英语 选择性必修四-【期中高二下】江苏省扬州中学2021-2022高二下学期期中检测高二英语试卷.docx

江苏省扬州中学2021-2022高二下学期期中检测高二英语试卷第I卷（选择题共95分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. How would the man prefer to travel to the forest park?A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By train.2. What did the customer complain about?A. The woman's service.B. The size of the swimming pool.C. The hotel's location.3. What does the man find difficult about Shakespeare's plays?A. The humor. B. The plots. C. The language.4. What does the man like most about going back home?A. Eating at home.B. Sleeping in his own bed.C. Seeing his children.5. Why isn't the woman going to Cathy's party?A. She has to catch a plane.B. She had a conflict with Cathy.C. She is working extra hours.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is Rosie going to do?A. Go to college. B. Live in Europe. C. Travel and work.7. Why is Rosie making such a decision?A. To get new experiences.B. To make more money.C. To change jobs.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What day is it today?A. Saturday. B. Friday. C. Thursday.9. What does the woman think of Jack?A. He is too optimistic.B. He should work harder.C. He is under too much pressure.10. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office. B. At a race track. C. At a restaurant.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a classroom. B. In a TV studio. C. In a speech hall.12. How do Japanese prefer to travel around cities?A. On foot. B. By car. C. By bike.13. What is the sixth leisure activity in Japan according to the survey?A. Listening to music.B. Watching DVDs & videos.C. Trips to museums and zoos.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. What's the relationship between the two speakers?A. Mother and son. B. Teacher and student. C. Friends.15. Where will the woman stay during her trip?A. At a friend's home.B. At a hotel.C. At a university dormitory.16. Why is the woman coming to London next week?A. To teach at a university there.B. To dine with Craig.C. To attend a conference.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题17. Why does the speaker suggest the passengers arrive early?A. To get a better seat.B. To get their boat tickets.C. To have time for breakfast.18. What does the speaker advise the passengers to bring?A. A hat. B. A jacket. C. A packed lunch.19. What are the passengers expected to do in Sausalito?A. Do some shopping.B. Visit the museum.C. Watch a performance.20. How long can the passengers stay at the Golden Gate Park?A. One hour.B. Two hours.C. Two and a half hours.第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThe capital of a country is often a very populated city where much history has been made due to the high-level political and economic functions that occur there. However, sometimes government leaders decide to move the capital from one city to another. Capital relocation has been done hundreds of times throughout history. The ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Chinese changed their capital frequently.Some countries choose new capitals that are more easily defended in a time of invasion (侵略) or war. Some new capitals are planned and built in previously undeveloped areas to promote development. Countries sometimes change their capital because they expect some type of political, social, or economic benefit. They hope and expect that the new capitals will surely develop into cultural treasure and hopefully make the country a more stable place.Here are capital relocations that have occurred in approximately the last few centuries.AsiaJapanfrom Kyoto to Tokyo 1868Turkeyfrom Istanbul to Ankara 1923Israelfrom Tel Aviv-Jaffo to Jerusalem 1950EuropePolandfrom Krakow to Warsaw 1596Finlandfrom Turku to Helsinki 1812Italyfrom Turin to Florence to Salerno to Rome 1871The AmericasThe USfrom New York to Washington 1800Jamaicafrom Port Royal to Spanish Town to Kingston 1872OceaniaNew Zealandfrom Auckland to Wellington 18651. Why did some countries decide to move the capital?A. To further expand their land.B. To uncover ancient treasure.C. To develop undeveloped areas.D. To declare war on another country.2. Which country was the earliest to move its capital?A. Turkey.B. Poland.C. The United Sate.D. New Zealand.3. What do Italy and Jamaica have in common?A. They moved the capitals more than once.B. Their capitals were destroyed in the war.C. They moved their capitals in the same year.D. Their capitals moved because of the economy.【13题答案】【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了历史上一些经常迁都的国家以及其背后的原因。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Some new capitals are planned and built in previously undeveloped areas to promote development.