南京市1.6 单元培优练(解析版) -2021-2022学年高一英语课后培优练（译林版2020必修第一册）.doc

单元培优练2021-2022学年高一英语（牛津译林版2020必修第一册Unit1单元检测）学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、 阅读选择A Alice is not afraid to be the center of attentionshe enjoys performing traditional Chinese dances on stage. But the 16-year-old high school student in Texas, US, felt alienated (被疏远的) earlier this year when she walked into her first computer science lecture. There were only 11 girls out of 100 students. It was familiar feeling for Alice. When she was in ninth grade, she was one of only seven girls out of 40 competitors who were competing at a state science fair.After that, Alice decided to do her part to close the gender gap (性别差异) in STEM, which stands for science, technology, engineering and math. She formed a club called Girls in STEM. It focuses on teaching and encouraging girls who are interested in STEM. And only girls can join it.Alice wants girls to know that STEM can be fun. The club isn't just about sitting in a lab and doing homework. There are interesting activities that can spark girls' interest in STEM. Girls can also share learning experiences with each other. The club started with seven girls at her school. Over the years, the club has spread to other schools. It now has 45 members.According to recent surveys, women work in fewer than 30 percent of STEM jobs in the United States. Alice's goal is to bring Girls in STEM to 10 schools in total and turn it into a non-profit in the coming years, hoping it will help more young women follow their dreams in this field.1Why did Alice feel uncomfortable in her computer science lecture?AShe had no friends there.BComputer science was hard.CShe was the only foreigner.DThere were not many girls.2What is the aim of the club Girls in STEM?ATo help students with their studies.BTo get more girls involved in STEM.CTo encourage boys to help girls in science.DTo bridge the gap between students and teachers.3What can be the best title of the text?ATeaching girls to love science BSTEM courses at schoolCHelping girls start a club DThe gender gap in STEM【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了16岁的德克萨斯女孩Alice，她致力于让女生们喜欢STEM（科学(Science)，技术(Technology)，工程(Engineering)，数学(Mathematics)，并组建了Girls in STEM俱乐部缩小在STEM中的性别的差异。1细节理解题。根据第一段中But the 16-year-old high school student in Texas, US, felt alienated (被疏远的) earlier this year when she walked into her first computer science lecture. There were only 11 girls out of 100 students. It was familiar feeling for Alice.当Alice走进电脑科学讲座课堂的时候，感觉被疏远，原因在于女孩子太少-100名学生中只有11个女生，由此可知选项D正确。故选D。2推理判断题。根据第二段中She formed a club called Girls in STEM. It focuses on teaching and encouraging girls who are interested in STEM.一句可知Alice组建了Girls in STEM俱乐部，旨在于教育并鼓励女生对STEM.感兴趣。选项B. To get more girls involved in STEM.“让更多的女生参与到STEM中”正确。故选B。3标题判断题。通览全文可知，文章介绍了16岁的德克萨斯女孩Alice，她致力于让女生们喜欢STEM（科学(Science)，技术(Technology)，工程(Engineering)，数学(Mathematics)，并组建了Girls in STEM俱乐部缩小在STEM中的性别的差异。因此选项A Teaching girls to love science（让女孩们爱上科学）为最佳标题。故选A。BIn the United States, 30 percent of the adult (成年人) population has a “weight problem”. To many people, the case is clear: we eat too much. But scientific evidence（证据）does little to support the idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today. Yet they ate more food. In those days, people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didnt watch TV. Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fat people do not eat more on average (平均) than thinner people. In fact, some investigations (调查), such as a 1990 study of 3,545 London office workers, show that fatter people eat less than slimmer people.Studies show thatslimpeople are more active than fat people. A study by a research group of Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts: The more the men ran, the more fat they lost. The more they ran, the more they ate. Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.4What kind of physical problem do many adult Americans have?AThey are too thin.BThey work too hard.CThey are too fat.DThey lose too much fat.5Which of the following words can take the place of the word “slim” in this passage?ApoorBthinChealthyDrich6Compared with the adult American population today, the Americans of 1910 _.Aate more food and had more activitiesBate less food but had more activitiesCate less food and had less physical activitiesDhad more weight problems7What have modern medical and scientific researches reported to us?AFat people eat less food and are less active.BFat people eat more food than slim people but are less active.CFat people eat more food than slim people but are more active.DThin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake.【分析】本文属科普类阅读。文章介绍了美国人的肥胖问题并分析了原因。4细节理解题。