示例解析08 固定搭配或固定句型构成的长难句-高考英语长难句典型结构示例与解析(通用版).doc

教育资源分享店铺 网址： 微信号：kingcsa333高考英语长难句典型结构示例与解析(通用版) 08固定搭配或固定句型构成的长难句1.Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language, but it differs from spoken language as it is not always explicit. 【句式翻译】身体语言，就像其他任何语言一样，被用来交流喜怒等各种态度和感情，但是与口头语言不同的是，他不总是明确清楚的。【句式分析】本句是一个由but连接的并列句，第二分句中含有一个由as引出的原因状语从句。【词语点拨】1) affection n.影响；感情；喜爱；慈爱Every mother has affection for her children. 每个母亲都爱她的孩子。 2) differ vi.不同；有区别（ from）They differ widely in their opinions. 他们的意见分歧很大。3) explicit adj.明确的；清晰的；清楚的；露骨的They gave explicit reasons for leaving. 他们明确地说出了离开的原因。【语法点拨】表原因的连词语气由强至弱依次为：because, since, as, 和for。其中前三个为从属连词，引导原因状语从句。for为并列连词。because“因为”，表直接原因，回答why的提问。since“因为，既然”，表示显然的或已知的理由。as“由于，鉴于”，语气的重点在主句，说明结果。for “因为，由于”：表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号，分句不可放句首。如：We stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我们呆在家里。Since everyone is here, lets start. 既然大家都到了，我们开始吧！As it was late, I made haste to go. 由于晚了，我赶紧走了。He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，因为他今天缺席了。2.Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies. 【句式翻译】因此身体语言可以让人们的感觉更外露，因为尽管我们可以用语言来掩饰我们的感受，但是用身体就不那么容易。【句式分析】本句是一个复合句，原因状语从句由as引导。从句又是一个复合句，含有一个由although引导的让步状语从句。【词语点拨】transparent adj.透明的；明显的；清晰的The insects wings are almost transparent. 这昆虫的翅膀几乎是透明的。 【语法点拨】as在本句中出现在两个地方，第一个as是连词，表原因。而第二个as是副词，相当于so，表程度，“如此，那么地”，常用于asas结构中。as . as .指“两个人或物在某方面一样”，既可以用在肯定句里，也可以用在否定句中，而so . as .只能用在否定句里。如：As the wage of the job was low, there were few applicants for it. 因为工资低,没有什么人申请这份工作。I haven't got as much money as I thought.我带的钱没有我自己想象的那么多。3.Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a step closer to achieving them. 【句式翻译】相信自己，每天写下你的目标，不管他们有多小，你就离实现它们这一目标一步步地靠近了。 【句式分析】全句的主干是“祈使句+ and分句”，分句中多用sb will。祈使句中有两个谓语动词和一个由however引导的让步状语从句。 【词语点拨】however adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么 conj.不管怎样However rich people are, they always want more. 无论人们有多富裕，他们总还是想要更多。【语法点拨】“祈使句+ and分句”，常用于口语中，表示建议、告诫、鼓励等意味。祈使句部分相当于if 引导的条件状语从句，而and分句相当于主句。如：Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。此句也可以改成：If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 4.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. 【句式翻译】简言之，镜像神经元的存在表明，不管我们是否真正执行相同的操作，每一次我们看到别人做点什么，我们的大脑就会模仿。 【句式分析】该句的主干是主谓宾结构，the existence of mirror neurons是主语，suggests是谓语，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句又是一个复合句，它的主句是our brains imitate it，名词短语every time做连词，引导时间状语从句，whether （or not）引导让步状语从句。【词语点拨】1) put simply adv. 简而言之（插入语）Put simply, we either accept their offer or go bankrupt.简单地说吧，我们要么接受他们的条件，要么破产。 2) imitate vt.仿效；仿制；模仿Teachers provide a model for children to imitate. 教师是孩子们仿效的典范。 【语法点拨】英语中除了像when，as soon as等连词外，还有两类词可充当连词的功能。它们是名词短语，如each time, next time，every time, the last time以及the moment, the minute, the instant等和副词，如immediately, directly, instantly等来引导时间状语从句。如：Every time he comes, he will bring me a small present. 他每次来，都要给我带个小礼物。I came to see you the moment I arrived in Beijing. 我一到北京就来看你了。5.A temperature increase of 1°F may not sound like a lot, but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences. 【句式翻译】气温升高1华氏度听起来无所谓，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的的二氧化碳和其他气体， 我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。 【句式分析】该句主干是一个but连接的并列句，第二个分句又是一个由if引导的主从复合句。【词语点拨】1) quantity n.量；数量；大量 The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products. 这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。 2) condemn vt.（从道义上）谴责；判处（某人刑罚）；迫使接受困境We must not condemn her on pure supposition. 我们千万不能单凭猜测就谴责她。3) consequence n.结果；后果；重要性；影响It terrified me to contemplate the consequence of your action. 一想到你行动的后果,我就感到害怕。 