高考英语200长难句分析及重点词汇学习（二）.docx

教育资源分享店铺 网址： 微信号：kingcsa333高考英语200长难句分析及重点词汇学习（二）21. To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.【句式翻译】要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a club or a team，volunteer, join, have和spend是并列的谓语动词，To really develop在句中作目的状语。【词语点拨】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside.一些大学生自愿到农村去。She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week. 目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天。【语法点拨】不定式to do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to do），相当于in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：One should get enough exercise to keep healthy.为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities.为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。22. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.【句式翻译】自豪地阅读我写的内容时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有三个非谓语短语，reading my words 和only to find分别作时间状语和结果状语，bearing作宾补。【词语点拨】glance vi瞥；浏览；后面常跟at, through, over等介词I picked up the phone book and glanced through it. 我拿起电话簿，匆匆扫了一遍。He glanced at his watch and left the room.他匆匆看了一下手表，离开了房间。【语法点拨】动词不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，常被just或only修饰，置于句末，用逗号和句子分开。如：I went to the classroom, only to find nobody there.我去了教室，却没有见到一个人。He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred.他冲到门边, 却发现门已被锁死了。23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the womens world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991.【句式翻译】1991年，12岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世界锦标赛，成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。【句式分析】本句是复合句，when在句中引导状语从句，to win the women's world title作定语，修饰the youngest female。【词语点拨】championship n.冠军称号；锦标赛We are proud for you to win the championship.我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。All the gold medals for the championship fell to the team.本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。【语法点拨】动词不定式作定语，具体用法参见第18句。24. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.【句式翻译】把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，To get rid of alcohol和to speed it up在句中都作主语。【词语点拨】1)get rid of 摆脱；除去How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem.如何清除空气污染仍然是个大问题。2)measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段 vt. & vi. 测量；有长（宽、高等）A clock measures time.钟是用来计量时间的。This room measures ten metres across.这个房间宽十米。Mr. Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做新衣服。We must take measures to prevent the water from being polluted.我们必须采取措施防止水被污染。【语法点拨】动词不定式作主语：具体用法参见第20句。25. Having identified the target group, researchers find out as much as possible about those in the target group, such as their likes and dislikes, and how the product would fit into their lives.【句式翻译】明确了广告的目标群体后，研究人员就会尽量获取这个群体的有关信息，例如他们的好恶，以及如何使产品适应他们的生活。【句式分析】本句是复合句，how在句中引导定语从句，Having identified the target group是现在分词的完成形式作状语。【词语点拨】identify vt. 识别，认出Could you identify your bike among a hundred others.你能从100自行车中认出你的那一辆吗？The bad weather is identified as the possible cause of the accident.坏天气被认为可能导致了这个事故。【语法点拨】having done可以作状语，此时，它代表的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，它的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致。如：Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没能通过。Having known the situation well, they could deal with the problem efficiently.由于对形势的深刻了解，他们有效地处理了问题。26. Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.【句式翻译】拉拉沿着回洞穴的路走着，听到狼群在森林里嚎叫，她的步伐加快了，担心会有野兽在等者伏击她。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，Having heard 和fearing在句中作状语。【词语点拨】1)accelerate v. 加快，加速 In order to catch up with and surpass the advanced world levels well have to accelerate our speed.要赶超世界先进水平，我们还得快马加鞭。Sunshine, fresh air, and rest often accelerate a person's recovery from sickness.阳光 、 新鲜空气和休息常会促使病人早日康复。2)lie vi.平躺；位于（lay, lain）；撒谎（lied, lied）；n.撒谎The factory lies to the west of town.工厂在小镇的西边。David felt tired, so he went and lay down for a rest.戴维感到疲劳，所以去躺下休息了。 His books lay open on the desk when I went in.我进去时，发现他的书平摊在书桌上。 Richard wasnt telling the truth. He was lying.理查德没讲实话，他在撒谎。The only way to meet the manager is to lie in wait for him as he leaves one of his meetings. 找到这个经理的唯一办法是，等着他从会议结束出来。【语法点拨】1)having done作状语：具体用法参见第25句。2）现在分词作状语：现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。The child fell，striking his head against the door.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom.因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that（假设）等。