专题21.Unit3词汇与语法（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

Unit3词汇与语法一重点单词 13 / 13学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司1awkward adj. 2sight n 3medium n 4frank adj. 5horrible adj. 6case n 7trick vt. 8ignore vt. 9misunderstand vt.& vi. 10contact vt.& n 11explode vi. 12generous adj. 13shallow adj. 14blog n 15theme n 16opinion n 17quality n 18measure vt. 19seek vi. 20escape vi.& vt. 21joy n 二词汇拓展1original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的 n起源 adv.最初2recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制 n恢复3respond vi.& vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应 n回答；响应4judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n法官；裁判员 n判断5apologize vi.道歉，谢罪 n道歉6behaviour n行为，举止，态度 vi.举止7suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受 n痛苦，苦难8basis n基础；原因；基准 vt.根据；以为基础 adj.基本的9respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n尊敬，敬意；重视 adj.表示敬意的 adj.体面的；值得尊敬的10efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的 n效率；效能11reflection n沉思；反射；映像；反映 vi.反思；反射12comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n舒服；安慰 adj.舒服的13benefit n优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于 adj.有益的14failure n失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障 vi.失败15recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出 n认出；认可；承认16death n死，死亡；死亡状态 adj.死的 vi.死亡17admire vt.钦佩；欣赏 adj.令人敬佩的 n钦佩；欣赏三知识拓展知识点01 Whether were walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，were hardly out of each others sight.sight n视野；视力；看见 out of (ones) sight脱离(某人的)视线in sight看得见lose sight of看不见catch sight of看见come into sight进入视野at first sight乍一看at the sight of.一看见单句语法填空/完成句子After we walked for a long time，a village was sight finally.The children jumped with joy the sight of their Christmas gifts.The moment we reached the small island，amazing natural scenery .Half an hour later，we the land.我们刚一登上小岛，令人惊叹的自然风光便映入眼帘。 半个小时后，我们看不见陆地了。知识点2 Dont be so quick to judge your friend.judge vt.& vi.评价；(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n法官；裁判员(1)judge.by/from.根据判断as far as I can judge据我判断judging by/from.从来判断(2)judg(e)ment n判断力；意见，看法in ones judg(e)ment在某人看来单句语法填空/单句写作Your speech was heard by a group of five (judge) (judge) from what he did，he must be an honest man. .我们不应该以貌取人。知识点3 Perhaps she knows shes in the wrong and wants to apologize，or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n道歉make an apology to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉owe sb.an apologyowe an apology to sb.应向某人道歉单句语法填空/一句多译The boy wrote a letter to his neighbour and apologized for playing the piano loudly at night.她应该为她的不得体行为向她的朋友道歉。She should for her bad behaviour.(apologize)She should for her bad behaviour.(apology)知识点4 In any case，find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in that/this case在那种/这种情况下in case (of) 万一，以防in no case决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)as is often the case这是常有的事用与case有关的短语填空/句式升级The doctor gave his phone number to the patients they needed his help.There is no simple answer， in science.You should in no case miss the opportunity to go to university for further study. miss the opportunity to go to university for further study.(用部分倒装升级)知识点5 However，if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer，its time to rethink your relationship.suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受(1)suffer from遭受；忍受；患病suffer后常跟pain/stress/losses/hardship/defeat等名词作宾语。(2)suffering n痛苦；苦难(常用pl.)(3)sufferer n患病者；受难者单句语法填空/完成句子Sadly，my grandpa suffered heart attack.All the neighbours help brought an end to the (suffer) of the family.If a neighbor (suffer) an illness，we should offer to do the grocery shopping.The fact is that .事实是，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。知识点6.Whether were walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，were hardly out of each others sight.whether.or. 意为“无论还是”，引导让步状语从句。whether还可以引导名词性从句，译为“是否”。whether常和or或or not连用，whether.or not意为“是否”单句语法填空/完成句子Whether you like it not，youll have to pay for it.You should praise his effort regardless of he succeeds or fails. ，you should keep the campus clean.无论你是学生还是老师，都应该保持校园清洁。