【语法点拨】词组a large/great quantity of或quantities of的意思是“大量的”，其后可跟不可数名词或复数名词。在句中作主语时，a quantity of接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式，接可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。而 quantities of修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时，谓语动词都用复数形式。如： He ate only a small quantity of rice at noon. 他中午只吃了少量的米饭。A large quantity of newspapers are printed in this factory every day. 每天大量的报纸在这家工厂被印刷。6.Surely were still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings, but there is a growing resistance to this consuming society which is especially affecting the youth today with their computers, i-pads, designer clothes and mobile phones. 【句式翻译】当然，我们比那些穿着破衣烂衫、睡在大街上或者空置的大楼里的人的生活要好得多，但是现在的年轻人特别容易受到电脑、i-pad随身听、名牌服装和移动电话等的影响，所以越来越多的人开始抵制这种消费社会。 【句式分析】全句的主干是一个由but连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有than引导的比较状语从句，修饰better off。第二个分句的主句是There be，其后是which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的society。【词语点拨】1) well off adj.富有的；走运的（better off 是well off的比较级） Jack has just bought another new car; he must be very well off. 杰克刚又买了一辆新车，他一定很富裕。2) vacant adj.空虚的；空的；木然的 There are some vacant offices on the third floor. 四楼有几间空闲的办公室。【语法点拨】there be句式的主谓一致问题: 若只有一个主语，谓语的数则取决于该主语的数；若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。如：There is a man at the door. 门口有个人。There are some girls in the room. 房间里有几个女孩。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。7.It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors homes to ask for sweets，but if the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 【句式翻译】万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃，但是如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 【句式分析】全句是一个由but连接的并列句。前一个分句是一个主从句，主句的表语a childrens festival有自己的定语从句，由when引导。后一个分句也是一个复合句，if引导的条件状语从句在前，主句在后。【词语点拨】1) dress up v.穿上盛装；打扮得漂亮；伪装Her maid helped her to dress up for the party. 她的女仆帮助她穿上参加晚会的礼服。 2) play a trick on sb v.捉弄某人; 开某人玩笑; 欺骗某人I've paid her back for the trick she played on me. 她捉弄了我，我已回敬她了。【语法点拨】情态动词表推测时，按语气由弱到强分别为：might，may，could，can，should，must。其中might意思是“可能”，语气最弱，接近于could。而must意思是“肯定”，语气最强。如：She might go shopping她可能买东西去了。She should be in the park她按说应该在公园里。She must go to the cinema他一定是看电影去了。8.While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination. 【句式翻译】虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，完成这些活动需要强大的力量，健康的体格和坚定的决心。 【句式分析】全句的主干是主从复合句，while引导的让步状语从句。【词语点拨】amount n.数量；总额 Hes a large amount of mail to answer every day. 他每天有大量信件要回复。The total cost of repairs amounted to 100 dollars. 修理费用总计一百美元。 【语法点拨】while作连词时，有三种意义高考经常涉及：1）作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为"当的时候"；2）作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句，表转折，意为"虽然；尽管"；3）作并列连词，表示对比，意为"然而"。如：While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. 尽管我不是太喜欢艺术，我却发现他的作品很有感染力。9.The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. 【句式翻译】17世纪以前的航海记录显示，即使没有现代航海技术的帮助，他们也没有任凭海洋摆布。 【句式分析】该句为复合句，其主句的谓语动词show后面接一个that引导的宾语从句。而定语从句也是一个复合句，含有even though引导的让步状语从句。【词语点拨】1) voyage n.航行；旅程 v.航行；旅行 This is the virgin voyage of the ship. 这是这艘船的处女航。They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 他们计划做穿越太平洋的旅行。2) at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布The boat was at the mercy of the rapid river. 那条船任由湍急的河流摆布。 【语法点拨】even though和even if引导让步状语从句时的区别： even if 引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使”；就算；哪怕”，所以可用于虚拟语气。Even if you saw him pick up the money, you cant be sure he stole it. 就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。I would have married her even if she had been penniless. 即使她身无分文，我也会和她结婚。而even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的，相当于汉语的 “尽管；虽然”。 