如：Talking of this film, its wonderful.说到这部电影，好极了。Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办?Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today.根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。27. Having scared the little beings, I began struggling to get loose and managed to break the strings that tied my left arm and slightly moved the strings that tied down my hair.【句式翻译】吓跑了小人，我开始挣扎以使绳子松开，终于挣断了绑着左臂的绳子，并轻轻地解开绑着头发的绳子。【句式分析】本句是复合句，两个that在从句中都引导定语从句，修饰先行词the strings，Having scared在句中作状语，to break作manage的宾语。【词语点拨】struggle vi. 搏斗; 挣扎；争取 n.打斗；挣扎；斗争The climbers struggled against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.登山者在强风中艰难的行走，最终到达山顶。They struggled to get out of the burning building.他们艰难地逃离了着火的大楼。With a struggle, I managed to control my feelings.经过一番斗争，我把情绪控制住了。【语法点拨】1)having done作状语，具体用法参见第25句。2)不定式to do常跟在下列动词后作宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like等。如：His parents choose to live in the countryside.他的父母决意在乡下居住。We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她还没露面。Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？28. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 【句式翻译】西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人，而不是老迈长者，被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有一个句式：be believed to do/be 被认为做/是，Having killed在句中作状语，to strike作定语，修饰tendency。【词语点拨】strike vt. 攻（袭）击；打，打动； (钟)敲响报(时); 使突然想起 n.打击；罢工Snowstorms often strike that area in winter.冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。The clock struck twelve.钟敲十二点。I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.我被西湖的美景给迷住了。It suddenly struck me that I ought to make a new plan.我突然想到, 我应该制订一个新的方案。The bus drivers have been on strike for several days.公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。【语法点拨】1）(sth/sb)be believed to do/be 被认为做/是= It is/ was believed that，在这个句式中，不定式作主语补足语，可以代替believe用于这个句式的动词还有：say, suppose, think, know, report等。如：Do you know why Friday is believed to be an unlucky day?你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗？The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years.多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period.人们认为建造这座大金字塔花去了20多年的时间。Yao Ming is thought to be one of the best basketball players in the world.姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。2）having done作状语，具体用法参见第25句。3）to do作定语，具体用法参见第19句。29. I dont know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.【句式翻译】我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你一点关于你期望找到的东西。【句式分析】本句是有并列连词but连接的复合句,同时包含有四个从句，what your expectations are，that youve never travelled，Id tell you和what you can都是宾语从句；knowing和to find在句中分别作主语和宾语。【词语点拨】expect v.期望；预期You cant expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability.如果你要做能力达不到的事，就别指望成功。The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation.西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。【语法点拨】1）doing可以作主语：很多情况下，相当于to do，有时也可用it 作形式主语。常用doing作主语的句型：It is no good/use doing做没用It is useless doing做没用It is worthwhile doing做是值得的It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice.劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。如果doing有自己的逻辑主语，doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如：Toms/his coming late made the manager very angry.汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。to do和doing做主语的区别：to do常表示具体的某一动作; doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。如：Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesnt pollute the air.骑自行车是很好的运动; 而且还不污染环境。2）不定式to do作宾语：具体用法参见第27句。30. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.【句式翻译】摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时主动地使你相信自己的积极的品质。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that your image is是宾语从句，to get rid of在句中作定语，to realize 和to actively convince是并列成分，作表语。【词语点拨】far from 远离；远非，远远不是The work he did yesterday is far from perfect.他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。Far from relieving my cough, the medicine made it worse.这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。2）convince vt. 使信服；常用于以下结构：convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事。如：You need to convince your boss of your ability to do the job.你需要让你的老板相信你有做这份工作的能力。convince sb to do 说服某人做某事It took me a long time to convince him to go with me.我用了很长时间才说服他和我一起去。convince sb+that从句 使某人相信I managed to convince my friend that I didnt mean to hurt him.我设法使朋友相信我不想伤害他。【语法点拨】1）不定式to do作定语：具体用法参见第19句。2）不定式to do作表语： 说明主语的具体内容。