英语7下-第2讲 Unit 1 话题作文及综合题型 （精英教案）-2020-2021学年七年级英语下册同步培优教案（译林牛津版）.docx

主 题7B Unit1 话题作文及综合题型学习目标1. 话题：我的理想家园；2. 任务型阅读+首字母填空。 教学内容【课堂导学】处理上次课课后巩固作业及预习思考内容。1、 上次课后巩固作业复习； 2、 互动探索Whats the most important thing in a family?I think love is the most important because love can keep my family happy.I love my dad and mom, my parents love me , too.Love is everything in a family.When you feel sad, love in your family can make you happy again.When you are angry with your parents, love can bring you together again. Lets share yours!【知识点梳理】话题：我的理想家园【知识梳理】一、写作概述培养英语写作能力是初中英语教学的重要目标之一。然而，很多初中学生在英语习作中普遍存在着阐述不清、文笔混乱、词汇空乏、措辞不当、中文式英语等问题。写作教学应该是贯穿于整个英语教学全过程的教学实践，可以从下面几个方面进行写作教学与写作训练。 其一是记关键词，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。其二是记关键短语，主题句等。其三是听完后说出故事梗概，不要很长，两三句即可。二、英文写作之“三大黄金定律”人们进行写作的一般目的是向读者传递信息、介绍情况，或阐述作者对某一主题所持的观点，用英文写作也不例外。为让读者更好地理解所传递的信息，使用英文进行写作时，行文一定要注意做到清晰、准确、简洁这三点，这就是公认的英文写作“三大黄金定律”。定律之一：清晰文章的清晰体现在读者能够很容易理解作者讲述的内容。为保证所写文章清晰明了，写作时有两点一定要加以注意：一是越确切具体越好。在这一方面，作者首先应明确了解自己所要传达的信息、读者的范围及特点，然后再选择相关信息，采用某种文体格式传递给读者。也就是说，写作必须要以特定读者为对象，以让读者能够明确接受作者所传递的信息为宗旨。尽量以客观陈述为主，少主观臆测推断；尽量明确无误表达，少模棱两可评论，这是使文章清晰确切的写作准则。二是组织结构富有逻辑性。文章结构富有逻辑性会让读者很轻松地读懂作者要表达的思想内容。文章的这种逻辑性可以通过采用从一般到具体、从“全景”到细节、从问题的定义到分析再到提出解决方案等多种方式来体现。定律之二：准确要使文章语义表达准确，首先要尽量不要在学术文章中出现“大概、也许”之类模棱两可的词语，避免出现容易让人困惑和误解的词语和表达法;其次，要尽量避免使用那些有多种含义的词语和表达法。例如：Singapore is a fine country. 这句话中的fine一词有多种含义，如“好的、细小的、罚款”等。日常生活中这样使用没有问题，但在写作时一定要避免使用这种容易产生歧义的多义词。定律之三：简洁直截了当、切中要点是保证文章简洁的最好写作形式。与中文写作相比，英文写作非常强调直奔主题、简单明快的写作风格。例如，在写作一个段落时，常常将概括段落主要内容的主题句(topic sentence)作为段落的首句，以便让读者迅速明确本段要讲述的内容。另外，写作时尽量将每个句子写得简短一些，少用或不用冗长的复合句。切记：短小精练的句子表达的意思才强而有力。【例题精讲】以My Dream Room 为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。提示：1） 房间的位置、大小、颜色、物品；2） 在房间可以做的事；3） 可以请朋友来房间玩。My Dream Room_答案： My dream room is not too big but it is nice. It has a window and the sunshine can be through the window. The wall is blue and you will feel warm in it. It has a big bed and a desk. I can do my homework and play computer games in it. I want to show my friends my bedroom. They must like it too.任务型阅读【知识梳理】任务型阅读概述任务型阅读是在遵循新课程标准的基础上，根据任务型教学的任务设计而形成的一种新题型，这种题型旨在考查学生综合运用语言的能力，即捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。该题型任务可分为阅读文章和表格填空两个部分。要求考生根据所读短文，对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，而后准确有序地完成表格的空缺。此类阅读话题广泛，体裁多样，内容贴近生活，富有气息。表格项目，基本上根据文章结构和作者思路设计，一般包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。当然把握命题人设空规律显得很重要。这种试题能够有效测试考生运用语言的能力，符合目前英语教学改革的方向。批注：任课老师课堂期间必须让学生全面了解任务型阅读的综合信息，如考查的能力、需要学生具备的基本知识与技能，让学生们对号入座，找出自己的问题与差距，并制定改进方案，配合教学，达到预期的教学效果。一、解题步骤1.明确任务 明确任务的第一步就是阅读表格，搞清楚表格的结构和逻辑关系即迅速阅读表格，预测所缺单词。通过分析表格的项目内容和结构特征，从而揣测命题的目的和意图，准确把握信息范围及对文章的理解方向。要特别关注文章的标题栏及表格前的小标题，这样有助于理解短文的大意。明确任务后，带着任务与推测，阅读原文。2.匹配对应，紧扣原文 快速浏览全文，把握短文大意，再读文章内容，找准细节定位。任务型阅读要求考生解读语篇，掌握文章的框架结构和段落大意，又要求考生对具体的事实细节进行查找和定位、理解和转换。因此，在阅读文章时，考生应适时恰当地运用多种阅读技巧，对文章进行全面的理解，以便在原文中准确找出问题题干所包括的信息或线索，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。最后，可以概括为略读文段首尾句、带图表中任务细读、在文段中做标记定位、对比文段中标记处和图表中对应任务来准确解题。3.对应填表 填表，抓住有效对应信息，准确填好表格。任务型阅读考查学生通过快速阅读捕捉信息的能力，又要求对文中信息进行理解转换，并进行适当的逻辑推理和归纳总结，在填表时，力争返回原文，找出与题目有关的内容，抓住关键词汇，填好所缺单词。 4.复核检查 任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写，前后缀等；填好表格后，再次校对所填单词拼写是否正确，是否符合文章内容。认真检查：完成任务后要重新审视材料，检查所做的答案是否复合要求，同时语言要精练准确。批注：任务性阅读解题基本步骤是刚性要求，每个学生必须要掌握，尤其是阅读表格的技巧，任课老师要根据学生的知识水平及认知特点，进行有针对性的讲解，任务性阅读答题的正确与否，与表格研读的基本功有很大关系，因此这是该步骤中的教学重点。二、解题技巧 1. 信息查找题，直接获取答案解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。【例题精讲】原文：Australians Australians are merry（愉快的）people who spend a lot of time outdoors. They laugh a lot but sometimes people think they are loud and rude（粗鲁的）.