专题23.Unit4词汇与语法（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

Unit4词汇与语法一重点词汇 14 / 14学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司1skip vt.不做(应做的事情等)；跳过 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过2yogurt n酸奶3concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注4slim vi.变苗条，减肥 adj.苗条的；微薄的，小的5per cent n百分之6prove linking v后来被发现是 vt.证明，证实 7diet n节食；日常饮食 vi.节食，进行规定饮食8nutrition n营养9function vi.起作用，正常工作，运转 n作用，功能，职能10memory n记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆11rather adv.相反，而是；相当；更准确地说12aspect n方面，层面13attack n发作；攻击；抨击 vt.& vi.攻击；侵袭；抨击14amount n数量15schedule n日程安排，工作计划；时间表16plastic adj.可塑的；塑料的 n塑料17surgery n外科手术18campus n(大学、学院的)校园，校区19guy n小伙子，家伙20saying n格言，谚语，警句21shadow n阴影，影子；昏暗处，阴暗处22digital adj.数码的，数字的23series n一系列，连续24external adj.外来的，外在的；外面的，外部的25content n内容；目录二词汇拓展1immediately adv.立即，马上 conj.一就immediate adj.立刻的，马上的2extreme adj.极端的；严重的 n极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)extremely adv.极端地3effect n效果，作用；影响effective adj.有效的；生效的4energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的energy n精力5frightened adj.害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的frighten vt.使恐惧frightening adj.令人恐惧的6pressure n心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促press vt.& vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n报章杂志，报刊7contribute vi.& vt.是的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加contribution n贡献8treatment n治疗；对待，待遇；处理treat vt.治疗；对待9addition n增加，添加；加法add v增加10beauty n美，美丽；美人，美好的东西beautiful adj.美丽的11fashion n时尚，时兴；流行款式fashionable adj.时尚的，流行的12strength n优势；力气，力量；实力strengthen v巩固，加强strong adj.强壮的13talent n天资，天赋；人才，天才talented adj.有才能的14achievement n成就，成绩；达到，完成achieve v完成，达到三知识解析知识点01 She told me she had trouble concentrating in class.concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.集中；全神贯注于(做)某事concentrate ones mind/attention/energy on.将心思/注意力/精力集中于(2)concentration n集中精力；专心；关注；重视注意：表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：focus ones mind/attention on；put ones heart into 等。单句语法填空/一句多译Instead of just concentrating the side effects of the drug，we should notice its functions.He concentrated his energy on (study) the history of Loulan.爸爸希望我能集中注意力于我所学的东西上。My father hopes that I can .(concentrate)My father hopes that I can .(focus)My father hopes that I can .(put ones heart into)【答案】1.on 2.studying3.concentrate my attention on what Im studying，focus my attention on what Im studyingput my heart into what Im studying知识点2 They are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly.effect n效果，作用；影响(1)side effect副作用have an effect on/upon.对产生影响bring/put/carry.into effect使实施/生效come into effect生效；开始实施take effect生效，开始实施；开始起作用，见效(2)effective adj.有效的；生效的单句语法填空/完成句子One of the most (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.As far as Im concerned，punishment had very little effect him.The Drink Driving Law from May 1,2011.酒驾法律自2011年5月1日开始生效。 according to the doctor.医生说这种药很快就会见效。【答案】1.effective2.on/upon3. came into/took effect4.The medicine will soon come into/take effect知识点3 These so-called quick-fix methods prove to be harmful to teenagers.prove linking v证明是；被发现是 vt.证明，证实(1)prove (to be)n./adj.被证明是，结果是prove sb./sth.to be.证明某人/某物是It is proved that.据证实(2)proof n证明，证据单句语法填空/完成句子Perhaps this book will prove (be) of some use to you in your studies. the new medicine has side effects.据证实这种新药有副作用。The advice you gave us .你给我们的建议证明是很有价值的。【答案】1. to be2.It is proved that3. proved to be of great value知识点4 I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital last Thursday.frightened adj.害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的(1)be frightened of/at/that.害怕be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事(2) frighten vt.使害怕；使恐惧frighten sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事frighten sb.out of doing sth.恐吓某人使其不敢做某事(3)frightening adj.令人害怕的，吓人的单句语法填空/完成句子All the stone figures in the temple looked so (frighten)The man frightened the little boy following him.It is proved that many people snakes.据证实很多人害怕蛇。 signing the paper.他们恐吓那位老太太在文件上签字。【答案】1.frightening2.into 3.are frightened of/at4.They frightened the old lady into知识点5 It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.Itisadj.for/of sb.to do sth. 句中It是形式主语，动词不定式 to be slightly overweight 是真正的主语。(1)It isadj.for sb.to do sth.句型中，形容词说明不定式所表示的行为的性质或特点。能用于该结构的形容词有：difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary，possible 等。(2)在It isadj.of sb.to do sth.句型中，形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格和性质等。