专题 中国元素 文房四宝 -2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 .docx

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化中国元素 文房四宝（素材+时文阅读+语法填空+书面表达）第一部分 话题素材积累Four treasures of the studybrush, ink, paper and ink slab, cannot be neglected when we appreciate and understand Chinese calligraphy and traditional painting because they determine the features and the expressive forms of the work of art.文房四宝-笔、墨、纸、砚在我们欣赏和理解中国书画的时候是不可忽视的，因为它们决定了艺术作品的特征和表现形式。It is widely accepted that the best of each of these items is represented by the Hu brush (湖笔), Hui ink stick (徽墨), Xuan paper (宣纸), and Duan ink slab (端砚), all being highly valued in both China and abroad.人们普遍认为，文房四宝中最好的代表是湖笔，徽墨，宣纸和端砚，在中国国内外都受到高度重视。Hu brushes are produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province. Made of the hair of goats or wolves, they are round, neat, strong, and pointed. The goat hair is soft, suitable for the writing of big characters, while the wolf hair is hard, suitable for the writing of small ones.湖笔产于浙江湖州。它们是由山羊或狼的毛制成的，外形圆润整齐、结实而尖锐。山羊毛柔软，适合写大字，而狼毛坚硬，适合写小字。Hui ink sticks are produced in Huizhou, Anhui province. They are made from the ash of burnt green pine from Mount Huangshan and then mixed with glue. The mix is put in nanmu wood (楠木) moulds and carved with scenes of pavilions, pagodas, hills, brooks and plants. A good ink stick is black in colour with lustre. The characters written by it will not easily fade.徽墨产于安徽徽州，由黄山青松烧过的灰与胶水混合后，倒入楠木模具中，上面雕刻着亭台楼阁、宝塔、山川溪流和植物的场景。好的墨水颜色是黑的，有光泽，用它所写的字不会轻易褪色。Xuan paper was originally produced in the Tang dynasty in Jing county, which was under the jurisdiction of Xuanzhou, hence the name of Xuan paper. Made in an 18-step process from the bark (树皮) of the wingceltis (青檀) tree and rice straw, the paper is snow-white, soft, durable, absorbent and moth-proof. Hence, it is a principal type of paper for traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting. 宣纸原产于唐代宣州所辖的泾县，故称宣纸。宣纸是用黄树的榉树皮和稻草经过18道工序制成的，雪白、柔软、耐用、吸水、防蛀。因此，宣纸是中国传统书画的主要纸张类型。Duan ink slabs were first introduced in Duanzhou, Guangdong province. They have fine, solid texture and glossy sheen (光泽). Ink prepared in them does not dry quickly. Carved into various shapes and designs, Duan ink slabs also serve as fine desk ornaments.端砚最早出现在广东的端州，质地细腻、坚固、具有光泽。在端砚上制备的油墨不会很快干透。端砚经过雕刻成各种形状和图案，也可以作为精美的桌面装饰品。Words and expressions.1.brush n. 刷子，画笔；灌木丛2.slab n. 厚板；厚桌面，砧板3.neglect v. 疏于照顾，未予看管；不予重视，忽视；漏做4.feature n. 特点，特征；五官，面貌5.represent v. 代表；为代言6.stick n. 棍，条，签；枯枝，枝条；条状物，棍状物7.mould n. 模具，铸模；类型，个性8.carve v. 雕，刻；切下，割下9.pavilion n. 凉亭，阁；运动员席，看台，更衣室10.pagoda n. 佛塔11.brook n. 小溪，小河12.lustre n. 光泽，光彩13.fade v. 逐渐消失；（使）褪色14.jurisdiction n. 司法权，审判权；管辖权；管辖区域，管辖范围15.straw n. （干燥的）麦秆，稻草16.durable a. 持久的，耐用的17.absorbent a. 能吸收（液体）的18.mothproof a. 防蛀的，防虫的第二部分 时文阅读七选五Papermaking is widely known as one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient Chinese civilization. Among different types of paper, Xuan paper holds an important place. 1 , massive ancient documents and artworks might not have survived till today.Regarded as one of the Four Treasures of the Study, Xuan paper has always been valued by the Chinese as a source of pride since it is a necessary part of the Chinese culture. 2 .Five Oxen by painter Han Huang is acknowledged as the oldest Chinese painting on Xuan paper. 3 . According to the National Library of China, there are about 30 million ancient paper books preserved in the library, and most of them are made of Xuan paper.Featuring a smooth surface, pure texture (质地) and high tensile strength, Xuan papers most well-known feature is that it can be preserved for a long time. 4 If preserved well,its longevity can reach more than 2,000 years while the ink and color on it remain fresh and bright. 