专题11.第十一章 非谓语动词（初高区别及衔接）（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（人教版2019）.docx

第十一章非谓语动词初中知识回顾初中学到的非谓语动词，通常充当的是宾语或者宾语补足语的成分回顾一：后面可跟动词的-ing形式的情况finish,enjoy,practice,imagine,avoid,consider,suggest,mind,keep等动词后要接动词的-ing形式。feel like,be busy,be worth,spend time(in),have difficult/trouble in,have fun,等固定短语后面也接动词的-ing形式。on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等介词后也要动词的-ing形式。1.Bruce practices basketball every day so that he can be a better player.(C)A.playB.to playC.playingD.played回顾二：后面可跟动词的不定式的情况agree,afford,decide,hope,wish,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,would like,want,learn,prefer,seem等动词可跟动词的不定式形式。2.-What would you like to do to relax yourself?I prefer basketball rather than magazines.(D)A.playing;readingB.to play;to readC.play;readD.to play;read回顾三：后面既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况有些动词接doing和to do意义相近，像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大。有些动词后加不定式或动名词，语意区别很大，如：remember to do(记住要去做)remember doing(记得已做过)forget to do(忘记去做)forget doing(忘记做过)3.-I think you should stop him in English.-I see.He can't understand English at all.Let me try in French.(A)A.talking toB.to talk toC.talk toD.to talking to回顾四：后面跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况1.在感官动词和使役动词后feel,hear,listen to,watch,look at,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号t。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to,也可不带to。2.助动词或情态动词后do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。3.某些固定句型中(1)在祈使语气（或口语）中。(2)had better最好做某事(3)Will(Would)you please(not)?请（不要）做某事好吗？(4)Why not.?为何不做某事(5)would rather(not)宁可（不）；宁愿（不）。此句型也可以扩展成：would rather.than.=would.rather than.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.4.I wanted to see the Beijing Opera,so Lingling offered me to watch an opera.(C)A.tookB.takesC.to takeD.taking回顾五：既可跟动词原形又可跟动词-ing形式的情况see,watch,hear等动词后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。5.I tried to make Alice her mind but I found it difficult.-Well,I saw you that when I went past.(D)A.changed;do B.changes;doingC.change;to do D.change;doing随堂练习1.(2021青岛黄岛二模,26)I like playing computer games in my spare time. What about you?Me? I prefer TV rather than computer games. A.to watch;playB.watching;playC.to watch;playingD.watching;playingA【解析】句意:我在空闲时间喜欢玩电脑游戏。你呢?我?我宁愿看电视也不愿玩电脑游戏。本题考查固定搭配。prefer to do.rather than do.意为“宁愿做而不愿做”。这一结构中prefer后接动词不定式,rather than后面接不带to的不定式。故选A。2.(2021济南市中一模,33)The construction of Subway Line 4 in Jinan has begun!Wonderful. It will be more convenient for people in the suburb to travel around. A.liveB.livingC.livedD.livesB【解析】句意:济南地铁4号线已开工!太好了。住在郊区的人四处旅行会更方便。本题考查现在分词作后置定语。people和live构成主动关系,故选B。3.(2021东营广饶二模,33)Though he often made his little sister, today he was made by his little sister. A.cry;to cryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.to cry;cryA【解析】句意:虽然他经常把他妹妹弄哭,但今天他却被妹妹弄哭了。本题考查动词不定式。使役动词make用于主动语态时,其宾语补足语要用省略to的不定式,但当它用于被动语态时,作其宾语补足语的动词不定式要还原to。故选A。4.(2021烟台莱州文峰中学一模,29)Mr. Ling, I have some difficulty the article. Remember it three or four times at least. A.to understand;readingB.understanding;readingC.understanding;to readD.to understand;to readC【解析】句意:凌先生,我理解这篇文章有点困难。记得至少读三到四遍。本题考查非谓语动词。第一句用到固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.,第二句是凌先生提出的建议,remember to do sth.表示记得做某事。故选C。5.(2020临沂河东一模改编,20)I like comedies because they often make me to relax. A.laughingB.laughC.to laughB【解析】句意:我喜欢喜剧,因为它们经常让我大笑来放松。本题考查非谓语动词。make为使役动词,用于主动语态时,其后的宾语补足语用省略to的不定式。故选B。高中知识衔接高中阶段，非谓语动词的学习更加深入，我们将要学习到它们充当句子各种成分的用法。知识一：作主语不定式短语或者动名词短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语或者动名词短语放在谓语之后，而用t作形式主语。如：It is our duty to give as much help as possible.提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。To err is human,to forgive is divine.犯错误是人之常情，宽恕才难能可贵。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。拓展动名词和不定式都可作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示一般或抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。在It is no use/good,not any use/good,useless后人们习惯用动名词。经典例题1.-What do you suppose made her worried? a gold ring.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.Because of losing【分析】回答why引导的问句，一般用不定式表示原因或者目的；回答what问句，一般用-ing形式来作主语。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】答语经常出现省略现象，把省略的成分补充出来，也会有助于正确解答。2. to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.A.ExposedB.Having exposedC.Being exposedD.After being exposed【分析】由题意“暴露在阳光下太久，会伤害人的皮肤”可知应采用-ing形式的被动式作主语。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】非谓语动词作主语除了应考虑主谓一致的情况，还应该考虑非谓语动词中所隐含的主语和动词之间的主被动关系。【引申】It's important for the figures regularly.A.to be updatedB.to have been updatedC.to updateD.to have updated【解答】答案为A。知识二：作表语动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，当表示下一步打算时多用不定式作表语。分词作表语，多表示性质或者状态。如：My job is to help the patient.我的工作是帮助病人。My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你英语。