能用于该结构的形容词有：nice，good，stupid，silly，careless等。完成句子It was very kind in person.你亲自来帮我真是太好了。 a farewell speech here on behalf of the students of our school.我非常荣幸在这里代表我们学校的学生发表告别演说。Sometimes their own choices.有时候，孩子们自己做出选择是必要的。【答案】1.of you to come to help me 2.It is a great honour for me to deliver3.it is necessary for children to make知识点6.Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately.immediately adv.立即，马上 conj.一就(1)immediate adj.立即的；即时的；急迫的(2)表示“一就”的其他方式还有：instantly，directly，as soon as，no sooner than等。Even though I hadnt seen my classmate for many years，I recognized him .尽管我已经很多年没见过我的同学了，但我立刻认出了他。 ，the students rushed out.铃一响，学生们就冲了出去。Instead of ，our teacher encourages us to think by ourselves.我们老师不是立即给我们答案，而是鼓励我们自己思考。【答案】1.immediately2.Immediately the bell rang3.giving us answers immediately知识点7. We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips，because living well is the safest and most effective way to get into shape.get into shape 强身健体(1)shape.into.把塑造成； 使成为形状be shaped like.形状像(2)in shape在形状上；健康状况良好in the shape of以的形状out of shape变形；身体不健康The children enjoy the snow figures of different people and animals.孩子们喜欢把雪捏成不同的人和动物的形状。Look！The front part of the car is now totally due to the crash.瞧！由于撞车，汽车前面现在完全变形了。Some yogurt boxes were fruits.一些酸奶盒子是水果形状的。【答案】1.shaping ，into 2.out of shape3.in the shape of知识点8 Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that/which we get is important to us.amount n数量(1)a large amount oflarge amounts of大量的in large amounts大量地(2)amount to 共计；等于注意：a large amount of不可数名词谓语动词单数形式；large amounts of不可数名词谓语动词复数形式。单句语法填空/完成句子A large amount of water (waste) every day.Large amounts of soil (wash) away every year.Their annual income amounted 10,000 yuan last year. advertisements every year.每年都有大量的钱花在广告上。【答案】1.is wasted2.are washed3.to 4.Large amounts of money are spent on知识点9 Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too.schedule n日程安排，工作计划；时间表 vt.为安排时间；预定(1)on schedule准时；按时间表ahead of schedule提前(2)be scheduled for预定；安排在be scheduled to do.预定做单句语法填空/完成句子It is required that all of us be present at the meeting schedule.It is said that the meeting (schedule) at three oclock this afternoon.As long as you concentrate on your task，you can finish it on schedule or even ahead schedule.The debate whose topic is whether students should be volunteers on April 15.这场话题为学生是否应该做志愿者的辩论定于4月15日举行。【答案】1.on 2.is scheduled3.of 4.is scheduled to take place知识点10. Mr Wilson is very happy with the treatment.treatment n治疗；对待，待遇；处理(1)under treatment在治疗中(2)treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n款待；招待treat.as/like.把当作；以态度/方式看待/对待treat sb.to sth.用某物款待某人treat sb.for.治疗某人的病treat sth.seriously认真对待某事/某物单句语法填空/完成句子Male and female must (treat) equally in education and employment.The player is under good (treat) and he will recover from his injury in time for the next game.He is an extremely devoted physician，who treats his work (serious)Treat others in the way .己所不欲，勿施于人。【答案】1.be treated2.treatment3.seriously4. (that/in which) you want to be treated知识点11 They will only end up feeling worse about themselves.end up 最终成为，最终处于end up with.以而结束(常接表具体事物的名词)end up in.以结束(常接表抽象概念的名词)end up as.最终成为end up doing sth.最后/最终做某事单句语法填空He started as an employee and ended up head of the company.The conference ended up (sign) no agreement.If you take the time and effort to do this，youll end up more friends.【答案】1.as 2.signing3.with 知识点12.Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.strength n力气，力量；实力；优势(1)strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点build up ones strength强身健体(2)strengthen vt.加强；巩固(3)strong adj.强壮的单句语法填空/完成句子One idea is that sleep helps us (strong) new memories.It is important that we should take into account our (strength) and weaknesses.The of his diet is that it contains plenty of vitamin and fibre.他的饮食的优点是含有大量的维生素和纤维。【答案】1.strengthen2.strengths3.strength 知识点13.However，like a book，your contents are much more important than your cover.content n内容；(pl.)目录；含量；容器所装之物 vt.使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的be content with对满足(满意)be content to do.乐于做content oneself with满足于；使(某人)自己对感到满足一词多义/完成句子My apology seemed to content him. She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor. Both his parents are content to live in the countryside where the air is very fresh. From my point of view，you can not such a small success.在我看来，你不能满足于这样的小成就。With so much related experience，I am convinced that .有这么多相关的经验，我相信你一定会对我感到满意的。【答案】1.vt.