英语 选择性必修四-Unit 2（B卷·能力提升）-2021-2022学年高二英语同步单元AB卷（译林版2020选择性必修第四册）（原卷版）.docx

Unit 2 Understanding each other 测试（B卷·能力提升）（时间：90分钟 满分：120分）第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题：每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2021·陕西·西安中学高三模拟）A layover(临时滞留) or flight delay can be extremely fun in these international airports.Munich Airport, GermanyAviation(航空) lovers passing through Munich can take a behind-the-scenes tour to learn how the airport operates. Visitors can also tour three historic aircraft and a retired rescue helicopter, climb up to a 28-metre high observation platform for an up-close view of take-offs and landings, and watch films on aviation in the airports 60-seat cinema. Travelers can also kill layover time at an 18-hole mini-golf course, or even stop in for a teeth cleaning at the airport dental office.Changi Airport, SingaporeAfter a long flight to Singapore, travelers can relax in a Balinese-style swimming pool, work out at the airport gym, or enjoy a drink and live musical performances at the airports Music Bar. The airport also boasts a tranquil butterfly garden, and a “fragrant garden” which is home to 15 species of plants and trees. Free movies at one of two airport cinemas also keep passengers entertained.Schiphol Amsterdam Airport, the NetherlandsSchiphol is Europes fifth-largest airport. Here passengers can view the works of Dutch masters free of charge, and try their luck at airports casino(赌场). You can even have your wedding ceremony at Schipholcouples can choose from four different wedding packages, including a 1930-style ceremony held on a Dakota military aircraft.San Francisco International Airport, CaliforniaThe airports 24-hour AirTrain not only moves passengers between terminal, but also provides a fun view of the runways. There are three aquariums(水族馆) to explore, along with interactive play area, an aviation museum, and a library. If thats not enough to keep the little ones busy, travelers can rent portable DVD players and movies for use in the airport.1. What can travelers do at the Munich Airport?A. They can have their teeth cleaned.B. They can watch free films in the 28-seat cinema.C. They can visit one of three aquariums.D. They can relax in a swimming pool.2. Which is the unique feature of the Schiphol Amsterdam Airport?A. Passengers can see a retired rescue helicopter.B. Passengers can visit a Munich military aircraft.C. Passengers can get married there.D. Passengers can play golf there.3. Which airport was designed with kids in mind?A. Munich Airport.B. Changi Airport.C. Schiphol Amsterdam Airport.D. San Francisco International Airport.B（2021·福建莆田·高二期末）When I was six, on my first day in an American classroom, my classmates and the teacher suddenly stood up, put their hands over their hearts, and started reading the Pledge of Allegiance(效忠誓言). It marked the beginning of a fascination with what I eventually learned to call culture.That fascination deepened in college, where I majored in Russian and learned everything I could about the country. Then I won a chance to study community theater in Irkutsk. When youre involved in a different culture, you start wondering everything about it. So I developed a habit of exploring them whenever in an unfamiliar situation. Culture offered the chance to see the world. Culture also, at least partially, led me to WWF.Four years later, I moved to Alaska. WWFs Alaska office was looking for someone who could speak Russian. They hired me. Ive been with WWF ever since. As WWFs Arctic and Bering Sea program officer, I connect the dots between polar bears, climate change and communities. I lead WWFs efforts to help polar bears and other Arctic marine mammals coexist alongside people.While I picked up some environmental knowledge when volunteering with a conservation group in Siberia, I learned loads about Arctic ecosystems and species, especially through translating. My ability to move between cultures has proved just as critical to my work at WWF as my technical expertise. The people who live and work in the Arctic represent many backgrounds and opinionsAlaska native communities, government agencies, activists, people with different nationalities. You cant do conservation work here without recognizing the cultural barriers those differences can create.I work with Alaska native communities in the remotest parts of the state to help them find solutions to human-polar bear conflict. But when I first go into a community, I never start by talking about “human-polar bear conflict”. Instead, I ask them whats happening with polar bears in their village. And I listen. We can work together to find solutions. I also rely on Alaska native people to help me share those solutions with other Alaska native communities.4. Why did the author go to Irkutsk?ATo learn Russian.BTo learn community theater.CTo help polar bears.DTo join WWF.5. What is one of the authors duties as a WWFs officer?ATo study Arctic ecosystems.BTo set up wildlife reserves.CTo collect money for Arctic animals.DTo help people live in harmony with animals.6. What does paragraph 4 intend to show?AThe benefits of volunteering.BHow to get along with different people.CHow to study environmental problems.DThe importance of learning other cultures.7. Which is the authors measure to help communities solve human-polar bear conflict?AAsking locals for situations first.BLiving in the local communities.CStressing the need to protect polar bears.DTalking about human-polar bear conflict directly.C（2021·湖南师大附中高二期中）Babies are surrounded by human language, always listening and processing. Eventually, they put sounds together to produce a “Daddy” or a “Mama”. But what still confuses neuroscientists is