The news is inspiring.这消息令人鼓舞。The window is broken.窗户破了。拓展不定式作表语时，不定式前可用what,who,which,where.when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语。如：The question is how to do the job well.问题是怎样做好这项工作。要注意不定式作表语与“be to do'”结构的不同：不定式作表语说明主语的性质或内容，而“be to do”结构表示安排要做的事情。如：My next plan is to draw a picture for the house.我的下一个计划是为这座房子画一幅图。(不定式作表语)We are to meet at the school gate at six.我们约好六点在学校门口见面。(be to do表示安排)经典例题In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.to be stuckD.to have stuck【分析】本题考查remain后接动词的用法。remain是高考的重点词汇。当它作系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。【解答】答案为B。【归纳】考试中，系动词的考查往往不直接采用be动词，而用remain,seem等系动词。【引申】Ladies and gentlemen,please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.A.seatedB.seatingC.to seatD.seat【解答】答案为A。知识三：作定语1动词不定式作定语，常表示将来的动作。如：The meeting to be held next week will be of great importance.下周将要举行的会议极为重要。说明作定语的不定式如果与其前面所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，然而动词又为不及物动词，动词后要加介词或副词，使其成为及物动词词组。如：Will you find me a pen to write with?你能给我找一支写字的笔吗？2.单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面，短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面。如：The question being discussed is important to us.正讨论的这个问题对我们来说很重要。The excited people rushed into the building.兴奋的人们冲进了大楼。注意：不定式的被动语态作定语表达将来的动作，过去分词作定语表达过去或完成的动作，现在分词被动语态的一般式表达一种正在进行的动作。(l)The meeting to be held next week is about how we can deal with this problem.下周要开的会是关于我们如何解决这个问题的。(to be held=which is to be held,be to在此表达将来)(2)The book published last month sells well.上月出版的那本书卖得很好。(published which was published,此时published不可用to be published或being published代替)(3)The building being built now will be finished in ten days.正在建筑的那栋楼将在l0天内完工。(being built=which is being built,表示正在进行的动作)经典例题The island, to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.A.joiningB.to joinC.joinedD.having joined【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】对于及物动词，在做题时，应考虑其后是否有无宾语，这样，可以帮助排除错误答案。【引申】l.We're having a meeting in hall an hour.The decision at the meeting will in the future of our company.A.to be madeB.being madeC.madeD.having been made【解答】答案为A。2.Time, correctly,is money in the bank.A.to useB.usedC.usingD.use【解答】答案为B。知识四：作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、原因、结果。如：She arrived early in order to get a good seat.她到得很早，图的就是弄个好座位。（目的）The child is too young to go to school.这孩子太小，不能去上学。（结果）We were excited to hear the news.听到这个消息，我们激动了。（原因）说明不定式也可以作结果状语，然而不定式多表达意料之外的结果，而现在分词表达意料之中的结果。如：She went to Shanghai specially to see her brother,only to find that he had gone to Beijing a few days before.她专程去上海看望她的兄弟，却发现他几天前去了北京。They got up very early that day,finding nobody in the station when they got there.那天他们很早就起床了，到了车站却发现那里空无一人。经典例题Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.A.saysB.saidC.to sayD.saying【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：萨拉假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。【解答】答案为D。【归纳】动词不定式、动名词和分词作定语之间是有区别的，做题时，需要把握三者之间的异同。【引申】1. to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.A.Having been askedB.To askC.Having askedD.To be asked【解答】答案为A。2.Tom took a taxi to the airport,only his plane high up in the sky.A.findingB.to find C.being foundD.to have found【解答】答案为B知识五：非谓语动词的时态与语态1.不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式形式，既有主动语态又有被动语态两种语态。有todo,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done等形式。(1)不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。如：I'm sorry to tell you that you are wrong this time.我很遗憾地告诉你这次是你错了。(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。如：I am very glad to be talking with you.我很高兴与你交谈。(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。如：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.对不起，让你久等了。当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。如：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.他要求去农村工作。2.动名词的时态分为一般式和完成式两种形式。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式；如果与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，则用一般式。如：I'm sorry for not having kept my promise.对不起，我没有遵守诺言。3.分词的时态和语态。过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，因而没有完成式和被动语态。现在分词有一般式和完成式两种形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种语态，有doing,havingdone,having been done等形式。经典例题As the twentieth century came to a close,the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand,waiting A.to useB.to be usedC.to have usedD.to be using【分析】本题考查不定式的时态与语态。因use与the raw materials之间是动宾关系，因此此处用不定式的被动语态。B项符合题意。【解答】答案为B。【归纳】选用非谓语动词时，需仔细分析非谓语动词与描述对象的主被动关系。【引申】1. around the fire,the tourists danced with the local people.A.GatherB.To gatherC.GatheringD.To be gathering【解答】答案为C。2. from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.Having seenD.To see【解答】答案为A。知识六：现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。(1)表示时间，相当于when,while引导的状语从句。例如：He went through the papers while listening to music.他边浏览报纸，边听音乐。