使满意2.n.所含之物3.adj.满意的，满足的4.content yourself with5.you will be content with me知识点14 Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance.the way 后的定语从句(1)本句中含有先行词为the way的定语从句，the way(关系词)在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in which或that引导，也可省略关系词。(2)当先行词是way(意为“方式，方法”)时，引导定语从句的关系词的情况：当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which 引导从句，作宾语时可省略关系词；当关系词在从句中作状语时，用 that/in which 引导从句或省略关系词。单句语法填空/完成句子WeChat has changed the way we made friends.The way he told us was quite simple to work out the problem.I dont like the way .我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。【答案】1.that/不填2.that/which/不填3.(that/in which) you speak to your mother知识点15. This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance.what 引导宾语从句(1)what在此处引导的是宾语从句(作介词on的宾语)，what在从句中作宾语。(2)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可充当主语、表语或宾语。可以译成多种意思：的东西或事情；的人或的样子；的数量或数目；的时间；的地方等。注意：that 引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中不作成分。引导宾语从句时可以省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不能省略。单句语法填空/完成句子She is talking about she experienced in Hubei last year.I truly believe beauty comes from within.We should never pretend to know .我们决不应该假装知道我们不知道的事情。We wonder .我们想知道是什么使得她那么生她丈夫的气。【答案】1.what 2.that 3. what we dont know4.what has made her so angry with her husband知识点16 Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies.show off 炫耀，卖弄；显示，展示show.around/round带领参观show up出现；露面；如约赶到show.in领进去show.out领出来Most people like their wealth.大多数人喜欢炫富。You are coming to our city this weekend.I will be glad to show you then.这个周末你要来我们城市。 到那时我很乐意带你参观。A girl came out of the building and showed me .一个女孩从楼里出来，把我领了进去。Its eight oclock，but they havent showed .八点钟了，但是他们还没到。【答案】1.showing off2. around/round3.in4.up知识点17.Everyone has their own talents.talent n天赋，天资；人才，天才(1)have a talent for.有的天赋a talent show才艺大赛(2)talented adj.有才能的be talented at/in.在方面有才能All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，saying that I football.操场上所有的足球运动员都大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。It is well-known that Beethoven is a (talent) musician.众所周知，贝多芬是一位才华横溢的音乐家。她为自己的儿子有音乐天赋而感到自豪。She is proud that her son music.(talented)She is proud that her son music.(talent)【答案】1.had a talent for2.talented3.is talented in/at ，has a talent for随堂练习一.单词拼写1To be honest，I am really against such (极端的) measures.2A good breakfast can definitely keep you the whole day.3It is the driver， than the passengers，that is to blame for it.4I know studying is important，but my parents put too much on me.5The popular TV (系列节目) gave us much joy and surprise.6John on his studies though there were much noise outside.7Despite the heavy rain，the school bus arrived on .【答案】1.extreme2.energetic 3.rather 4.pressure 5.series6.concentrated 7.schedule二.单句语法填空1His parents took pride the achievements he had made.2The prisoner who escaped from the prison ended being caught again.3Later，he found the measures more (effect) than before.4At last she got a chance to show her talent before a real audience.5The best (treat) for a cold is to rest and drink a lot of water.6We all admire the scientist for her (contribute) to our country.【答案】1.in 2.up 3.effective4.off 5.treatment6.contributions语法语法精析当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词主要有where，when，why。1关系副词wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。常用in which，at which，on which等代替。They are playing in the park where(in which) there are many flowers.他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。The office where(at which) the girl works is not far from here.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。疑难点津有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺状语，需用where引导。You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心想完成它。We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with violence.我们到了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。2关系副词whenwhen引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。常用on which，in which，at which，during which等代替。There used to be a time when(during which) I hated going to school.我有一段时间不愿意去上学。Ill never forget the day when(on which) I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。3关系副词whywhy引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。Can you explain the reason why(for which) you dont help him?你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？疑难点津表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语等时，则应用关系代词。试比较： Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)D