He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。Even though I didnt know anybody at the party, I had a nice time. 尽管这次聚会上我谁也不认识，我也玩得挺痛快。不过，在实际语言运用中，even if与even though有时也可不加区别地混用。Even if / Even though she laughs at him, he likes her. 尽管她嘲笑他，他还是很喜欢她。10.A few varieties, however, can kill humans, so it is just as well that snakes are very shy and usually attack only if they are disturbed and feel threatened. 【句式翻译】不过，还是有少数几种蛇能致人于死地。好在蛇都胆小怕事，通常只在被打搅和感到有威胁时才会出击。 【句式分析】该句的主干是一个由so连接的并列句。第二个分句是由it做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。that从句中的谓语动词attack又带有自己的条件状语从句，由if引导。【词语点拨】just as well adj.幸好；无妨It is just as well that you took another road. 幸好你们走了另一条路。【语法点拨】在英语当中常用it作形式主语，而把真正做主语的从句、不定式、动名词短语等放在后面以达到平衡句子结构的目的。如：It happened that I had no money on me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。It is foolish of you to give up such a good chance. 你放弃这样一个好机会真蠢。It is no good/ no use telling him that. 告诉他那件事一点作用都没有。11.This crocodile moves very quickly when it sees something it considers to be food, and from time to time a crocodile has snatched someone before he or she is even aware that the crocodile is there. 【句式翻译】当这种鳄鱼看到某个东西并认为是食物的时候，它就会迅速行动，就这样时常捕获那些还未来得及察觉到鳄鱼的人。 【句式分析】整个句子的主干是and连接的两个并列分句。第一分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，而状语从句也是复合句，包含一个省略了引导词that的定语从句，来修饰something。而第二分句中含有before引导的时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中形容词aware后接that引导的宾语从句。【词语点拨】1) from time to time adv.有时；不时The temper gets the best of him from time to time. 他有时控制不住脾气。2) snatch n.抢夺 v.夺取；抓住；抓取（粗暴、突然、不礼貌，强调动作）The thief made a snatch at the woman's purse. 小偷试图抢夺那女的钱包。 He snatched up his gun and fired. 他突然拿起枪来射击。【语法点拨】英语中宾语从句一般是在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语，如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make，find，see，hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。但是，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，happy，glad，aware，certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。如：You know that I have been busy decorating my new house these days. 你知道我最近这些日子一直忙着新房的装修。I find it my duty that I should offer you my help. 我觉得帮助你是我的职责。I am sure that he will come to help us. 我敢肯定他一定会来帮我们的。12.Organizations and individuals advertise because they want to persuade people to behave in certain ways, for example to buy a certain brand of rice, stop speeding or see a movie at their cinema. 【句式翻译】组织和个人都作广告，因为他们都想说服别人按某种方式来行事，例如要你买某个牌子的大米，或者要你停止高速驾车或在他们的电影院里看一场电影。 【句式分析】该句主干是主句和because引导的原因状语从句。而句中for example后有三个不定式短语来解释to behave in certain ways，即to buy, to stop, to see，但后两个中的不定式符号to在and或or连接的情况省略了。【词语点拨】certain adj.肯定的；某个；特定的 It's certain that every effect must have a cause. 无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。 To a certain extent, I'm in favor of your project. 在一定程度上，我赞成你的方案。【语法点拨】并列不定式省略to的情况：由并列连词and，except, but, than, or 连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。如：He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那儿等他。注意：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略to。如：To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败总比根本不尝试好。13.When it comes to advertising, consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers so they can judge the claims for themselves and not blindly accept everything that is said in advertisements. 【句式翻译】当说到广告时，消费者需要了解广告商所使用的伎俩，这样他们才能对各种广告主张做出自己的判断，而不致于盲目地接受广告中所说的一切。 【句式分析】该句的主干是when引导的时间状语从句（也可以看成是插入语）和主句。而主句又是一个复合句，含有so引导的目的状语从句，其谓语部分有两个：can judge和（can）not accept。而accept的宾语everything又带有自己的定语从句。【词语点拨】claim n. / vt.要求；主张；断言；声称要求Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?出了车祸后，你向保险公司要求赔偿了吗？