exactly how the brain works to put them all together.To figure it out, a team of researchers turned to a frequent stand-in(代替)for babies when it comes to language learning: the song-learning zebra finch(斑胸草雀). “Weve known songbirds learn their song by first forming a memory of their fathers song or another adults song. Then they use that memory to guide their song learning,” said Neuroscientist Todd Roberts. “It's been a long-term goal of the field to figure out how or where in the brain this memory is. This type of imitative learning that birds do is very similar to the type of learning that we engage in regularlyparticularly when were young, we use it to guide our speech learning.”Roberts and his team had a feeling that the interface(交叉区域)between sensory areas and motor areas in the brain was critical for this process, and they focused on a group of brain cells called the NIF.“In order to prove that we could identify these circuits, we thought if we could implant a false memory.” First, they used a virus to cause the neurons(神经元)in the birds NIf to become sensitive to light. Then, using a tiny electrode as a flashlight, which activated(激活)the neurons. The length of each pulse of light corresponded with the amount of time the neurons would fire. And the birds brains took that time period as the length of each note.Soon enough, the birds began to practice the notes they had learned, even though they never really heard the sounds. Amazingly, the birds produced them in the correct social situations. The researchers say this is the first time anybody has found exactly a part of the brain necessary for generating the sorts of memories needed to copy sounds.“This line of research is going to help us make out where in the brain we encode memories of relevant social experiences that we use to guide learning. We know that there are several neurodevelopmental disorders in people that have really far-reaching effects on this type of learning.”8. The zebra finch is researched because its song-learning mode _.Ais like the way babies learn speedBdecides whether it will sing songsChelps it to say “Daddy” or “Mama”Dreflects its talent for imitating its fathers song.9. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe interface in the brain.BImitative learning type like birds.CGuidance from adults.DThe way of regular learning.10. What can we learn from the research led by Roberts?Aa bird only sings what it heard beforeBThe brain produces tiny electrodes.CBirds are sensitive to flashlights.DScientists activated some neurons by using an electrode.11. What do the Roberts team expect of this line of research?AA change in our way of listening and processing.BA chance to have relevant social experiences.CA better knowledge of the secrets of learning.DIdentification of neurodevelopmental disorders.D（2021·江西·南昌二中高二阶段练习）While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that weve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didnt feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia OConner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.BWhite, in The Elements of Style the Bible for the use of American English have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says OConner. Thats why were comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesnt offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if its easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure its descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.12. What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?AIt hasnt recently been opposed by many grammarians.BIt is more commonly accepted by children than adults.CIt hasnt been a rare phenomenon in the past century.DIt is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice13. What is most leading experts attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?ACautious.BSatisfied.CDisappointed.DUnconcerned.14. What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?APredictable.BPracticable.CApproaching.DImpossible.15. What is the best title for the text?AAre 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns？BAre Summering and Medaling Annoying?CAre You Comfortable about a New Verb?DAre There Any Rules for Verbing?第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项（2021·江西·吉安一中高二开学考试）You've got mailand it's a postcardPaulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. _16_ "I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it _17_ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off. Today his hobby has developed into the website , a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. _18_ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job. Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. _19_ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken. "Many people in China have limited exposure to English. _20_ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.AAnd that's totally fineBThat makes it extra hard to learn and practice itCHe likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobbyDMany love to make a connection with someone from across the world.EOn August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.FSimilarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.GIn short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2021·上海·致远高级中学高二期末）The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely_21_ to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of _22_teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their _23_the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather _24_, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. _25_curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence _26_this belie