5 , Xuan paper can show evident effects of ink shown on the paper. So Xuan paper has become an extremely popular medium for capturing and conveying the soul of traditional Chinese calligraphy and ink wash paintings.AIf it were not for the paperBIt is also a witness to the Chinese historyCAs it has a history of more than 1,500 yearsDBecause it has excellent water-absorbing capacityEThe quality will not change for more than 1,000 yearsFThe undamaged art piece is more than 1,200 years oldGUp to now, Xuan paper has not yet been produced by modern machine第三部分 话题语法填空一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dating back to the Neolithic (新石器时代的) age, the time-honored tool, the writing brush in China is 6 (wide) used in Chinese calligraphy and painting. Together with the inkstone, inkstick and Xuan paper, these four writing implements are often referred to 7 the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush has been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. After paper 8 (invent) by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, 9 originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out.For many Chinese 10 (artist), the brush is more than a writing tool. “It seems in my blood that, when I pick up 11 ink brush, suddenly my thoughts, ideas, and even stories build a relationship with the ink brush, which offers a chance 12 (express) our inner world,” said Liu Qinghe, a contemporary Chinese artist.“With a good ink brush 13 (hold) in hands, when we infuse our ideas into the brush, we give 14 life. When a writer picks the brush up, he can feel its fine details and subtleties, 15 (create) a dialogue,” Liu said.Indeed, the “Four Treasures of the Study” have written the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ink as one of the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink, paper and inkstone), is a 16 (necessary) in Chinese painting and calligraphy. Ink is 17 (typical) produced from an ink stick with a little water. Ink stick, the solid form of ink, can last much longer than the liquid variety and is easier 18 (transport). The most famous ink sticks in China are the Hui Ink Sticks produced in Anhui Province. The Hui Ink Sticks use pine wood 19 its main raw ingredient, 20 is then mixed with another about 20 different materials. The manufacturing procedure includes lighting the smoke, blending the materials together, pressing the ink sticks, drying by airing, filling the margin 21 boxing them up. The ink produced from these sticks is shiny black. For centuries, the Hui Ink Sticks 22 (produce) through the traditional methods. 23 simple and single, ink sticks are essential in Chinese calligraphy and painting, 24 (present) the splendid artistic conceptions to people. Whats more, ink sticks make it possible that modern people today still can appreciate the masterpieces 25 (create) tens of centuries ago.三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xuan paper, known as one of the Four Treasures of the Study, first came into 26 (exist) in the Tang Dynasty. The traditional skill of making the paper 27 hand has been passed down through generations. The process takes more than 100 steps, all of 28 require high skills.Take papermaking master Zhou Donghong, for example. He filters (过滤) a mixture of water and fibers, lifts it up, and makes a sheet of paper. It takes him only 15 seconds 29 (form) and shape it, but he has devoted 30 (he) to perfecting the skill for decades.