专题24.Unit4写作与阅读（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

Unit4写作与阅读写作本单元的写作任务是写一篇观点类文章。在观点类文章中你应该清楚地向读者表达你对某个特定主题的观点。写一篇好的观点类文章，应该注意以下几点：1在第一段清楚地阐明你的观点；2给出理由解释你的观点；3在最后一段用不同的方式总结你的观点。常用表达：1Recent research shows that.2In my opinion，it is very.3First，it is the easiest way to help.4Secondly，it helps people with.5Lastly，its a good idea to do.6In a word，I strongly hold the view that.(写作模板)Part 1：Nowadays some people would like to.(描述现象)Personally，I.(亮明自己的观点)Part 2：Firstly，.(论点一)Secondly，.(论点二)Part 3：All in all，it is advisable.(总结概括)假如你是李华，你们学校就“青少年是否应该整容”的问题进行讨论，要求每个同学用书信的形式投稿，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。1现在越来越多的人做整形手术，但你认为青少年不应该整容；2你的理由：对身体有害；分散学习的注意力；中学生过分注重外表不合适注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2开头和结尾已给出。第一步审题谋篇审题写作要求是发表对“青少年是否应该整容”的看法，写作时应注意下面几点：1确定文体：这是一篇议论文。写作时注意议论文的写作特点。2主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。3主体人称：由于是发表对某个问题的看法，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。谋篇第一段：开门见山，引入主题：青少年不应该整容；第二段：具体介绍自己的理由；第三段：总结自己的观点。第二步遣词造句核心词汇1整形手术plastic surgery 2在乎care about3集中精力于concentrate on4换句话说in other words5恢复正常生活return to a normal life6自信self-confidence7远离keep away from连词成句1整形手术在世界上已经变得非常流行。Plastic surgery has become very popular in the world.2我坚持认为青少年不应该整容。I strongly believe (that) teenagers shouldnt have plastic surgery.3首先，青少年不应该太在乎自己的外表。Firstly，a teenager should not care about his appearance too much.4他应该集中精力于学习。He should concentrate on his lessons.5一些青少年做了整容手术，这使他们无法回到正常的生活。Some teenagers had plastic surgery and it stopped them from returning to a normal life.第三步句式升级1用not.but.把第3句和第4句连成一句。Firstly，a teenager should not care about his appearance too much，but concentrate on his lessons.2用定语从句改写第5句。Some teenagers had plastic surgery，which stopped them from returning to a normal life.第四步组句成篇用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。【答案】Dear Editor，As is known to all，plastic surgery has become very popular in the world.Because it can improve our appearance.But I strongly hold the view that teenagers shouldnt have plastic surgery.Firstly，a teenager should not care about his appearance too much，but concentrate on his lessons.Secondly，a teenager is still growing and such surgery is likely to harm his health.Some teenagers had plastic surgery，which stopped them from returning to a normal life.Therefore，they regret having the surgery.In a word，a teenager should keep away from plastic surgery，and use knowledge to build self-confidence.Yours，Li Hua阅读天天练阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhen you cant get away，your kids still can by taking a virtual(虚拟的) field trip to a museum farm，zoo or another fun location.This is a great way to get them interested and happy.Best Tours of the World：AirPanoAirPano has a variety of tours in China，Portugal，Switzerland，and more countries.It offers narrations(叙述) of several tours and includes short written information thats easy for kids of most ages to read.The tours are also fairly short，which makes these tours great for younger kids.Best Virtual Dairy Farm Tour：Will-O-Crest FarmThis 45-minute tour of Will-O-Crest Farm in New York state walks through every step of working on a dairy farm.It shows how cows are housed and how cows are milked.The video is hosted by a narrator with a live instructor from the farm onsite.Best Aquarium Virtual Tour：National AquariumThe aquarium has more than 20,000 water animals.Kids can click and drag(拖) images to navigate(导航) their way around and use the map to explore various exhibits.Explore eight areas，such as the Amazon River，a rain forest and the Mexican Gulf.Best Natural History Tour：Smithsonian National Museum of Natural HistoryThis museum helps understand nature and humanitys place in it.Theres so much to see that not all can be listed here.However，the museum offers an online tour of most of its exhibits.Divide this tour up into a lot of lessons，so kids dont get stressed.1Which is in New York state?AAirPano.BWill-O-Crest Farm.CNational Aquarium.DSmithsonian National Museum of Natural History.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Best Virtual Dairy Farm Tour：Will-O-Crest Farm中的“This 45-minute tour of Will-O-Crest farm in New York state walks through every step of working on a dairy farm.”可知，Will-O-Crest Farm在纽约州。故选B。2What do AirPano and National Aquarium have in common?AThey are divided into lots of lessons.BThey are likely to be loved by animal lovers.CThey provide chances to tour different places.DThey teach kids knowledge about natural history.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Best Tours of the World：AirPano中的“AirPano has a variety of tours in China，Portugal，Switzerland，and more countries.”和Best Aquarium Virtual Tour：National Aquarium中的“Explore eight areas，such as the Amazon River，a rain forest and the Mexican Gulf.”可知，这两个旅游项目都给游客提供了到不同地方的旅游。故选C。