英语 选择性必修四-译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册Unit3Fitforlife-Extendedreading&Project单元课时重点练.docx

Unit 3 Fit for life3.3 Extended reading & Project一、基础巩固I单词拼写1. There will be fierce (抵制)to these proposals.2. We had a long (辩论)as to whether we should spend so much money on space technology.3. After he fell in the playground,I wrapped a (绷带)around his ankle to give it some support.  4. It's well known that the dove is a universal (象征)of peace. 5. Any event attended by the famous actor attracts (广泛的)media attention. 6. You should not buy cigarettes or (烟草) unless you are above 18 years of age. 7. The children surrounded the teacher while she was playing the(风琴) in the classroom. 8. The government is taking action to fight against drug a.  9. As a result of listening carefully, I remember most of the s of the teacher's words.  10. The school's small c plays a very important role in protecting students' health. 【答案】1. resistance 2. debate 3.bandage4.symbol5.widespread6.tobacco(s)7.organ8.abuse9.substance 10.clinicII.单句语法填空1. There are bound to be people who will tell me that both of these (phenomenon) are exceptions that do not disprove the theory. 2. One possible reason is that dust can affect the breathing system and people may be more open to (infect). 3. There is growing evidence staying up late at night has a serious impact on people's health. 4. In our city people have used smart water meters to take place of traditional water meters.  5. Despite the long distance between the two countries, they enjoy good economic relations,which can date back the early 1960s. 6. In order to promote trade, the two countries decided to switch RMB settlement. 7. (anxious) can affect a child's performance in school, so keep an eye on your child's mood. 8. According to the study, about a third of children have been (severe) overweight due to lack of exercise. 9. He got full marks in the final (examine) because of his hard work. 10. So far, every possible means (try) to solve the problem.【答案】1.phenomena考查名词复数。句意:一定会有人对我说,这两种现象都是例外,并不能证明这个理论是错误的。设空处受these限定,故用名词复数形式。phenomenon的复数形式为phenomena。2.infection考查名词。句意: 一个可能的原因是灰尘会影响呼吸系统,人们可能更容易受到感染。空前的to为介词。故此处用名词形式。这里表示抽象意义,故用不可数名词。3.that考查同位语从句。句意:越来越多的证据表明,熬夜对人们的健康有严重的影响。分析可知设空处引导同位语从句且从句意思、结构完整。故填that。4.the考查冠词。句意:在我们城市,人们已经用智能水表来代替传统的水表了。take the place of为固定搭配,意为“代替”。5.to考查介词。句意:尽管两国之间距离遥远,但它们之间有良好的经济关系,这可以追溯到20世纪60年代初。date back to意为“追溯到”,符合题意。6.to考查介词。句意:为了促进贸易,两国决定改用人民币结算。switch to意为“转变成”,符合题意。7.Anxiety考查名词。句意:焦虑会影响孩子在学校的表现,所以要留意你孩子的情绪。设空处作主语,应该用名词形式。这里表示抽象概念,用不可数名词。8.severely考查副词。句意:据研究,由于缺少运动,约有三分之一的孩子已经严重超重。 设空处修饰其后的形容词overweight,故用副词形式。9.examination/exam考查名词。句意:由于学习努力,他期末考试得了满分。设空处被形容词final修饰,作介词in的宾语,故用名词形式。表示“考试”的名词可为exam或examination。10. has been tried 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，所有可能的办法都已经被尝试来解决这个问题。根据So far 可知此处应用现在完成时，根据every 可知此处means 是单数形式，且means 和try 之间是被动关系。故填has been tried。III. 根据要求翻译句子1.这个节日早在20世纪80年代就传到了中国,并被广泛接受。The festival spread to China and was widely accepted.  2.因为向导带路,我没费事就找到了他们的村子。 , I had no difficulty finding their village.  3.几个学生抱着书站在那里聊天。, a few students stood there chatting.  4. 为什么不邀请她去健身房锻炼呢？_ in the gym?5. 他去体育场踢足球了，没去打羽毛球。He has gone to play soccer in the stadium _. 【参考答案】1.as early as the 1980s2.With the guide leading the way 3.Books in arms4. Why not invite her to work out 5. instead of playing badminton二、拓展提升I.阅读理解According to a recent study,a new kind of genetically modified(转基因的)rice can prevent infections of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.The study reports the newly-developed rice produces proteins(蛋白质)that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process keeps the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading.The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017.The organization says the largest number of those is in developing countries. Nearly two-thirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease.The new study predicts the rice-based method will lead to long-term use of the anti-HIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers say the “groundbreaking” discovery is “realistically the only way” that anti-HIV