题目：AustraliansLike to stay outdoors, enjoy a slower life._ a lot.Merry, sometimes loud and rude.答案：Laugh2. 信息转换题，间接获取答案 信息转换，间接获取答案类型的题目，在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终答案，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确答案。常见的转换方式有：A. 词性转换名词、动词、形容词、副词等间的转化常见的词性转换为：(1)名词变为形容词：加y:直接加y: health-healthy; rain-rainy; luck-lucky双写为字母加y: sun-sunny; fog-foggy去e加y: noise-noisy加ly:friend-friendly; love-lovely加ful或者less:care-careful/ areless; use-useful; useless; hope-hopeful/hopeless; wonder-wonderful(2)形容词变为副词：直接加ly: careful-carefully; beautiful-beautifully; bad-badly; excited-excitedly以y结尾将y变为ily: angry-angrily; heavy-heavily; happy-happily以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable-comfortably(舒适地); gentle-gently(绅士地)去e加ly: true-truly(真正地)(3)动词变为名词：加er/ or :sing-singer; dance-dancer; visit-visitor; act-actor(男演员)加ment:agree-agreement(同意); treat-treatment(治疗)加ion:collect-collection(收集); act-action(行动)批注：词性转换主要集中在8年级上册学习，这里的讲解稍微简单一些。【例题精讲】原文：French French people are often seen as romantic（浪漫的）and outgoing（开朗的）. They are people with a great love for life, food and wine. They are good at singing and dancing.题目：FrenchRomantic and outgoingLove life, food and wineGood singers and _答案：dancersB. 词汇转换词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换。(1)常见的反义词：cheap-expensive; long-short; same-different; hot-cold; happy-sad; fast-slow; easy-difficult/ hard;strong-weak; hardworking-lazy; clever-silly; remember-forget(2)常见的同义词：difficult=hard; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; hope= wish; more than=over(超过)【例题精讲】原文：Change your light bulbs(灯泡). Use energy-saving light bulbs. And dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave a room and turn off your television and computer when they are not in use!题目：Use energy-saving light bulbs and to turn off the lights and your television or computer when you dont need them.答案：rememberC. 句子结构转换语法匹配（to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换）、连词、介词的运用、固定句型等都属于句子结构转换的内容。【例题精讲】原文：Chinese Chinese are friendly people who are hard-working. They are polite because they dont want to “lose face” when dealing with other people（和别人打交道）.题目：ChineseFriendly, hard-working and politeAfraid of _ face before others答案：losingD. 信息解释转换 对原文中的某句话在保持意思不变的前提下，变换一种说法。这种变换有一定的难度，要求吃透原句意思，然后进行转换或解释。【例题精讲】原文：The best time in a dayThousands of people visit the Great Wall every day. Its the rush hours to visit between 10:00a.m. and 3:00p.m. Its not easy to go to the Great Wall at that time, so you can go there early in the morning or late in the afternoon.题目：The rush hours to visit it_10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. 答案：From3. 信息归纳题，综合概括获答案根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。常见概括性词汇有以下几类：原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果/结论： result(s)目的：purpose/ aim/ goal建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题: problem/trouble方式方法：how/ method(s) / way(s) /solution(s)总结：conclusion 好处/坏处： advantage/ disadvantage相似点/不同处： similarity/ difference主题：topic(s)种类：type(s) / kind(s) 重要性/意义： importance(s) 批注：上述内容任课老师根据学生的程度要求理解、掌握或背诵。优秀的学生可以全部会背，熟记于心，以备考试之需。【例题精讲】原文：Hiking(徒步旅行）is a fun way to get some fresh air and exercise. Here is some information to read. 