知识点7.When I called her，she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema.make it 能够出席(或到场)；准时到达；获得成功；渡过难关一词多义/完成句子The flight leaves in twenty minuteswell never make it. He didnt make it to another summer and died that winter. I thought Grandpa was too old to climb onto the top of the hill，but he made it. You will if you dont lose heart and keep on trying.如果你不灰心，继续努力，你会成功的。知识点8 Instead of recovering at home，she was out having fun with someone else.recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制(1)recover from从中恢复过来recover oneself恢复健康；清醒过来(2)recovery n恢复；复苏；痊愈Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident，he finally it.尽管他在车祸中受了重伤，但最后他康复了。After recovering his illness，he was advised to eat more vegetables and less meat.病愈后，他被建议多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。I got a bad cold but I recovered (I) a week later.我得了重感冒，但一周后我就康复了。To his mothers relief，the boy made a full (recover) after the operation.令他母亲欣慰的是，男孩在手术后完全康复。知识点9. Perhaps she knows shes in the wrong and wants to apologize，or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.behaviour n行为，举止；态度behave v.举动；(举止或行为)表现behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩The waiter apologized for his bad towards the customers.这个服务员为他对顾客的不得体行为而道歉。I want you two to behave (you) while Im away.我要你们两个在我不在的时候好好表现。She is very satisfied with her sons good (behave)她对儿子的良好表现非常满意。知识点10 A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.count on 依赖，依靠，指望(1)count v数数；重要；看作；认为 n数量；计数(2)count on/upon(rely/depend on/upon)依靠，依赖count on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事count on it that.指望(其中it 为形式宾语，that 从句为真正的宾语)一词多义/完成句子The woman is counting the coins on the table. I count him as one of my best friends. Hurry up！Every minute now counts. You may the work will be finished ahead of time.你可以指望这项工作将提前完成。知识点11.Ill always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops.measure vt.估量，判定；测量 n措施；衡量 (1)measure.by.用衡量be measured by/in.用来计算/衡量(2)take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事make.to ones measure根据某人的尺寸做注意：measure表示“测量长、高或宽时”是连系动词，无被动语态。单句语法填空/完成句子Measures should be taken (forbid) killing and eating wild animals.My mother made me a pair of trousers my own measure.The pond (measure) about 2 metres across.The government the shortage of food.政府已采取了一些措施来解决粮食短缺问题。知识点12. However，when we seek to be alone，we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n逃离，逃脱(1)escape from从逃脱/逃跑escapen./doing sth.逃避(做)某事sth.escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘(2)a narrow escape九死一生单句语法填空/完成句子That was narrow escape all right when our car turned over!Fortunately，he escaped the burning house without being injured.Yesterday，I came across my former classmate，but .昨天，我遇到了我以前的同学，但是我想不起来他的名字了。知识点13.As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.benefit n优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于(1)be of benefit to.对有益的for the benefit of.为了的利益(2)benefit from.从中受益benefit sb.使某人获益(3)beneficial adj.有益的be beneficial to.对有益单句语法填空/句型转换It is said that the company has benefited a lot the new policy.Learning a foreign language is great benefit to us students.It is known to us that cycling is very beneficial to human health.It is known to us that cycling human health.The new teachers teaching methods will benefit many students.Many students will the new teachers teaching methods.知识点14 We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own.recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出(1)recognize ones voice辨别出某人的声音recognize sb./sth.as/to be.认为某人/某物是It is recognized that.人们公认(2)recognition n承认；认出beyond recognition认不出来单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作After 25 years，the town centre had changed beyond (recognize)The moment I answered the phone， .我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。 这部电影被认为是一部很成功的电影。知识点15 Here，friendship has a double advantagehappiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved！take on 呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；雇用take away拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)take over接收，接管，取代take in吸收；理解；欺骗take up从事；占据；继续用take短语完成句子I know how busy you must be and I wont much of your time.After the heavy rain，the old village a new look.He has to the company when his father retires.知识点16 We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own.it 作形式宾语(1)句中it作find 的形式宾语，不定式短语 to recognize other peoples weaknesses作真正的宾语，形容词easier作宾补。