专题10.第十章 动词语态（初高区别及衔接）（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（人教版2019）.docx

第十章动词语态初中知识回顾回顾一：各类时态的被动语态8种常见时态的被动语态表达形式：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词；一般过去时：was/were+过去分词；现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词；过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词；一般将来时：will be+过去分词；过去将来时：would be+过去分词；现在完成时：has/have been+过去分词；过去完成时：had been+过去分词。1.With the development of China,Chinese by a large number of people in the world.(B)A.speaksB.is spokenC.speakD.is speaking回顾二：情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态形式为：情态动词+be/have been+及物动词的过去分词。2.-Please come back earlier,honey!-I'm not a child!I should what to do!(B)A.be toldB.not be toldC.tellD.tells3.(2021北京,11)Today, many winter Olympic sports even by children. A.enjoyedB.enjoyC.were enjoyedD.are enjoyedD【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语Today可知应用一般现在时;sports与 enjoy之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,故选D。4.(2021湖北武汉,31)Did you notice the students a few why questions in Mr. Zhangs class? Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.A.are askedB.must be askedC.have been askedD.were askedD【解析】本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境判断用一般过去时,students与ask之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。5.(2021河北,39)These gifts by children in their last summer holidays. A.madeB.were madeC.makeD.are madeB【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处是谓语,由后面的by children可知此处应该用被动语态。由时间状语 in their last summer holidays可知,句子时态用一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态构成为“was/were+动词的过去分词”;主语These gifts是复数,所以用were,故答案为B。6.(2021云南昆明,32)A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, theyto make their own decisions. A.should allowB.shouldnt allowC.should be allowedD.shouldnt be allowedC【解析】本题考查被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”,且根据语境“很多青少年认为随着他们长大而且更聪明了”可知,此处表达“他们应该被允许自己做决定”。7.(2021辽宁本溪,9)The videos about cooking tell us how food .  A.makesB.madeC.is madeD.was madeC【解析】本题考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,从句的主语food与谓语动词make构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由主句的时态是一般现在时和从句意思可知,从句时态也应是一般现在时,故答案为C。8.(2021内蒙古包头,34)Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it to the world. A.was knownB.is knownC.has been knownD.knowsC【解析】本题考查时态和语态。由时间状语“since then”可知,本句应用现在完成时。it与know构成被动关系,应用被动语态,所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。it为第三人称单数,应用has。故答案为C。高中知识衔接高中阶段，我们将学习到更复杂的语法结构，因此主动语态和被动语态也会相对复杂一些。被动语态在高中阶段，因为往往出现在较复杂的句子结构和词汇中，因而需要在学习的时候认真记忆词汇并分析句子结构。知识一：被动语态的特殊表达法1.表示被动含义的主动动词系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来)，sound(听起来)，prove(证明是)，feel(摸上去感到)等。如：Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。2.表示被动含义的主动结构(1)动名词be worth(值得)，want(=need)(需要)，require(需要)后所用的动名词，必须用主动结构表示被动意义。如：Your hair wants/needs cutting(needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。(2)不定式作定语：不定式结构常表示动宾关系，即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语（或双宾语）+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中，特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中。如：There is so much work to do.有这么多事情要做。(3)主语+be+形容词+不定式常用于这个结构的形容词有amusing(有趣的)，cheap(便宜的)，dangerous(危险的)，hard(困难的)等。如：The film is interesting to see.这部电影看起来很有趣。3.特殊结构“be+under+名词”结构：这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。如：The building is under construction.这座楼正在建设中。经典例题Have you read the book Jane Eyre?-Yes.It's a famous book and really worth A.to readB.readingC.to be readD.read【解答】答案为B。【引申】You should get up early tomorrow morning and get there before the door opens.After all,the novel well.A.is soldB.is sellingC.sellsD.sold【分析】解答此题的关键是要明白sell与well连用时用主动表被动的用法。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】sell(销售)，wash(洗)，clean(打扫)，bun(燃烧)，cook(煮)等词有用主动表被动的用法，需要特别记忆。知识二：被动形式表主动某些“动词+反身代词”结构中的动词，在变成被动语态时，表主动。此类动词有devote,lose,dress,seat等。如：The girl dressed herself a blue skirt.The girl was dressed in a blue skirt.那个女孩穿着蓝色的裙子。经典例题Shortly after we a waiter came over to our table with a smile.A.seatedB.were seatedC.sat ourselvesD.took places【分析】做此题，要掌握seat的用法，以及和sit的区别。sit为不及物动词，故C项排除。D项不通。【解答】答案为B。【归纳】解答此类题，除掌握特殊情况外，还要掌握同义词之间的区别。知识三：区别被动语态和系表结构被动语态和系表结构在构成上是相同的，都是由be+过去分词而构成，所以在应用时应注意它们的区别。被动语态：表示以主语为承受者的动作。系表结构：表示主语的特点或所处的状态。有些动词的过去分词跟在系动词后，已经具有形容词特征，这样的结构往往是系表结构。如：be excited兴奋的；be completed完成的；be finished完成的；be delighted高兴的；be surprised惊讶的；be frightened害怕的；be tired累的；be married已婚的；be worried担心的。我们可以通过状语来判断句子是被动语态，还是系表结构。(1)有时间状语和方式状语的，一般为被动语态。如：The library is closed at six.图书馆六点钟关门。(2)在句中有by+人和by+抽象名词时，句子多用被动语态，而by+物时，多用于系表结构。The buildings were surrounded by people.大楼被人们包围了。