题目：_to hike safely答案：How【巩固练习】Most of the time life is pretty good and we all seem to be happy. But lets face it: sometimes we can feel sad and be in a bad mood(心情). We shouldnt feel bad about feeling bad though. It happens to everyone and for all different kinds of reasons. Although it is okay to feel sad, it is important to know what we can do to make ourselves feel better so we stay healthy.People can feel sad for many different reasons. Sometimes we feel sad because we have a fight(争执) with a friend or a family member. Or perhaps we dont do well on an exam. But sometimes we can feel sad and we dont even know why. Whatever your reason for feeling sad, there are things we can do to help us feel better.Is there a special activity that you really enjoy? Maybe you really like to play football or ride your bicycle with friends. Or maybe you just like to spend time alone and listen to music. Do something that you enjoy. But then again doing something might not always be the best way to make yourself feel better. When feeling sad, talk with a good friend to help you.Talking with friends doesnt always work for everyone. Sometimes it just takes time to bring someone out of a low mood. But if you find that you are sad for a long time, you should talk to one of your parents.Lots of people in our lives can help us if were feeling sad. Dont be afraid to ask for help. Remember that youre not alone. Our friends and families understand if were feeling low and are always willing to help us out in any way they can. Just remember to think positively and know that you can overcome（战胜）your bad mood!How to overcome your bad moodWhy we feel sad(1)_ a fight with others.Dont do (2)_ on an exam.Find (3)_reason(理由).(4)_ we can doPlay football or ride your bicycle with friends.Spend time on your (5)_ and listen to music.Talk to one friend or one of your parents. 答案：1.Have 2. well 3. no 4. What 5. own首字母填空【知识梳理】首字母填空概述首字母填空是初中考试中常考的题型之一，也是近几年各省、市中考题经常采用的题型之一，这种题难度相对较大，考生失分现象严重。首字母填空属于能力测试的范畴，它能全面考查学生的英语水平。这类测试要求学生不仅要具备一定的词汇量、句型和语法等方面的知识，还要求学生有一定的阅读能力，能灵活运用所掌握的语言知识去分析语篇。一、解题步骤1.通读全文，掌握大意每篇短文必然是有逻辑性的，短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文是必要的，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。反之，只在一点、一处做文章的话，会导致断章取义。但我们要注意通读全文只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过，切忌逐字逐句的反复细读。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。2. 认真分析，巧填单词我们在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在填词时一定要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。我们在有困难的填空中，可以尝试口头翻译句子的意思，把它前后的句子的意思联系一起，而且翻译的时候尽量是有声的，我们尽量通过不同的途径来刺激大脑的运转。3.细心检查，避免疏漏完成填空以后最关键的一点是要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或是疏漏的地方。像因为因为语法没有注意而缺了一个“ ”少了“s”，或者忘了加“-ed”，是很可惜的。细心检查，反复回读，就能减少疏漏，提高做题的正确率。二、解题技巧 （1）依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词1. W           his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. 解析：从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”, 能够联想到固定搭配：with his help。答案：With2. Its Sunday tomorrow. We are going to watch a football match. Its b_ a Japanese team and a Chinese team. The football match is going to be at four oclock in the afternoon. Our teachers Mr. Li and Mr. Wang are going to watch the football match with us. We are going there by bike. We think we can come back at about six in the evening.解析：从句意我们知道, 星期天下午，我们会进行一场足球赛。足球赛是在日本队和中国队之间进行的，可以想到固定搭配：between and。答案：and3. All the family are h_ a good time. 解析：根据上下文知道此处想表达所有的家人都玩得很开心，可以联想到固定的搭配：have fun或者have a good time；但是要注意时态，要记住be动词后接动词ing就可以。答案：having（2）依据语法知识进行填词1. It was a l            earlier. 解析：首先判断此处空的词性，earlier为early的比较级，形容词，而在形容词前的只会是修饰比较级的词，常见的为much和a little两个，由此可以肯定答案。答案：little2. Sunday is always a holiday. Its the f_ day of the week.解析：首先在名词前可以是形容词，数词，和名词本身，根据上一句，可以知道周末是一周的第一天，所以由the想到是用数词的序数词。