专题13.第十三章 情态动词（初高区别及衔接）（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（人教版2019）.docx

第十三章情态动词初中知识回顾初中阶段，我们主要学习了情态动词的基本用法以及它们之间的区别。回顾一：can和could的基本用法1.表示能力（体力、知识、技能等）。如：Can you swim?(技能)你会游泳吗？2.表示请求和允许。如：一Can I go now?我现在能去吗？一Yes,you can./No,you can't.是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。3.表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。如：They've changed the timetable,so we can go by bus instead.他们已经改了时间表，所以我们可以坐公交车去。4.表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如：This can't be done by him.不可能是他做的。1.-Please be quiet.Our teacher is coming.-It be our teacher.She has gone to Beijing.(C)A.mustB.mayC.can'tD.mustn't回顾二：may和might的基本用法1.表示请求和允许：表示现在的允许时，若是请求别人允许自己做某事，两者均可用，但might比may语气更委婉。若是自己允许别人做某事，一般只用may,而不用might。否定回答时可用cant或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。如：MayMightI use your pen'?我可以用你的钢笔吗？Yes,of course you may.是的，当然可以。（不能说Yes,you might.）2.表示推测、可能性：两者都可用，此时might不是may的过去式，只是might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。若推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；若推测正在进行的情况，后接动词进行式；若推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成式。如：He maymightnot be there.他可能不在那里。He maymightbe waiting for someone.他可能在等人。They maymighthave seen him.他们可能见到过他。3.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：May you succeed!祝你成功！2.-What's wrong with Judy?She has been absent for two days.-Oh,she be ill.Let's go to ask Mr.Green.(A)A.mayB.needC.wouldD.must回顾三：must的用法1.表示“必须，必要”：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。用于否定句时，mustn't的意思是“不准”“不能”，而不是“不必”。如：You must keep it a secret.这事你得保密。You must not drive without a license.你不得无证驾驶。2.表示推测、可能性：意为“准是”“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句中用can代之。推测现在的情况、后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行式；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成式。如：You must know his address.你一定知道他的地址。回顾四：shall和should的用法1.shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。如：What shall we do this evening'?我们今天晚上干什么啊？2.shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：You shall suffer for this.你会为此吃苦头的。（表示告诫）I shall return.我一定回来。（表示决心）3.should有时可以表“应该”，实为一种推测，语气比may,might强。如：The film should be interesting.这部电影应该很有趣。4.should有时用于第一人称疑问句表示征求意见，与shall用法相似。如：Should I close the door?我可以关上门吗？3.One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.(C)A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will回顾五：will和would的用法1.表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。如：Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?你能把球递给我吗？2.表示意志、愿望和决心。如：I will never do that again.我再也不会那样做了。They asked him if he would go abroad.他们问他是否将要出国。3,would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：During the vacation,he would visit me every other day。假期期间，他每隔一天都要来看我。4.表示估计和猜想。如：It would be about ten o'clock when she left home.她离开家的时候大约十点钟了。4.-Hi,you walk on the grass.-Sorry,I do it again.(C)A.can't;willB.needn't:won't C.mustn't;won'tD.won't;will回顾六：dare和need的用法1.dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。如：How dare you say I'm unfair'?你怎么敢说我不公平？If we dared not go there that day,we couldn't get the beautiful flowers.如果那天我们不敢去那里，那我们就不能得到那些漂亮的花了。2.need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to,should代替。如：一Need I go there today?我今天必须去那里吗？一Yes,you must./No,you needn't.是的，你必须去。/不，你不必去。3.dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。如：I dare to swim across this river.我敢游过这条河。5.I've bought all the food for the party tonight.-Thank you.Then I go to the supermarket.(D)A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't随堂练习1.(2021辽宁本溪,7)Don't you know passengers smoke on high-speed trains? A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.wouldn'tD.couldn'tB【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。needn't 不必;mustn't 禁止;wouldn't 不会;couldn't 不能。禁止吸烟是高铁上的规定,应用mustn't。故答案为B。2.(2021海南,31)How long can I keep these books?According to the library rules, you return them within 7 days.  A.mustB.mightC.couldA【解析】本题考查情态动词。根据关键词the library rules可知,设空处表示“必须”,故选A。3.(2021内蒙古包头,26)Hi, Carl! I'm leaving for Chengdu this weekend.Cool! But I get away until the end of July. A.shouldn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.mustn'tB【解析】本题考查情态动词词义辨析。shouldn't不应该;can't不能; needn't不必;mustn't严禁。此处指我直到七月末才能离开。故答案为B。4.(2021四川成都,36)Life be easy or difficult; sometimes it depends on how you look at it. A.can'tB.mustC.canC【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。根据语境可以判断,此处表示可能性。故选C。知识拓展情态动词的用法是中考的一个重要考点。can't表示不能,不可能;must表示必须,表推测时指可能性极大;can表示能够,可以。5.(2021青海,26)Lucy, you still look pale. How about your stomachache?I've taken some medicine, but it doesn't work. I go to see a doctor. A.mustB.shouldC.canA【解析】考查情态动词。依据语境可知之前吃了药但没有效,所以此处应表达“我必须去看医生”。故答案选A。6.(2021湖南益阳,24)Hey, Clark. Would you like to have a picnic with us this weekend?Sorry, I'll have an exam next Monday, so I prepare for it. A.canB.mayC.mustC【解析】本题考查情态动词。根据“我下周一将有一场考试”可知“我必须为它做准备”,故答案选择C。7.(2021江苏扬州,7)Wesee which way to go if the stars do not twinkle(闪耀) so. A.can notB.should notC.must notD.need notA【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。 can not不能;should not 不应该;must not严禁;need not不必。根据语境可知,设空处应该是不能看见。故答案为A。8.(2020菏泽,23)Look! This restaurant is always crowded.The food here be very delicious. Let's go and have a taste. A.needB.can'tC.mustC【解析】句意:看!这家餐馆总是挤满了人。这里的食物一定非常美味。咱们去尝尝吧。本题考查情态动词。根据“饭店总是挤满了人”判断食物美味,是一种肯定的推断。need需要;can't不能;must一定。故选C。 高中知识衔接高中阶段，情态动词的学习更加深入，我们将学到情态动词表示推测或判断的用法以及在虚拟语气中的用法等。