combination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world.They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIV-fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine.The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to human bodies.1.What is the third paragraph mainly about?A.The terrible situations of HIV infections.B.The rapid development of Africa.C.The practical ways to cure AIDS.D.The efforts made by the United Nations.2.How will the rice be used at the lowest cost?A.By transforming it into proteins.B.By processing it into a cream.C.By attaching it to the HIV virus.D.By adding it to an oral drug.3.What can we know about the genetic engineering process?A.It won't produce dangerous chemicals.B.It has produced dangerous chemicals.C.It is intended for the developed world.D.It requires further testing to ensure the safety.4.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A first aid brochure.C.A social web page.D.A health magazine.本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的研究发现:一种可以防止HIV病毒感染的转基因大米。1.A主旨大意题。根据第三段中“.worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017.Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS.”可知,本段说明了全球HIV病毒感染的严峻现状。故选A。B项“非洲的快速发展”;C项“治疗艾滋病的切实可行的方法”;D项“联合国所做的努力”。2.B细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.”可知,研究人员认为最简单且最节约成本的方式就是把这种大米加工成膏,涂在皮肤上。故选B。A项“通过把它转化成蛋白质”;C项“通过把它附着在HIV病毒上”;D项“通过把它添加到口服药物中”。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to human bodies.”可知,科学家们认为还需要做进一步测试,以确保基因工程过程的安全性。故选D。A项“它不会产生危险的化学物质”,B项“它产生了危险的化学物质”,由文章最后一段中的最后一句可知,是否产生有害的化学物质是有待确定的事;C项“它是为发达国家设计的”,由文章的第三段和第四段的首句可排除。4.D推理判断题。根据主旨段第一段提到的“According to a recent study, a new kind of genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV.”可知,文章主要介绍了一项科学研究,该研究与一种可以防止感染HIV病毒的新型转基因大米有关,其话题与健康相关。由此可以推断,文章可能是选自健康杂志。故选D。A项“一本生物教材”;B项“一本急救手册”;C项“一个社交网页”。II.七选五Researchers worldwide are racing to develop potential vaccines and drugs to fight COVID-19. Now, a group of researchers has figured out the molecular(分子的) structure of a key protein that the coronavirus uses to invade human cells.1  Previous research shows that the coronaviruses invade cells through the so-called “spike” proteins, but those proteins take on different shapes in different coronaviruses.Figuring out the shape of the spike protein in the novel coronavirus is the key to figuring out how to target the virus.2 But the spike protein is the major surface protein that it uses to combine with a receptoranother protein that acts like a doorway into a human cell.After the spike protein combines with the human cell receptor, the viral membrane combines with the human cell membrane, allowing the genome of the virus to enter human cells and begin infection. To prevent attachment and combination, people will prevent entry.3  Earlier this month, researchers published the genome of the novel coronavirus. They identified the specific genes that code for the spike protein and then sent that gene information to a company that creates the genes.The group then injected those genes into mammalian cells in a lab dish.4 Next, using a very detailed microscopy technique called cryogenic electron microscopy, the group created a 3D “map”, or “blueprint” of the spike proteins.The blueprint revealed the structure of the molecule.5 It's a very important step forward and may help with the development of a vaccine against COVID-19.The spike protein would be the likely choice for the rapid development of vaccine antigens and treatments. A.Soon those cells produced the spike proteins.B.It mapped the location of each of its atoms in space.C.It potentially opens the door to the development of a vaccine.D.Compared to normal vaccine development, it may take 10 years.E.But to target this protein, humans need to know what it looks like.F.The structure shows that the molecule is stable in the correct situation.G.The coronavirus uses many different proteins to reproduce and invade cells.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【答案】本文是一篇新闻报道。全球各地的研究人员都在研发疫苗和药物来对抗新型冠状病毒。现在,一组研究人员已经弄清这种冠状病毒用以入侵人类细胞的一种关键蛋白质的分子结构,为疫苗的进一步研发打开了大门。1.C根据设空处前一句可知,一组研究人员已经弄清这种冠状病毒用以入侵人类细胞的一种关键蛋白质的分子结构,说明这项研究可能为疫苗的研发打开了大门。故选C项。