答案：first（3）依据常识的积累进行填词1. But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S          .” 解析：Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S  ”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry。答案：sorry2. There are s_ days in a week. They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, W_, T_, Friday, and Saturday.解析：一眼可以看出此段子在叙述与星期有关的内容；根据常识我们知道：一周有七天，从周日到周六；由此知道前三个空的答案。答案:seven； Wednesday； Thursday（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词1. One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friends house happily. He wanted to p          his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 解析:根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick。答案:pick（5）依据上下文和文章主题进行填词1. There is a p_ near our school. We can see many trees and flowers there. Some flowers are red, and some are yellow. We can see a hill behind the park, too. At the foot of the hill we can see a r_. There are some boats on it. Children like to go there. It is Monday today. There are many young Pioneers in the park. 解析:此题和平时训练的首字母填空方式不是很一致，第四个单词就设空，答案肯定在下文中能够找到；直接看到本段的最后一句，许多少先队员在公园里，由此可见，第一个空为park；第二个空，从后一句there are some boats on it，代词的用法是前文已经出现了一个名词，下文再出现时，可以用代词，而船只可能在河上，可以推断第二个空为river。答案:park; river2. In class the teacher asks a question, “Do you often make others happy?” “Yes!” one boy answered loudly. “How nice, Sandy!” said the teacher who is very glad. “And Sandy, would you like to tell us that happy thing?” “All right. Every Sunday I go to my grandmothers house. I often play with my grandmother for three hours. And when I say, “Granny, Im going home now.” she often says, “Well, I am so g_.”解析:从老师问的问题知道此段的主题是：你是否做了什么事情让周围的人开心。而这个男孩通过两句话的描述，一定是能够得出这个结论，而最后的空是g开头，由此可以想到是happy的同义词。答案:glad【例题精讲】Albert Einstein is one of the greatest scientists who ever lived. But he couldnt find his way home when he went for a w _1_. He often forgot things. He had other things to think about. Science was m_2_important to him than any other thing in life. Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. When he was a child, he learned things very s   3   . Albert didnt speak u_4_he was three years old. His parents were w_5_about him. When he was 12, Albert began r _6_math and science books. He was excited about the t _7_he learned in those books. He became more and more interested in math and physics. He wanted to find the a _8_to the  questions about the universe. When he told people about his ideas, other scientists l  9 at him at first. But his ideas changed the world, scientists looked at the universe in a n_10_way. Because of him, we have such things as computers, televisions, and space travel today.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1. walk    2. more    3. slowly    4. until    5. worried  6. reading    7. things    8. answers    9. laughed    10. new【巩固练习】There are s_1_ days in a week. They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, W_2_, T_3_, Friday, and Saturday. Most children go to school from Monday to Friday. Most people dont w_4_ on Saturday or Sunday and most shops are closed in England on Saturday afternoon and Sunday. But in China, shops are o_5_ every day. Sunday is always a h_6_. Its the f_7_ day of the week. Some people go to church on that day. The time between Friday evening a_8_ Monday morning is the w_9_. It is the time for r_10_. We cant work all the time. We have to rest from time to time.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1. seven 2. Wednesday 3. Thursday 4. work 5. open6. holiday 7. first 8. and 9. weekend 10. rest【巩固练习】（此部