( 一些新的首都被规划和建设在以前未开发的地区，以促进发展。)”可知，一些国家决定迁都是为了开发欠发达地区。故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据表格中“Poland from Krakow to Warsaw 1596 (波兰于1596年将首都从克拉科夫迁到华沙)”可推知，波兰于1596年将首都从克拉科夫迁到华沙；再对比表格中其它国家迁都时间可知，波兰迁都的时间最早。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中“Italy from Turin to Florence to Salerno to Rome 1871 (意大利在1871年将首都从都灵迁到佛罗伦萨，再迁到到萨勒诺，最后再迁到罗马)”可知，意大利曾经将首都从都灵迁到佛罗伦萨，再迁到到萨勒诺，最后再迁到罗马；再结合表格中“Jamaica from Port Royal to Spanish Town to Kingston-1872 (牙买加在1872年将首都从皇家港迁到西班牙城，最后再迁到金斯敦)”可知，牙买加曾将首都从皇家港迁到西班牙城，最后再迁到金斯敦。由此可知，意大利和牙买加的共同之处在于这两个国家都不止一次迁都。故选A。BI was sitting at my desk when another graduate student in my lab approached me. “Can you help?” he begged. His experiment wasnt working and he desperately needed help. I was a fifth year PhD student, the senior member of the lab at the time. As I had many times before, I gave in and said yes.I had a hard time saying no to such requests. I was new to the United States for graduate school. I found it difficult to make new friends and discover afterwork activities I enjoyed. So I spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my labmates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, Id lose their favor.After I graduated and started a job in industry, I continued to carry the same attitude with me, and it continued to cost me. It wasnt until my wife gave birth to our first child that I realized how thin I had stretched myself and how misguided my priorities(重要的事) were. While she lay in a hospital bed in the early stages of labor(分娩阵痛), I sat nearby, busy in correcting a work report on my laptop for my colleague. Hours later, after hearing my daughters first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me that I should have been fully present during my daughters birth.From then on, I determined to spare more time for my family by reducing my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. I still enjoyed cooperating with others, but I dealt with mutually(共同地) beneficial tasks first, rather than accepting everything that came my way.I noticed many benefits, and few disadvantages. My daily work schedule was not so crowded. I no longer worked overtime, and I was able to improve my work performance by focusing more on important tasks. I was also pleased to discover that “Sorry, Id love to help but I have a deadline coming up” is an acceptable response to a request for assistance. Most colleagues seem to understand.Its hard to say “no” to those you work with. But Ive learned that sometimes thats the best way to avoid too much workload and lead a freer and happier life.4. Why was it hard for the author to refuse others requests in school?A. He was eager for good relations with others.B. He was interested in helping others.C. He was fond of doing experiments.D. He was the most experienced student.5. What did the author realize after his daughters birth?A. He was guilty for his absence when she was born.B. His wife had sacrificed a lot for the family.C. He should have balanced work and life better.D. He should work harder due to the increased responsibilities.6. What happened to the author after refusing others?A. He got along badly with his colleagues.B. He got a lot more vital tasks.C. He received assistance from his colleagues.D. He got less work and more joy.7. What is the passage mainly about?A. Enjoying family life.B. Giving priority to family.C. Giving and taking.D. Learning to say “no”.【47题答案】【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过自己的事例，说明要学会拒绝，学会说“不”才会使自己减少过量的工作，增加生活的快乐。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“I found it difficult to make new friends and discover afterwork activities I enjoyed. So I spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my labmates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, Id lose their favor.(我发现很难交到新朋友，也很难发现我喜欢的课外活动。所以我花了大量的时间在实验室里，我的实验室伙伴是我社会联系的主要来源。我担心如果我拒绝他们，我会失去他们的好感。)”可知，作者在学校很难拒绝别人的请求是因为他渴望与别人建立良好的关系。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hours later, after hearing my daughters first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me that I should have been fully present during my daughters birth. (几个小时后，听到女儿的第一次啼哭，看着她的小手紧紧抓住我的手，我突然意识到，在女儿出生的时候，我本应该全程在场。)”以及第四段中“From then on, I determined to spare more time for my family by reducing my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. (从那时起，我决定减少我的工作任务，仔细考虑每一个别人请求的帮助，花更多的时间在我的家庭。)”可知，作者在女儿出生后意识到了他应该更好地平衡工作和生活。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I noticed many benefits, and few disadvantages. My daily work schedule was not so crowded. (我注意到有很多好处，没什么缺点。我的日常工作安排不那么紧张了。)”