误解分析:有的同学会误选F项,认为它和前面一句话中都提到了蛋白质的分子结构,但是该项无法引起下文和本文的主题。2.GG项中的 many different proteins与下一句中的 major surface protein对应,即虽然冠状病毒利用许多不同的蛋白质复制并入侵细胞,但刺突蛋白是其用来与受体另一种充当进入人体细胞的通道的蛋白质结合的主要表面蛋白。3.E上一句说到阻止附着和结合,人们就能阻止病毒进入(人体细胞),解决问题要“知己知彼”,E项“但是要锁定这种蛋白质,人们需要知道它是什么样子的”承接上文,并且衔接下文的“研究者发布新型冠状病毒的基因组并揭示刺突蛋白的分子结构”,符合语境。4.A根据上一句可知,研究小组将这些基因注入实验室培养器皿中的哺乳动物细胞中。A项中的“those cells produced”符合生物的特性,与上一句衔接紧密,且与下一句“接下来,使用一种叫作低温电子显微术的非常精细的显微技术,这个小组创造了一份这些刺突蛋白的3D地图,或者说蓝图”紧密结合。5.B根据上文的a 3D “map”,or “blueprint”可知这是研究人员的重大发现,设空处前一句提到这份蓝图揭示了这种分子的结构,B项“它绘制了它的每个原子的空间分布形态图”承接上文。“It”指代的是上一句中的“The blueprint”。III.语法填空One of the most famous Chinese medical 1(treat) is Chinese acupuncture, dating from the Stone Age. As acupuncture developed, nine different kinds of needles appeared, which2(have) different shapes. The majority of acupuncturists now use stainless steel needles. They push needles into the skin at certain points on the body3(call) acupuncture points. So far, more than 360 acupuncture points4(identify), each linked to a different part of the body. Over the years, not only has acupuncture been used to treat physical and 5(mentally) problems, but it has also been applied to treat people 6 abuse alcohol, tobacco or drugs. 7it is not clear how acupuncture actually works, it is8fact that acupuncture has become very popular. Today,it has come into widespread use around the world9a symbol of traditional Chinese culture.While doubts about its safety have10(gradual) disappeared, interest continues to grow. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【答案】1.treatments考查名词及其单复数。根据one of.结构可知,设空处应用可数名词复数,表示“最著名的中医疗法之一”,故填treatments。2.had考查时态。根据上下文语境以及主句的时态可知,此处叙述过去发生的事情,所以which引导的定语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时。3.called考查过去分词。设空处作定语,修饰其前的名词points,动词call与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。故用过去分词形式。4.have been identified考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知,设空处动作已经发生并且对现在造成了影响,且与主语之间是被动关系。故用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为复数意义,故用have been identified。5.mental考查形容词。空前and连接两个并列的成分,physical为形容词,故此处应填形容词mental。6.who/that考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词people,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who/that。7.While/Though/Although考查连词。分析句子可知,此处为状语从句,与主句意思上形成让步关系,故填While/Though/Although。8.a考查冠词。fact在文中是首次出现,故此处用不定冠词泛指“一件事实”。9.as考查介词。as意为“作为”,符合语境。故用介词as。10.gradually考查副词。空处修饰谓语have disappeared。故用副词形式。IV.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。续写词数应为 150词左右。In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get  a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen  teaching English.School started, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth grade class who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. But in fact, humans particularly teenagers rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, quickest to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior.My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasnt happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of room, seemed to be growing angrier and angrier. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. 注意：1. 续写的词数应为150左右。2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 After class, I took a deep breath and walked into his office. _Fifteen years later, I still drive that winding road to the same school._【参考答案】After class, I took a deep breath and walked into his office. I said nothing, just thinking that I would be fired. To my great surprise, my boss didnt glare at me with burning eyes. Instead, he patiently named my problems that as a teacher I shouldnt have ignored the bad behavior of my students. We discussed how I could deal with the situation I met. Finally, I was encouraged and full of confidence when leaving the office.Fifteen years later, I still drive that winding road to the same school. My boss and I always sit together, talking about the new students and their problems. In fact, he becomes a teacher of mine by teaching me the truth of education  “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupils.” Thanks to the help I received from him that first year, I have grown as a successful educator as he is now.