知识一：情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合Mustmust+动词原形must have done肯定句may/mightmay/might+动词原形may/might have done肯定句、否定句can/couldcan/could docan/could have done否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)should should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。She may not be at home.=It is possible that she is not at home.她可能不在家。She can't be at home.=It is impossible that she is at home.她不可能在家。经典例题-What do you think of store shopping in the future?-Personally,I think it will exist along with home shopping but A.will never replaceB.would never replaceC.will never be replacedD.would never be replaced【分析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为：你对将来的商店购物怎么看？一我个人认为商店购物会与在家购物并存，但不会被取代。根据I think it will exist along with homeshopping,排除表虚拟的选项D,这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选C。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】一定要将情态动词表推测的用法与虚拟语气中的用法区别开来，不然容易误选D。知识二：ought to的用法ought to表示应当、应该，比should语气重。如：We ought to start at once.我们应该马上动身。You ought to learn how to be patient.你应当学会怎样保持耐心。ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：Children oughtn't to smoke.孩子不能吸烟。ought to可以表示劝告之意。如：You ought to respect your parents.你应该尊重你的父母。经典例题吧You love the dog.After all,it grows up with you.A.ought toB.willC.daredD.won't【分析】考查情态动词的区别。句意为：你爱这只狗。毕竟，它和你一起成长。四个选项中，只有A项有“应该，应当”的意思。【解答】答案为A。【归纳】结合语境，是解题的关键所在。知识三：would与used to的区别1. would.与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。would与used to都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。如：I used towouldgo there every year.我每年都去那儿。2.would与used to的区别主要有以下几点：(1)used to可指过去的状态或情况，would则不能。如：School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he'd overcharged a customer.(不能用would)过去，学校的孩子们都知道亚伯拉罕·林肯怎样步行5英里退还多收顾客1便士的故事。(2)would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would.只能用used to。如：From that day on,as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone,Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉，饭桌一清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）I used to live in Beijing.我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）(3)used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。如：People used to believe that the earth was flat.过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为)He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去)经典例题They missed the city where they live.A.used toB.got used toC.wouldD.will【分析】由主句的时态可以排除D项。根据逻辑，C项也不对。而B项后面需要跟动词的-ing形式。【解答】答案为A。【引申】The driver tried everything he could think of,but the car just not move.A.shouldB.mightC.mustD.would【解答】答案为D。知识四：can,could,may,might等情态动词在高中阶段，我们会继续学习can,could,may,might等情态动词的基本用法，由于在高中阶段，词汇和语法结构相对来说较为复杂，这些情态动词的用法也显得复杂，表达的感情、语气也更细微。如：The wounded man could still get to the village and was saved in the end.那个受伤的人还是回到了村子里，最后被救了下来。You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.你参军的时候，必须自己擦自己的靴子。When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me5 years ago.我经过学校的时候，都会经常去看5年前教我的那些老师。经典例题If you smoke,please go outside.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may【分析】句意为：如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】情态动词的选择必须结合语境，否则就会误选。知识五：情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中有责备的感情色彩，用法如下：should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn't have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：You should have told me about it earlier.你应该早点把那件事告诉我。You shouldn't have said such words to your parents.你不应该对你的父母说这样的话。ought to have done也表示“本应该”，而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该”。如：You ought to have told me about it earlier.你本应该早点把那件事告诉我。You ought not to have said such words to your parents.你本不应该对你的父母说这样的话。needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough.时间很充足，你本没有必要走那么快。could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。如：I could have come on time,but my car broke on the way.我本来可以准时来，但是我的车在路上坏了。经典例题-I'll tell Mary about the new job tomorrow.-You her last week.A.ought to tellB.may tellC.would have toldD.ought to have told【分析】根据题意可发现，事情已经过去了，因此表达的是虚拟语气，并且用have形·87·式。根据语气，应用ought。【解答】答案为D。【引申】-Sorry,Professor Smith.I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.Oh,you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn't【解答】答案为C。思考总结在高中阶段，情态动词主要用在短文改错和书面表达中，当书面表达的文体要求是自荐信、推荐信、倡议书或者是抱怨信的时候，恰当地选择使用情态动词，可以更有效地体现文体要求。另外，在阅读理解题型中，正确理解情态动词，可以对作者的写作意图和作者所要表达的情感做出正确的推理判断。随堂练习1. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out3. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived4. Sir, you _be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will6. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may7. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. will C. may D. shall8. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would9. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow._.A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent10. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken1. B 【解析】从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，neednt意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。2. C 【解析】根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。3. C 【解析】根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“cant+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。4. A 【解析】从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustnt表示“禁止，不准”。5. B 【解析】can在此表示许可。6. D 【解析】从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。7. D 【解析】shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。8. C 【解析】should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。9. B 【解析】对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I wont。10. D 【解析】根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用cant/couldnt have done形式。 11 / 11学科网（北京）股份有限公司