affects our "rational" decisions.82. According to the Florida-based survey, those who are better educated feel a lot more ratio about the way they .A. look at the worldB. use logic in doing scienceC. choose their lottery numbersD. use numbers professionally and personallyActually, the selection of random numbers .A. does not work any better than the use of omens and intuitionsB. stands more chance of winning a lottery in the United StatesC. is wrongly appreciated by rational peopleD. is widely practiced in lotteryWhat are the survey data suggesting in the passageA. We are living in the age of rationality.B. Nobody can be trusted in terms of truth.C. Humans and animals do not react to chemicals in the same way.D. The sense of rationality cannot avoid being subjectively influencedWhat the author is trying to say in the passage.A. can be further illustrated by the opinion among toxicologistsB. is acceptable to those young and female toxicologistsC. is rational enough to accept in the world of scienceD. has much to do with his own experienceWhich of the following can be the best title for the passageA. A Very Comforting IllusionB. A Rational Approach to LotteryC. A Survey on Education and RationalityD. A Difference between Scientists and Others试卷二(Paper Two)Part V Writing(20%)Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.水果是否可吃可不吃水果含有人体必需而又不能自身合成的矿物质，具有强抗氧化作用、防止细胞衰老的维 生素以及可以明显降低血液中胆固醇浓度的可溶性纤维等，对人体健康十分有益。但中国人 特别是男性，经常吃水果的比例很低。20世纪80年代，我在美国分析了美国100万人十年 追踪研究的，发现不吃或很少吃水果的人群，肺癌死亡率为吃水果人群的1.75倍。而且 从45岁到74岁的每个5岁年龄组均表现出类似的结果，说明这种因果关系非常可靠。美国 有句谚语叫：”一天一个苹果，不用看医生”。说明他们很早就总结出了水果对疾病的预防作 用。世界卫生组织近年来提出了“天天五蔬果”的口号。其含义是，为保障健康，最好每天吃 够五种蔬菜和五种水果。近年来美国哈佛大学的一些研究说明，多进食水果和蔬菜还可降低 中风和冠心病的发病危险。那么，到底水果中的什么成分起到了这样的作用是不是维生素服用维生素制剂是否可 起到相同作用我又进一步分析了肺癌死亡与服用维生素制剂的关系。结果发现，经常服用维 生素并不能起到类似的保护作用。再专门分析重度吸烟者肺癌死亡率与进食水果和服用维生 素制剂的关系。发现水果仍然起至保护作用，而维生素却没有。该分析研究的结论是人工合 成的维牛素不能替代水果对肺癌死亡的预防作用，后来的一些研究也得出了同样的结论。对此，营养免疫学家的解释是，天然植物中的维生素并不是单独起作用而是与其他维生素和营养素相互 联合一起工作。一种维生素补充的过多或缺乏，均会影响和削弱其他营养素或维生素的作用。由 于化学合成的维生素是与其他维生素和营养素别离的，复方的各成分间的比例也与天然的不尽相 同，所以他们不能产生与天然物质中所含的维生素一样的成效。有些国-14-外的专家把这种现象戏称为“人造的不如神造的”。另外，蔬菜水果中还可能含有些尚未被人 类认识的生理活性物质。目前，天然食物的抗氧化作用已成为一个重要的研究领域，各国营 差学家正在进行研究开发。研究已证实，有些藏菜水果具有强抗氧化作用，如大蒜、胡萝卜、 柿 子、柑橘、掰猴桃等能提高体内超氧化物岐(质)化酶(SOD)的活性，发挥延缓衰老的作 用。综上所述，在日常生活中，水果应作为每日膳食的重要组成局部，绝不是可有可无的东 西。对一般人群来说，维生素制剂决不能也不应当代替日常对水果、蔬菜的进食。另外，过 多地服用维生素制剂还可能引致一些副作用，有些甚至非常严重。如服用过量维生素D会导 致软组织钙化，对肾脏和心血管系统造成损伤;长期服用维生素E易引致血栓等。在病态情况 下，由于体内某些维生素的大量消耗或吸收合成转化不良，打破了其正常平衡，那么必须适当 补给。如，发热、手术、患心肌梗死时需补充维生素C；肝肾功能不良时需补充维生素D等。但 这些均需在医生的指导下使用。2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1-5: DBCCB6-10: CBDAA11-15: DABABSection B16-20: DABCD21-25: CBCDD26-30: CCADBPart IIVocabularySection A31-35: ACDBA31-35: ACDBA36-40: DCBAASection B:41-45: BACDB46-50: ADDDCPart III Cloze51-55: BCAAC51-55: BCAAC56-60: BBACCPart IV Reading ComprehensionPassage one61-65: DCCDBPassage two66-70: ADDADPassage three71-75: DAAACPassage four76-80: DCBBBPassage five81-85: CDDBAPassage six86-90: CCDCAWriting 略C. Louise did a lot of work for the man. D. Louise has been waiting for a long time.10. A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Seven.11. A. She has thrown out of the car.B. She was knocked down by the car.C. She hit her head on the steering wheel. D. She got the steering wheel in her chest.12. A. She overacted to the man.B. She cried over her failure.C. She made a success of her diet.D. She was jealous of the man.13. A. He hates those who fool around.B. He will never try the stuff.C. He will shoot any drug dealer.D. He regrets having tried the stuff.14. A. The opposite to the man's expectation. B. A uicker recovery than expected.C. A pair of mismatching boots.D. Her healthy pregnancy.15. A. He will do as reuested.B. He will not join the team.C. The woman is crazy about him.D. The woman has trouble standing.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each ofwhich,you will hear five uestions. After each uestion,read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and ask the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue24. A. Nuclear weapons.B. Alien kidnapping.16.A. For the purpose of diagnosis confirmation.B. For the possibility of legal trouble.C. For the doctor's investigation.D. For the patient's future use.17.A. He has got cancer in his pancreas.B. He falls with a stomach problem.C. He suffers from fatigue.D. He has a loss of weight.18.A. See a dietician.B. Have an operation.C. Start chemotherapy.D. Take medication for pain relieve.19.A. A couple of years.B. More than5 years.C. A couple of months.D. Approximately 5 years.20.A. Suspicious.B. Anxious.C. Hesitant.D. Factual.Passage One21.A. Life evolution.B. Space exploration,C. Extraterrestrial lifeD. Unknown Hying objects22.A. His 50th birthday.B. NASA'S 5s0inanniversary.C. The University's 50th anniversary.D. The US Cosmology Association's50th Anniversary.23.A. Even primitive life is impossible.B. Intelligent life is fairy common.C. Intelligent life is less likely.D. Any form of life is possible.C. Human extinction.D. Dangerous infection.25. A. Ironic.B. Negative.C. Indifferent.D. Supportive.Passage TwoA. Obese people need more food.B. Obese people reuire more fuel.C. Obesity contributes to global warming.D. Obesity is growing as a global phenomenon.26. A. Limited living space.B. Crowded shopping malls.C. Food shortage and higher energy prices.D. Incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.27. A. Over 700 million.B.Over 400 million.C. Over 2.3 billion.D.Over 3 billion.28. A. 1800 calories. B.1280 calories.C.1680 calories. D.2960 calories.29. A. Climate change.B.The fall of food prices.C. A rise in energy prices.D.An increasing demand fbr food.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You