根据第一段提到的In the United States, 30 percent of the adult (成年人) population has a “weight problem”.可知，美国有百分之三十的人有肥胖问题，故选C。5猜测词义题。根据本句Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people.中两类比较对象slim people和 fat people（胖人）可知，slim people是指瘦人。slim 形容词，瘦的，苗条的。故选B。6推理判断题。根据第一段Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today. Yet they ate more food. In those days, people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didnt watch TV.可知，1910年的美国人吃得更多，从事繁重的体力劳动，没有机械工具，也不看电视，选A。7细节理解题。根据第二、第三段的有关描述Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fat people do not eat more on average (平均) than thinner people. In fact, fatter people eat less than slimmer people.和Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people.可知，胖人吃得少，瘦的人比胖人更活跃，故选A。 C When bicycle-sharing company oBike pulled out of Singapore abruptly last year, it left the city with unattended bicycles everywhere. Myanmar businessman Mike Than Tun Win saw the perfect opportunity to turn trash (垃圾) into treasure. “What if these bicycles could be distributed to poor students in villages so they can cycle to school?” he thought.Mr Than, 33, grew up in Mandalay, where he used to walk to school as a student. While traveling through rural (乡村的) areas in Myanmar over the last few years he saw things had not changed. Long lines of children in rural villages continue to walk 30 minutes to an hour just to get to school. “I thought if we could just reduce the time they take, they could spend more time studying, gain more knowledge and increase their chances of getting out of poverty (贫困),” he said.With that, he started a movement called Lesswalk with the intention of buying bicycles from bike-sharing firms oBike and ofo-which have stopped operations in Singapore and shipping them to Yangon. He would renew the bicycles before distributing them to teenagers and families living in rural villages in Myanmar, beginning with villages in Mandalay and Sagaing areas.Over the last three months, the businessman has bought 10,000 bicycles in Singapore and Malaysia. He paid for 5,000 of the bicycles out of his own pocket, with other sponsors paying for the rest.Mr Than plans to modify (修改) the bicycles so that they can better suit the needs of the children in villages, most of the time they ride around with their little brothers and sisters. Im planning to add an extra seat at the back so that they can go to school together,” he said. He also plans to remove the digital locks and give each a new one that works better in villages.Including the cost of shipping, modification and distribution, Mr Than thinks each bicycle might cost him around US $35 to US $40. “I might have to spend more money, but it is better that these bicycles are going to help some people rather than going to waste,” he said.8What's the authors main purpose of writing the first two paragraphs?ATo show Myanmar s hard rural life. BTo explain how to turn trash into treasure.CTo call on more people to follow Mr Than. DTo state the background of starting Lesswalk.9How does Mr Than plan to adapt the bicycles?ABy painting them in a colorful way. BBy adding a bright light to each of them.CBy adding two extra seats to each of them. DBy changing the digital locks into new ones.10What can we infer from Mr Thans words in the last paragraph?AHe has a high opinion of himself. BHe feels regret about what he has done.CHe is a man with strong social responsibility.DHe has decided to keep on working with oBike.11What's the best title for the text?AMore unattended bicycles are attracting big attentionBBicycle-sharing companies are forced to leave SingaporeCRural villages in Myanmar are sponsored out of povertyDBusinessman donates recycled bicycles to poor students【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了33岁的Than先生为了减少学生在路上花费的时间，而发起了一项名为Lesswalk的运动，他自费从自行车共享公司oBike和ofo购买自行车，然后分发给生活在缅甸农村的青少年和家庭。8推理判断题。根据第二段中Long lines of children in rural villages continue to walk 30 minutes to an hour just to get to school. “I thought if we could just reduce the time they take, they could spend more time studying, gain more knowledge and increase their chances of getting out of poverty,” he said.可知，在农村，孩子们仍然排着长队，步行30分钟到一个小时才能到学校。他说：“我想，如果我们能减少他们路上花费的时间，他们就能花更多的时间学习，获得更多的知识，增加摆脱贫困的机会。”以及第三段第一句With that, he started a movement called Lesswalk可知，于是，他发起了一场名为“Lesswalk”的运动。由此可推知，作者写前两段的主要目的是陈述开始Lesswalk运动的背景。故选D。9细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中He also plans to remove the digital locks and give each a new one that works better in villages.可知，他还计划拆除数字锁，并给每个人一个新锁，在农村更好的工作。由此可知，Than先生打算把数字锁换成新的，来改造这些自行车。故选D。10推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I might have to spend more money, but it is better that these bicycles are going to help some people rather than going to waste,” he said.