3What is the best title for the text?AGive Fun to Your KidsBAdventures in Rain ForestsCTour the World with Your KidsDBest Virtual Field Trips for Your KidsD【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“When you cant get away，your kids still can by taking a virtual(虚拟的) field trip to a museum farm，zoo or another fun location.”以及下文中的四个标题可知，本文介绍了四个针对孩子的虚拟野外旅行项目。故选D。BThis was the first real task I received in my new school.It seemed simple：go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington.As I searched the name，I found that there were two famous people having the same name who looked completely different！One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts(花生)，while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen，wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice：let the coin decide.I flipped(掷) a coin and Ah！Tails (背面)！My report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter，George Washington Carver.Weeks later，I stood in front of the classroom and proudly read my homework.But things started to get strange.I looked around the room，only to find my classmates with big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes and my stone-faced teacher.I was completely lost.“What could be causing everyone to act this way？”Oh well，I dropped the paper and sat down at my desk，burning to find out what I had done wrong.As a classmate began his report，it all became clear，“My report is on George Washington，the man who started the American War of Independence.” The whole world became quiet！How could I know that my teacher meant that George Washington?Of course，my subject result was awful.Sad but fearless，I decided to turn this around.I talked to the headmaster Miss Lancelot，but she said firmly：No re-dos；no new score.I felt that it was not fair，and I believed I deserved(应得) a second chance.So I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.Ten months later，I sat in the headmasters office again，but this time a completely different conversation.I smiled and flashed back to the terrible moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster told me I was good enough to skip the 6th grade and started the 7th grade next term.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在新学校接到的第一次任务是在网上查找关于George Washington的信息，由于作者对历史了解得很少，在班级闹出了笑话。事后他埋头苦学，第一学年结束时取得了优异的成绩，并可以跳级学习。4Everyone in the class acted strangely because .AI was too proud of my homeworkBI mistook what the homework was aboutCthe whole world suddenly became quietDthe teachers face turned to a stoneB【解析】细节理解题。由第三段可知，老师布置的作业是关于领导美国独立战争的华盛顿，而不是发明多种花生用途的华盛顿。所以当作者读他的作业时，所有人表现奇怪的原因是他把作业中的人物是谁搞错了。故选B。5I after I failed the subject.Aworked harder to prove my abilityBstarted to study from the 7th gradeCwas so frightened at the awful resultDwas given a second chance to redo the workA【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“So I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.”可知从那以后，作者全身心投入到那一学年的学习中，即作者选择了通过努力学习证明自己的实力。故选A。6We can infer(推断) from the passage that .Athe headmaster didnt like the writer at allBthe writers classmates felt sad at his mistakeCthe writer knew little about American historyDthe writers grandpa was a very wise manC【解析】推理判断题。根据文章信息：其他同学都知道老师要求查找的 George Washington是谁，而作者却不知道是哪一个Washington，由此可知作者并不了解美国的历史人物。故选C。7Which of the following proverbs can best describe the main idea of this story?ASeeing is believing.BWhere there is a will，there is a way.COne is never too old to learn.DA friend in need is a friend indeed.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知，由于作者努力学习，作者从5年级直接跳到了7年级。通过作者前后两次去校长办公室的情形对比，让大家深刻领悟到：有志者事竟成。故选B。CAt some point in life, many people suffer a mental problem.While most people get over it, for others it doesnt go away easily.The World Health Organization(WHO) says that about 20 percent of children and teenagers across the globe suffer from mental illness.Its thought that the number of children and teenagers with mental illness around the world will increase by half by 2020.It will become one of the main causes of disease, disability and even death.The reason for mental problems among young people may be the increasing pressure in life.Study and relationships have always caused huge stresses for school children.For instance, they experience school bullying(欺凌) and academic pressure.In China, the picture isnt bright, either.About 30 million Chinese children and teenagers under the age of 17, or 10 percent of children and teenagers in China, have a mental health challenge, reported China Daily.Also, according to China Daily, Chinese people dont seek help with their mental problems.They fear that others will think less of them if they admit that they are in trouble.Many Chinese people are ashamed of their mental problems and mental illness is a taboo(禁忌) in any Chinese families.In the UK, over three quarters of young people believe their mental health problems have a social shame and a quarter of young UK people wouldnt ask for help if they developed a mental problem.Young people who dont seek help for their condition may be creating problems for themselves in the future.If you feel something is wrong within youseek help.Feeling down? Here are three things to try if you feel low.Go to a psychology teacher.The teacher will listen to you and offer help for free!Call 800-800-1100.Its the number of a hotline run by the Mental Health Research and Prevention Center.The line is open 24 hours a day.Tell your parents and visit the hospital if the situation gets out of control.