(2)表示条件，相当于引导的条件状语从句。例如：Being given once more chance,I will finish the task!假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！(3)表示原因，相当于because,since,for,as等引导的原因状语从句。例如：Being ill,she can't go to work today.因为生病，今天她不能上班了。(4)表示让步，相当于though,although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。例如：Although working hard every day,we still have endless work to deal with.我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。(5)表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。例如：Their car was caught in a traffic jam,causing the delay.他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果耽搁了。(6)表示方式或伴随状语。例如：They lay on the grass,looking at the sky.他们躺在草地上，仰望着天空。思考总结常见的非谓语动词表达可以用这样一句话来记忆：ing表示主动进行，ed表示被动完成，不定式表示目的结果未发生。其常见的考点为：1.区别现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别；2.判断不定式的主动形式和被动形式；3.积累只能跟动名词的动词和只能跟不定式的动词。随堂练习考点一非谓语动词作宾语.单句填空1.It was he that first set up private schools and accepted students from every walk of life without (consider) their social status.  【答案】considering2.So I attempted (translate) through the things they were familiar with. 【答案】to translate3.In my mind, theyre helping us to become calm and consider(win)and solving real problems as well. 【答案】winning4.Sometimes, by caring only about the cups, we fail(enjoy)the coffee. 【答案】to enjoy.单句改错5.Instead of seek a shelter, my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books. 【答案】seekseeking6.It was Friday, early in the morning. I did not want go to school, so I told my mother that I got a fever.  【答案】want后添加to7.In the beginning, I wasnt used to talk to strangers. 【答案】talktalking8.You can make more friends from different parts of the country by serve them when working there. 【答案】serveserving考点二非谓语动词作定语1.The event serves not only as a spectacular ceremony to commemorate the world-famous Chinese philosopher, but a chance(celebrate) Chinese culture together with other local communities. 【答案】to celebrate2.The food(prepare) in this way keeps its fresh flavor and its this flavor that attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking. 【答案】prepared3.As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a book (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told. 【答案】named4.For many people, especially those (live) in the old parts of towns, this is undoubtedly a problem. 【答案】living5.This site reports science news(cover)a wide range of subjects. 【答案】covering考点三非谓语动词作主语、表语1.For his second appearance in front of the camera, Chaplin selected the costume with which he became (identify). 【答案】identified2.(have) a balanced and healthy diet is another good choice. 【答案】Having3.His new idea was(make)the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball. 【答案】to make/making考点四非谓语动词作状语.单句填空1.Peking opera has a rich list of plays, artists, troupes(剧团), and wide influences, (make)it the leading opera in China. 【答案】making2.(inspire)by the sparrow hawk(鹰)circling around in the sky, Lu Ban made one with bamboo and called it “bamboo sparrow”. 【答案】Inspired3.In the Song Dynasty, people loaded gunpowder on a kite (attack)the enemy by flying it into the sky above the enemy camp, where it exploded and caused chaos. 【答案】to attack4.They lose weight for a while, only (gain) more when they stop the program. 【答案】to gain.单句改错5.We gathered at the Sunshine Square and gave out leaflets to passers-by, tell them the importance of environmental protection. 【答案】telltelling6.In addition, attracting by interesting topics, you are free to get involved in the weekly discussion. 【答案】attractingattracted7.After school, I went back home on time to help my parents do some housework while enjoy some light music. 【答案】enjoyenjoying考点五非谓语动词作补语1.They start building their huts late in the summer, but do not get them (finish) before the early frosts.  【答案】finished2.Goals can help you do and experience everything you want in life and goals allow you(make) your life happen. 【答案】to make3.During the Qin dynasty,to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls(join)up. 【答案】joined4.The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it(operate)for an hour. 【答案】operating二 The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list 1 (block)out harmful bacteria from water. The discovery was made by a team 2 (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filterone that would help communities in 3 (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.  The researchers, 4 (lead) by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 5 (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 6 (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles. They began by 7 (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people 8 (relate) then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water 9 (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 10 (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.  1.