如：My only wish is to do something for the public.我唯一的愿望是为公众做些事。 表示不可避免将要发生的事。如：The discovery is to have a great effect on our life.这个发现将对我们的生活产生重大影响。不定式作表语，且主语部分有all, what, only或是最高级形容词修饰的名词和实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可省去to。如：All you need to do now is have a good rest. 现在你所需要的是好好休息。31. In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break.【句式翻译】诺丁汉城市委员会设立了一个计划，将一学年划分为五学期，并将暑假的时间减少为四周半，这样一来，五个学期均有八周的时间，每个学期之后都有两周的休息时间。【句式分析】本句是简单句，Nottingham City Council作主语，is seeking作谓语，each followed by a two-week break是独立主格结构，setting out和to reduce在句中宾语。 【词语点拨】1) seek vt. & vi.寻找；探索；寻求；固定短语：seek for 寻找；寻求；seek after寻求Richard sought to speak to her.理查德寻找机会与她说话。We sought an answer to the question, but couldnt find one.我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。Most men seek for wealth; all men seek for happiness.大多数人都追求财富; 但所有的人都希望获得幸福。One mustnt only seek after comfort, personal fame and gains.一个人不应当只贪图安逸，追名逐利。2）balance vt.平衡；权衡 balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的We have to balance the good points against the bad and then make a decision.我们必须权衡优劣，然后做出决定。You must learn to keep your balance while skating.在溜冰时你得学会保持平衡。A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important for our health.均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼对我们的健康很重要。【语法点拨】1）不定式to do作宾语：具体用法参见第27句。2）doing作宾语：介词后常接doing作宾语，如：She left the room without saying a word. 她没说什么就离开了房间。有些动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语，这类词有：finish, imagine, fancy, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, cant help（禁不住）, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep, resist, appreciate, put offdelay, suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid, ban, prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate, recommend, stand, feel like, look forward to, preferto等。如：He admitted taking the watch.他承认拿了手表。Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him.尽管她很喜欢他, 但她并不打算嫁给他。begin，start，like，prefer, hate后既可接to do也可接doing作宾语，意思差别不大，如：He likes playing/to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 stop，try，go on, remember, forget, mean, regret后面用doing或to do 不定式,意思不一样。stop doing停止做 stop to do停下来开始做try doing试一试做 try to do尽力做，企图做go on doing继续做（同一件事） go on to do继续做（不同的事）remember doing 记着做了 remember to do记着要做forget doing忘记做了 forget to do忘记要做mean doing意味着 mean to do打算做regret doing后悔做了 regret to do遗憾要做比较：I forgot teaching the students the words.我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过）I forgot to teach the students the words.我忘了教学生们这些词。（未教）32. The computer burst into life and second later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.” 【句式翻译】电脑突然活跃起来，几秒钟后屏幕变成彩色，图像开始不断变换，然后屏幕中间出现两个白色大字：“空间运输车”。【句式分析】本句是并列连词and连接的复合句，shifting and changing在句中作伴随状语。【词语点拨】burst into匆匆进入（某处）；突然开始（某事）；突然进入（某种状态）The door was suddenly pushed open and he burst into the house.门忽然推开，他闯进了屋来。Suddenly the leading car in the race burst into sight.突然，比赛中的那辆领先的车出现了。The plane burst into flames, killing two of the airmen on board.飞机突然起火, 机上的两名飞行员丧生。【语法点拨】现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。33. People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship. 【句式翻译】现在的人宁可同居，却不愿在结婚证上签字，因为他们拒绝为这种关系负责。【句式分析】本句是复合句，because在句中引导原因状语从句，living together， putting their signatures 和to accept都作宾语。【词语点拨】prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer going/to go sightseeing.有些人喜欢在海滩上躺着, 但我喜欢去游览.表示“宁愿而不愿”，“喜欢而不喜欢”，其基本句型是： preferto，主要用于比较两个名词或动名词I prefer the seaside to the mountains.我喜欢海边，不喜欢山区。I prefer questioning my pupils to lecturing them.我喜欢少讲课，多提问我的学生。 preferrather than，主要用于比较两个不定式（后面的不定式通常省略to，但前面的不定式必须带to）He prefers to read rather than watch television.他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。【语法点拨】1）不定式to do作宾语，具体用法参见第27句。2）doing作宾语，具体用法参见第31句。34. In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. 【句式翻译】除了鼓励把阅读当作所有的人的一种追求外，这个项目还允许陌生人在汽车上通过讨论这本书来交流，同时宣传把阅读当作家庭和学校共享的一次体验。【句式分析】本句是简单句，the program作主语，allows作谓语，strangers作宾语，to communicate作宾补，encouraging 和discussing都作介词宾语。【词语点拨】1)in addition to 除之外，后接名词或动名词 in addition 此外；还有In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 500 yuan per month.除工资外，他每月还有五百元钱奖金。We need money and time; in addition, we need opportunity.我们需要金钱和时间，此外我还需要机遇。2）as well as既又；和。as well as连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：The child is lively as well as healthy.这孩子既健康又活泼。We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。The teacher as well as several students is