“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers, and timing is the 31 (difficult) part of all. We have only one chance to filter the right amount of fibers, and only the proper weight ensures the paper is neither too thin nor too thick, and the margin (差额) for error is 32 (extreme) small, said Zhou.The skill of papermaking, 33 (recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. We felt 34 great sense of pride as it was listed as an intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产）by UNESCO in 2009. Since then, many technical schools in Jingxian County 35 (teach) papermaking.四、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The time-consuming process of carving a stone, while keeping its natural and unique beauty, can be compared 36 an education that helps each individual pupil achieve their full potential. As the place 37 the “four treasures of the study”, namely the brush, ink stick, paper and ink stone originated, Anhui has had a tradition of pushing education to the forefront since ancient times.The ink stones 38 (produce) in Anhuis Shexian county are well-known for their ability to keep the ink wet for a long time and their 39 (amazing) detailed patterns. Making a quality ink stone requires close attention to detail, great skill and passion for traditional culture. These are all characteristics that Hu Qiusheng, 40 ink stone carver and engraver (雕刻师) in Shexian, 41 (pursue) and passed down in his family all the time. 42 four decades of handwork has deformed (变形) his fingers, Hu has won many awards in the field of crafts and fine arts. His own company, one of the countrys 43 (lead) ink stone producers, has also sponsored 44 (competition) that encourage younger generations of ink stone makers 45 (display) their skills and further develop the craft.第四部分 话题写作假定你是李华，你校将迎接英国代表团，作为学校书法团团长，请你写一篇发言稿，要点如下：1.介绍书法用具；2.阐述书法学习的好处；3.邀请英国同学参与。注意:1. 100词左右；2. 开头已写好，不计入总词数。3.参考词汇：书法 calligraphy；文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study(writing brush, ink stick, paper, ink slab)Dear friends,Wed like to share our culture with you by introducing you to the art of Chinese calligraphy _【参考答案】时文阅读1A 2B 3F 4E 5D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的宣纸的历史与相关文化1上文“Among different types of paper, Xuan paper holds an important place.(在各种纸张中，宣纸占有重要的地位。)”提到了宣纸有重要地位，下文“massive ancient documents and artworks might not have survived till today.(大量的古代文献和艺术品可能不会保存到今天。)”提到了对古代文献和艺术品的作用，所以A选项“如果不是因为纸张”与下文构成假设关系，符合题意。故选A项。2上文“Regarded as one of the Four Treasures of the Study, Xuan paper has always been valued by the Chinese as a source of pride since it is a necessary part of the Chinese culture.(作为文房四宝之一，宣纸一直被中国人视为骄傲的源泉，因为它是中国文化的必要组成部分。)”提到了中国文化，选项B中Chinese history是关键词与上文的Chinese culture呼应，所以B选项“它也是中国历史的见证”能承接上文，符合语境。故选B项。3上文“Five Oxen by painter Han Huang is acknowledged as the oldest Chinese painting on Xuan paper.(画家韩煌的五牛被认为是中国最古老的宣纸画。)”提到了中国最古老的宣纸画，选项F中art piece是关键词指代上文的五牛这一作品，所以F选项“这件完好无损的艺术品已有1200多年的历史”能承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。4上文“Featuring a smooth surface, pure texture (质地) and high tensile strength, Xuan papers most well-known feature is that it can be preserved for a long time.(宣纸表面光滑，质地纯净，抗拉强度高，最广为人知的特点是可以保存很长时间。)”提到了宣纸的质量，E选项中quality是关键词与上文内容呼应，所以E选项“质量一千多年不变”能呼应上文，符合语境。故选E项。5下文“Xuan paper can show evident effects of ink shown on the paper.(宣纸能表现出明显的油墨在纸上的表现效果。)”提到了油墨在宣纸上的表现效果，D选项“因为它具有优良的吸水能力”与下文构成因果关系。故选D项。话题语法填空6widely 7as 8was invented 9which 10artists 11an 12to express 13held 14it 15creating【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了毛笔的历史以及重要意义，这四种书写工具与砚、墨、宣纸一起被称为“文房四宝”。对许多中国艺术家来说，毛笔不仅仅是一种书写工具。6考查副词。句意：毛笔可以追溯到新石器时代，是中国古老的工具，在中国书法和绘画中被广泛使用。修饰动词use应用副词widely (广泛地，抽象意义上)，作状语。故填widely。7考查介词。句意：这四种书写工具与砚、墨、宣纸一起被称为“文房四宝”。结合句意表示“被称为”短语为be referred to as。故填as。8考查时态语态。句意：中国人发明了纸之后，原本用作书写表面的竹简、木版、锦缎和丝绸逐渐消失。主语paper与谓语invent构成被动关系，根据后文faded可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was invented。9考查定语从句。句意：中国人发明了纸之后，原本用作书写表面的竹简、木版、锦缎和丝绸逐渐消失。