(2)句型基本结构是：主语谓语it 作形式宾语宾语补足语真正的宾语。(3)常用于以上结构的动词有make，feel，think，find，consider等。(4)宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词，真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。单句语法填空/完成句子The heavy rain makes it impossible for me (reach) my office on time.He thinks it of great importance he should make efforts to improve his English.The boy his hobbies and his schoolwork.这个男孩发现很难平衡他的爱好和他的功课。I foreigners in English.我发现用英语和外国人交谈很有趣。知识点17 I must respect and support the choices he makes.respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n尊敬，敬意；重视(1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人(2)have/show respect for sb.尊敬某人give/send ones respects to sb.向某人表达敬意；问候某人(3)respectable adj.可敬的，体面的The person I most is my mother.我最尊敬的人是我的母亲。Please send my (respect) to your parents.请向你的父母致以我的敬意。There are many (respect) people around us.我们周围有许多值得尊敬的人。知识点18 However，when we seek to be alone，we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.seek(sought，sought) vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找seek to do sth.试图做某事；努力做某事seek for/after找寻；寻求All of us are happiness while few of us know what is happiness.我们都在寻求幸福，而我们中很少有人知道什么是幸福。I sought (persuade) my father to stop smoking，but failed.我试图说服我父亲戒烟，但失败了。知识点19 The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy，sadness，success and failure.failure n失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障(1)a failure一个失败的人；一件失败的事(2)fail to do sth.没能做某事，未能成功fail (in sth.)失败，没有通过As is known to all， is the mother of success.众所周知，失败是成功之母。The man has achieved great success in his career，but as a father，he is failure.这个人在事业上取得了很大的成功，但作为一个父亲，他是一个失败者。Unfortunately，he failed (pass) the entrance examination.不幸的是，他未能通过入学考试。I failed my attempt to persuade her.我未能说服她。知识点20 They admired each other and quickly became friends.admire vt.钦佩；欣赏(1)admire.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而钦佩、羡慕(2)admirable adj.可钦佩的；值得赞赏的(3)admiration n钦佩；赞赏；羡慕in/with admiration钦佩地The teacher is respected and for his new teaching methods and achievements.这位老师因其新的教学方法和取得的成就而受到尊重和钦佩。Her devotion to her work is (admire)她对工作的献身精神令人钦佩。Id like to express my (admire) for the bravery of the firefighters.我想表达我对英勇的消防员们的钦佩。随堂练习一.单词拼写1The we reached the farm，red apples and yellow pears came into our view.2This unique teaching method will (有益于) a large number of students.3The policemen were struggling to search for the thief who had from the prison.4You may be a success in your job，but as a father you are a .5Though I hadnt seen Mary for years，I her immediately I met her.6The old man was so that he donated all his savings to the charity.7I sent my application form to the (公司)，but I didnt get any response.8I my English teacher most for his patience and kindness to us.二.单句语法填空1Hurry up and we can make to the airport in time.2Luckily，my father soon recovered the operation.3We desire for a house which is (comfort) and warm.4There was nobody sight when the man came round the corner.5Cheer up，sometimes failure is (benefit) to our growth.6Most of us admire the great scientist what he has done for our country.7The government has taken (measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods.8Great changes have taken place so much in my hometown that it is beyond my (recognize)语法一、定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被从句所修饰的词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why。二、关系代词的基本用法1who的用法示例：The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。归纳：who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。2whom的用法示例：Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。归纳：whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。3which的用法示例：The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一台能飞的机器。The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。归纳：which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。4that的用法示例：The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year.每年来参观这个城市的人数达到一百万。归纳：that既指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。5whose的用法示例：He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国闻名的科学家。归纳：whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。三、疑难点津1宜用that不宜用which的情况当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just