（被动语态）The house is surrounded by trees.房子周围都是树。（系表结构）思考总结被动语态常见的考点为：1.不规则动词的过去分词的拼写；2.主动形式表示被动含义的表达方式；3.各种时态的被动语态；4.被动语态和主系表结构的区别。我们要学会灵活使用被动语态，在书面表达中，这会使得文章显得地道、精炼。随堂练习一.单句填空1.Since the very beginning, the technological base needed for 5G (consider). 【答案】has been considered2.These dams are sometimes six or seven hundred feet in length, and they (construct) so delicately that they look more like the work of man than of little dumb beasts.  【答案】are constructed3.Later, Nelson (award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.  【答案】was awarded4.Over the years the topics which were controversial at the time (discuss) and debated. 【答案】have been discussed二.单句改错5.Every one of you are encouraged to visit it. 【答案】areis6.The voluntary activity was offered us an opportunity to contribute to our society. 【答案】删除was7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcome by them. 【答案】welcomewelcomed8.Since last winter, the smog has been occurred a lot of times. 【答案】删除been三1.(2019江苏,33)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals(install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. 【答案】will have been installed2.(2019天津,8)Amy, as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 【答案】was given3.(2018天津,13)My washing machine(repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 【答案】is being repaired4.(2018江苏,30)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan(carry) out in the past two years. 【答案】had been carried5.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones (invent) yet. 【答案】hadnt been invented6.(2017天津,6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 【答案】is regarded7.(2017江苏,27)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he (follow). 【答案】was being followed8.(2016北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end.  【答案】will be rewarded9.(2015天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides. 【答案】has been reached10.(2015北京,22)Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts. 【答案】were treated11.(2015安徽,29)It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come. 【答案】will be built12.(2015福建,26)To my delight, I was(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 【答案】chosen四1.(2020届河北邢台摸底一,67)After the United States won the Mexican-American War in 1848, New Mexico became an American territory. In 1912, it (declare) the 47th state. 【答案】was declared2.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测,62)In the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols (carve) by ancient Chinese people. 【答案】were carved3.(2020届河南九师联盟9月质检,62)It will be the first US roller coaster known for a free-fall vertical drop, which totals 17 feet. Visitors (cast) 65 feet in the air at a more than 70 degree angle and then immediately drop backward in one movement. 【答案】will be cast4.(2020届山西太原五中9月月考,49)In 1976, he (rank) as the worlds second recognizable celebrity. 【答案】was ranked5.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,69)Scientists say monarchs will be in danger of dying out in the next 20 years if nothing (do) to save them. 【答案】is done6.(2019海南儋州一次统测,66)According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature, Jin Yongs novels (consider) to be of very high quality. 【答案】are considered7.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,61)The World Wide Web is composed of different websites, which (create) by people and organizations around the world. 【答案】are created8.(2018吉林百校联盟上学期联考,65)Once your brain(disturb) by some other activities, you may actually get sleepy again. 【答案】is disturbed9.(2018湖南师大附中月考一,68) Advice which(give) without being asked for is called unsolicited advice in English, namely not requested advice. 【答案】is given五These days, 1 women and men 2 (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips on dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone 3 (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things 4 (change).  Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is due to the pressure or influence of models we 5 (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up 6 a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody 7 (want) to put in the effort to have perfect muscles 8 Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even 9 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk(猛男).  But Joe Warner, the former editor of Mens Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustnt forget beauty is only skin-deep. Character is 10 (important) than appearance. 1.2.3.4.5. 6.7.8.9.10. 【答案】1.both2.are surrounded3.are4.have changed5.see/have seen6.with7.wants8.like9.invented10.more important 9 / 9学科网（北京）股份有限公司