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。10考查名词的数。句意：对许多中国艺术家来说，毛笔不仅仅是一种书写工具。artist为可数名词，由many修饰应用复数形式。故填artists。11考查冠词。句意：中国当代艺术家刘庆和说：“似乎在我的血液中，当我拿起毛笔时，我的思想、想法甚至故事突然与毛笔建立了关系，它提供了一个表达我们内心世界的机会。”brush为可数名词，此处为泛指且ink是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。12考查非谓语动词。句意：中国当代艺术家刘庆和说：“似乎在我的血液中，当我拿起毛笔时，我的想法、想法甚至故事突然与毛笔建立了关系，它提供了一个表达我们内心世界的机会。”修饰名词chance应用不定式作后置定语。故填to express。13考查非谓语动词。句意：拿着一支好毛笔，当我们把我们的思想注入到笔中，我们就赋予了它生命。此处为with的复合结构，with+宾语+宾补，hold与brush构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填held。14考查代词。句意：拿着一支好毛笔，当我们把我们的思想注入到笔中，我们就赋予了它生命。此处指the brush应用代词it。故填it。15考查非谓语动词。句意：当一个作家拿起毛笔，他可以感觉到它的细节和微妙，创造一个对话。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填creating。16necessity 17typically 18to transport 19as 20which 21and 22have been produced 23Though/Although/While 24presenting 25created【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了墨在中国书法和绘画中的重要性，以及墨的制作方法和传承。16考查名词。句意：墨作为文房四宝之一(笔、墨、纸、砚)，是中国书画的必需品。空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，necessary的名词形式是necessity。故填necessity。17考查副词。句意：墨水通常是用墨棒加一点水产生的。空处修饰空后的动词produced ，用副词修饰。故填typically。18考查非谓语动词。句意：墨棒是一种固体形式的墨水，比液体形式的墨水持续时间长得多，也更容易运输。此处是固定搭配：be +修饰事情的形容词（easy/difficult/hard/challenging等）+to do，表达的意思是“什么事情很容易/难做”。动词不定式与其逻辑主语the solid form of ink构成动宾关系，动词不定式用主动形式。故填to transport。19考查介词。句意：徽墨以松木为主要原料，然后与其他大约20种不同的材料混合。此处是固定搭配：use.as.意为“把用作”。故填as。20考查定语从句。句意：徽墨以松木为主要原料，然后与其他大约20种不同的材料混合。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话，在从句中作主句，用which引导。故填which。21考查连词。句意：制作过程包括点燃烟，将材料混合在一起，压紧墨棒，通过风干，填充边缘和装箱。根据句意可知，boxing them up和前文pressing the ink sticks, drying by airing, filling the margin为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。22考查动词时态和语态。句意：几个世纪以来，徽墨一直是用传统的方法制作的。分析句子结构可知，produce作本句谓语，和主语Hui Ink Sticks之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语For centuries可知句子时态用现在完成时，主语是the Hui Ink Sticks，助动词用have 。故填have been produced。23考查状语从句连接词。墨棒虽然简单、单一，但在中国书画中是必不可少的，给人们呈现出灿烂的意境。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语+be动词，根据句意，此处表达“虽然简单、单一”之意，用though或者although或者while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Though或者Although或者While。24考查非谓语动词。句意：墨棒虽然简单、单一，但在中国书画中是必不可少的，给人们呈现出灿烂的意境。本句已有谓语动词are，所以present用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语ink sticks之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语。故填presenting。25考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，墨棒使得今天的现代人仍然可以欣赏到几十年前创作的杰作。本句已有谓语动词can appreciate，所以create用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语masterpieces之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填created。26existence 27by 28which 29to form 30himself 31most difficult 32extremely 33recognized 34a 35have taught【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了宣纸的地位和制作工艺。26考查名词。句意：宣纸，被称为文房四宝之一，最早出现于唐朝。空处作宾语，应用名词。come into existence意为“开始存在”，为固定短语。故填existence。27考查介词。句意：传统的手工造纸技术已经传了几代人了。by hand意为“手工”，为固定搭配。故填by。28考查定语从句。句意：这个过程需要100多个步骤，所有这些步骤都需要很高的技能。分析句子结构可知，逗号后的部分为定语从句，先行词是more than 100 steps，空处作of的宾语，应用which。故填which。29考查非谓语动词。句意：他只花了15秒就把它成型了，但几十年来他一直致力于完善这项技能。It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，为固定句型。故填to form.30考查代词。句意：他只花了15秒就把它成型了，但几十年来他一直致力于完善这项技能。devote oneself to doing sth意为“致力于做某事”，为固定用法。故填himself。31考查形容词的最高级。句意：过滤纤维有很多技巧，而时间是其中最困难的部分。根据空前的the及空后的“of all”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填most difficult。32考查副词。句意：我们只有一次机会来过滤适量的纤维，只有适当的重量才能保证纸既不太薄也不太厚，并且差额误差非常小。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，修饰small，应用副词。故填extremely。33考查非谓语动词。句意：造纸技术被公认为国宝的造纸术，也被证明是国际瑰宝。分析句子结构可知，The skill of papermaking与 recognize之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填recognized。34考查冠词。句意：我们感到自豪，因为它在2009年被联合国教科文组织列为非物质文化遗产。sense作“感觉”时，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且sense的发音以辅音音