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。在人生的某个阶段，很多人都会有心理问题。虽然大多数人都能克服它，但对另一些人来说，它不容易消失。据估计，到2020年，全球患精神疾病的儿童和青少年人数将增加一半。它将成为导致疾病、残疾甚至死亡的主要原因之一。年轻人应该学会妥善处理他们的精神问题。8According to the WHO, about of children and teenagers worldwide experience mental illness.A10 percent Bone fifthC30 percent Dthree quartersB【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The World Health Organization(WHO) says that about 20 percent of children and teenagers across the globe suffer from mental illness.”可知，世界卫生组织说全球大约20%的儿童和青少年患有精神疾病。故B选项正确。9Chinese people dont ask for help with their mental health problems probably because .Athey think less of their mental problemsBthey fear that they may get into troubleCthey are ashamed to admit having mental problemsDthey are unwilling to avoid their mental illnessC【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，中国人不寻求心理健康方面的帮助，可能是因为他们羞于承认自己有心理问题。故C选项正确。10School children with mental health problems should try the following three things EXCEPT .Aconsulting their teacherBcalling a hotline for adviceCcommunicating with their parentsDhiding their mental illness from othersD【解析】细节理解题。根据文章中的“Here are three things to try if you feel low.”可知，有心理健康问题的学生可以尝试咨询老师、拨打热线咨询或者与父母沟通来解决自己的问题。D项“对他人隐瞒自己的精神疾病”明显与原文不符。故选D。11What is the purpose in writing this article? ATo analyze the major causes of young peoples mental illness.BTo describe the current situation of young peoples mental health.CTo encourage young people to deal with their mental problems properly.DTo introduce mental problems to Chinese young people.C【解析】写作意图题。文章主要介绍了儿童和青少年患有精神疾病的情况，鼓励有心理健康问题的学生尝试咨询老师、拨打热线咨询或者与父母沟通来解决自己的问题。因此推断文章的写作目的是鼓励年轻人妥善处理他们的精神问题。故C选项正确。第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips for Healthy Travel with ChildrenChildren make up a small but important group of travellers.Their smaller bodies and developing immune(免疫) systems make their travel health needs important. 1 .Vaccines(疫苗) for childrenIn general，there is a higher risk for most vaccine-preventable diseases when travelling abroad. 2 .If you are planning to travel，check whether your childs normal vaccine schedule needs to be changed to make sure that they are fully protected before travelling.Malaria(疟疾) and children 3 .Children are particularly at risk of developing severe malaria.If you must travel with children to a malaria risk area，visit a doctor to determine if anti-malarial medication is recommended.If anti-malarial medication is allowed to take，keep them in child-proof containers and out of reach of children.Transportation risksAir travel is safe for healthy children. 4 .Some airlines will not allow newborns to fly.Ear pain caused by changes in pressure during landing is more common in children than in adults.To lessen the pain，babies should bottle or breast feed.Older children can chew gum or be encouraged to swallow or yawn. 5 Signs and symptoms(症状) of altitude sickness in children are often mistaken for other illnesses.A child with altitude sickness may throw up，hate to eat，or be anxious.Older children may also show headaches，or difficulty breathing.As it is difficult to tell if a child is developing altitude sickness and since altitude sickness can develop rapidly in children，you may travel to no higher than 2,500 m (8,200 feet)AHigh altitude sicknessBPack a travel health kitCAvoid taking children to areas with a risk of malariaDAnd these diseases tend to be more severe(严重的) in children than in adultsEThere are many facts to take into consideration when travelling with childrenFIt may be difficult to give children anti-malaria medication because it tastes unpleasantGHowever，it is necessary that you wait until newborns are one to two weeks old before flying1E【解析】根据上文“Their smaller bodies and developing immune(免疫) systems make their travel health needs important.”以及下文对带孩子旅行需要考虑的问题的论述可知，E选项“带孩子旅行时要考虑许多事实”符合上下文语境。故选E。2D【解析】根据上文“In general，there is a higher risk for most vaccine-preventable diseases when travelling abroad.”中的diseases可对应到D选项中的these diseases。故选D。3C【解析】根据下文“Children are particularly at risk of developing severe malaria.”可知儿童容易得疟疾，因此要避免带孩子去有疟疾风险的地区。故选C。4G【解析】根据下文“Some airlines will not allow newborns to fly.”中的newborns可对应到G选项中“you wait until newborns are one to two weeks old before flying”。故选G。5A【解析】本空为本段小标题，根据下文可知本段是在说明儿童得高原反应的病症，故选A。第三节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A new dish is 1. (usual) given the names of its inventor.The sandwich gets its name from the 4th Earl of Sandwich，John Montague(1718-1792)He spent long hours 2._ (work) and didn