The government would not even consider his claim for money. 政府甚至不会考虑他的赔款要求。 【语法点拨】当先行词具备下列特征时，定语从句要用that不用which引导：不定代词all，little，the one，something，none等; 被no，any，every，some，all，much，little等修饰; 是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰; 既指人又指物。如：Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你还有什么要替自己辩解的吗？This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看到过的最好的电影。We all became very excited when we talked about the things and persons that we could still remember about our college life.当我们说到还能记得的大学生活当中的那些人和事儿时，我们都变得激动起来。14.They dont see men succeeding in society so it doesnt occur to them that they could make something of themselves. 【句式翻译】他们没有看到有人在社会上成功，因此他们想不到他们自己可以干出些成就。 【句式分析】该句是由so连接的一个并列句。第二分句中it为形式主语，代替后面的真正主语从句that以起到平衡句子结构的作用。【词语点拨】succeed v.成功（ in + n./v -ing）；继承；接着发生If you work hard you will succeed. 如果你努力工作，你就会成功。 We succeeded in repairing the engine. 我们成功地修好了发动机。 The war ended and a long peace succeeded. 战争结束之后紧接着是长期的和平。 【语法点拨】在表示“某人突然想到”时，英文中常用含有it的句式：It occurs to sb. that = It strikes/ hits sb. that，其中的that引导主语从句。如：It (suddenly) occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.我突然想起在什么地方见过他。15.We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. 【句式翻译】我们轻易地被减肥产品的承诺和潜在可能性所吸引，以致于我们不去想减肥产品会对我们有什么作用。 【句式分析】该句是一个由sothat连接的主从复合句。【词语点拨】diet n.食物；规定饮食 v.节食；照规定饮食The doctor says Ive got to go on a diet. 医生说我得节食。 You ought to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并多做运动。【语法点拨】sothat作“如此以至于”解，连接一个结果状语从句。so后面一般接形容词或副词，但如果一个名词的前面有many、much、few、little等表示“多、少”的单个形容词来修饰该名词，也要用so。如：He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得如此之快以至于没人能追上他。He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。16.Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now. 【句式翻译】这不是现在由父母能容易完成的事情，因为生活更难理解或处理，但是分享兴趣确实使为人父母更有意思了。 【句式分析】句子的主干是一个but连接的并列句。而第一分句是复合句，由主句+ because引导的原因状语从句构成。【词语点拨】1) accomplish vt.完成；实现I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months. 在过去几个月里，我完成了相当多的工作。2) fun n.乐趣；玩笑 adj.有趣的 fun是不可数名词,没有复数形式,也不可加不定冠词,其后可接(in) v-ing。 I'm learning to cook, just for the fun of it. 我正在学做饭，做著玩儿而已。 Swimming in the sea is great fun. 在海里游泳很好玩。We had great fun in chatting with each other. 我们彼此聊得很开心。【语法点拨】强调句型“It is/was +被强调成分+that +句子剩余成分”可以用来对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调来加强语气和表达效果，但是不能对谓语动词进行强调，这时要用do, does 和did+动词原形, 常译为“确实,一定，务必”。对谓语动词的强调有两个条件：首先，句子的时态为一般现在或者一般过去时。其次，只有肯定句才能使用这种强调词。如：Do remember to write to me. 一定记得给我写信啊。He does like rafting. 他的确喜欢漂流。I did call you last night, believe it or not.我昨天晚上确实给你打电话了， 信不信由你。17.When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, its women who come out on top every time. 【句式翻译】当话题谈到既要和老板通电话，同时还要做饭、看孩子时，每次都是女性身先士卒。 【句式分析】逗号以前是when引导的时间状语从句，逗号后面是一个对主语进行强调的强调句式。【词语点拨】1) keep an eye on v.留意；照看 We want guests to keep an eye on their behavior all the time.我们希望客人们时刻留意自己的举止。 2) come out vi.出现；出版；结果是 come out on top 成功 (战胜困难；居首)That magazine comes out once a month. 那个杂志每月出一期Please tell me how the voting came out. 请告诉我选举结果如何。【语法点拨】强调句型由“It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他成分”构成。用来强调话语中的某个成分，被强调的成分可以是主语，宾语，状语，但不可以是谓语或定语。去掉It is/wasthat之后，剩余的部分必须是一个完整的句子结构。强调人时可用who/whom，强调其他任何部分用that。如：It is I that/who am right. 正确的人是我。It was a foreigner that/whom we met at the school gate. 我们在校门口遇见的是一位老外。It was in the supermarket that Tom lost his wallet. #汤姆是在超市里丢的钱包。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work. 她没去上班是因为妈妈病了。18.As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life. 【句式翻译】随着名人在市场变得越来越有经验，他们迅速扩大他们的产品规模，几乎包含了日常生活中的所有产品。 【句式分析】该句是一个复合句。时间状语从句由as引导放在句首，主句后有一个现在分词短语作expand的结果状语。【词语点拨】1) expand v.使 膨胀；详述；扩张；增加Metals expand when they are heated. 金属遇热则膨胀。