和最后一段“Its hard to say no to those you work with. But Ive learned that sometimes thats the best way to avoid too much workload and lead a freer and happier life. (对你的同事说不是很难的。但我知道，有时这是避免过多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最好方法。)”可知，作者拒绝别人之后，他的工作量减少了，快乐增多了。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“Its hard to say no to those you work with. But Ive learned that sometimes thats the best way to avoid too much workload and lead a freer and happier life. (对你的同事说不是很难的。但我知道，有时这是避免过多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最好方法。)”可知，本文主要通过自己的事例，说明要学会拒绝，才会使自己减少过量的工作，增加生活的快乐。所以，“学会说不”是这篇文章的主题。故选D项。CAs a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists, three-spined stickleback (三刺鱼) is known for their different shapes, sizes, and behaviors-they can even live in both seawater and freshwater, and under a wide range of temperatures. But what makes that?The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment, using genome sequencing. Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt and freshwater, and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season. “After comparing these changes, we find that they probably resemble the habitat shits experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10,000 years.” says Professor Barrett “We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past.”Remarkably, the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats, which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations. “These genetic changes occurred in independent populations over a single season, highlighting just how quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected,” says Professor Barrett, "The findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to environment."The research emphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a better understanding of how natural selection operates. In further research, they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are, by testing whether they show up year after year. Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.8 Why is stickleback a popular subject of study?A. The fish is adaptable to different living conditions.B. Seasonal changes make little difference to the fish.C. Six populations of the fish are worthy to being trackedD. Ecologists can study a wide range of temperatures by tracking the fish.9. In which way did researchers get the findings?A. By explaining a concept.B. By analyzing the data.C. By studying a specific case.D. By making comparisons.10. What's the significance of the study?A. It will arouse people's awareness of protecting stickleback.B. It makes researchers pay more attention to genetic changesC. It helps us gain deep insight into the law of natural selection.D. It proves that stickleback is a really popular subject of study11. What's the purpose of studying the repetition of the genetic changes?A. To study species in dynamic environments.B. To test the reliability of the present discoveries.C. To predict the evolutionary future of certain species.D. To know the frequency of certain species' appearance.【811题答案】【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述进化生态学家们通过对三刺鱼的研究来预测物种未来是如何进化的。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists, three-spined stickleback（三刺鱼）is known for their different shapes, sizes, and behaviors-they can even live in both seawater and freshwater, and under a wide range of temperatures. But what makes that?”（作为进化生态学家们中间受欢迎的一个研究话题，三刺鱼因为它们不同的形状，尺寸和行为它们甚至可以既生活在海水中又可以生活在淡水中，并且在很大的温度范围内。但是什么使得它们这样的呢？）可知，三刺鱼是受欢迎的一个研究话题，是因为这种鱼可以在不同的环境中生存。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“After comparing these changes, we find that”（在比较了这些变化之后，我们发现）可知，研究者们是通过对比的方法获得他们的结果的。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past.”（我们希望能深入了解自然选择长期以来可能导致的基因变化。）可知，这项研究的意义在于，研究者们可以更多的了解基因变化。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to environment.”（研究表明我们可以利用基因差异来预测人口是如何适应环境的。）和第五段“ Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.（这样做将证明它们有能力可靠地预测这些种群的进化未来。）”可知，研究基因变化的重复性的目的是为了预测物种未来是如何进化的。故选C。DSingapore has announced new measures designed to quickly increase local food production, including rooftop farming. Officials in the city-state recently set a goal to meet 30 percent of Singapores nutritional needs with locally produced food by 2030. The plan includes $21 million in government money to support local production of eggs, vegetables and fish “in the shortest possible time”. The plans were announced as the worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused shortage of many products, including food in some areas.Restrictions on population movements around the world have weakened supply chains and raised concerns about worsening shortages and price increases. Currently, densely