可知他说：“我可能要花更多的钱，但这些自行车最好是帮助一些人，而不是浪费。”由此，我们能从Than先生最后一段的话中推断出，他是一个有强烈社会责任感的人。故选C。11主旨大意题。根据第三段中With that, he started a movement called Lesswalk with the intention of buying bicycles from bike-sharing firms oBike and ofo-which have stopped operations in Singapore-and shipping them to Yangon.可知，于是，他发起了一场名为Lesswalk的运动，打算从自行车共享公司oBike和ofo购买自行车，这两家公司已经停止在新加坡的运营，并将自行车运往仰光。结合文章主要内容为记叙了33岁的Than先生为了减少学生在路上花费的时间，而发起了一项名为Lesswalk的运动，他自费从自行车共享公司oBike和ofo购买自行车，然后分发给生活在缅甸农村的青少年和家庭。故D选项“商人向贫困学生捐赠回收自行车”符合文章标题。故选D。DEnjoy the challenge of a new termThe new term is finally here, which means, of course, it's time to return to school.For many students across China, that also means having to leave home for the next several months and move into a school dormitory.Being away from our family for a long time, however, often leads to homesickness, a feeling that most students have experienced at some point.A study by the UK's National Union of Students found that up to 70 percent of UK students living away from home experience homesickness within their first few weeks of being away.But homesickness isn't just a feeling of sadness that happens in our mind; it can also affect us physically.“You feel homesickness in your stomachit's an unease in which you feel uncomfortable, nervous, stressed because you're in a place or situation that's not familiar,” Joshua Klapow, a professor of public health at the University of Alabama, us, told HuffPost.According to Klapow, the body reacts physically when it's placed in an unknown situation such as being separated from one's familiar surroundings for a long time.“It's an evolutionary(进化的) thing that makes us protect ourselves from danger when something is unknown," he told the HuffPost.“When we think about home, we know that the sense of unknown is not happening there, so we want to return.”So, how can we overcome these physical reactions?Ruth Hardy of the Guardian offered advice for students who are feeling the effects of being away from the safety of home.“Try and establish routines(常规) quickly. This can make your new environment feel more stable and will hopefully make you feel more settled,” she wrote.Making friends with others who are in your situation is also a great way to feel less homesick, according to Hardy.The most important thing to remember, however, is that homesickness is completely normal and is nothing to be ashamed of.And once it's gone, you're free lo enjoy the adventures and challenges of a brand new school year.12The study by the UK's National Union of Students is mentioned to.Ashow how homesickness causes harm to studentsBprove it's common for students to feel homesickCintroduce some causes of homesicknessDshow how all young people are troubled by homesickness13What can we learn about homesickness? AIt's only a feeling in our mind.BIt usually disappears after a few weeks.CIt has a physical influence on our body.DIt always happens once we visit an unfamiliar place.14According to Klapow, why is homesickness helpful to humans?AIt shows people the importance of their family. BIt drives people to get used to changes.CIt encourages people to express their feelings.DIt keeps people away from possible dangers.15How does Hardy suggest people deal with homesickness?ATake part in as many activities as possible.BTalk about your problems with your friends.CGet into a routine as early as possible.DAvoid seeing things related to your home life.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大多数学生在离开家一段时间后会有想家的感觉，但是想家是完全正常的，不要感到羞耻。克服了这种感受，你就可以自由地享受全新的学年。12推理判断题。根据第四段A study by the UK's National Union of Students found that up to 70 percent of UK students living away from home experience homesickness within their first few weeks of being away.可知，英国全国学生联合会的一项研究发现，高达70的远离家庭的英国学生在离开家的头几周内会感到想家，可以看出很多学生在离开家一段时间后都会想家，这与B项（学生想家是常见的）的描述相符。故选B。13细节理解题。根据第五段But homesickness isn't just a feeling of sadness that happens in our mind; it can also affect us physically.可知，想家不只是一种在我们心中发生的悲伤之感，它也会在身体上影响我们，这与C项（它对我们的身体有影响）的描述相符。选C。14细节理解题。根据第八段It's an evolutionary(进化的) thing that makes us protect ourselves from danger when something is unknown," he told the HuffPost.可知，身体做出反应是进化的结果，使我们能够在不熟悉的环境中有意识地保护自己免受危险，这与D项（使人们远离可能的危险）的描述相符。故选D。15细节判断题。根据倒数第四段Try and establish routines(常规) quickly. This can make your new environment feel more stable and will hopefully make you feel more settled可知，尝试快速进入常规生活，这可以使你在新环境中感到更加稳定和安定，这与C项（尽早进入常规生活）的描述相符。故选C。二、七选五 16 You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Heres how:Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First set your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. 17A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a comer of your room, free of ev