Unit 8知识清单（预习 复习 知识点详解）-2021-2022学年牛津译林版九年级英语上册.docx

9A Unit 8 Detective stories 知识清单 一、 Comic strip and Welcome to the unit.1.detective stories 侦探故事 【detective作形容词： 侦探的】 【注】detective 也可作n. 侦探; 警探; 私人侦探; eg: a detective 一名侦探2.be dressed like that 穿成那样 Eg: He is dressed like a bear. 他穿得像只熊。3.A detective is someone who looks for clues to something important. 【定语从句】侦探就是寻找重要事件线索的人。 look for clues to something important 寻找重要事件的线索 【归纳】the way to ; the key to ; the answer to ; the trip to ; the clue to 4.much more serious 严重得多 【much修饰比较级】 5.My food has gone missing. 我的食物不见了。 【missing adj.= lost 丢失的，缺少的】 go missing(短动词） 或 be missing(长动词，系表结构)【missing为形容词:不见了】【拓展】go bad 变坏， go wrong 出故障，出错look for the missing boy. 寻找失踪的男孩 【区分】gone：失去的，强调时间、情况等一去不复返，只可作表语。missing：丢失的，指暂时不在或找不到的，另外还有“被损毁的，缺少的，失踪的”等意思，可作定语、表语。lost：失去的，指无法再找到的，另外还有“迷路的，困惑的”等含义，可作定语、表语。6.They have to find out who the murderer is. 他们得搞清楚凶手是谁。7.make notes on the suspects 给嫌疑犯做笔录 【suspect作名词：嫌疑犯；作动词：怀疑】 8.be most likely to be the murderer 最有可能成为凶手9.Who do you think is not telling the truth? 你认为谁没有说实话？= Do you think who is not telling the truth（宾从）?tell the truth 说实话，说出真相 10.I guess Jimmy White is lying. 我猜吉米怀特正在撒谎。 lie作动词时 （a）躺 lie lay lain （b）撒谎 lie lied lied lie to sb.对某人撒谎 eg: He is lying to his mother.lie作名词时：谎言 eg: tell a lie/ tell lies 撒谎11.an office worker of medium height 一名中等身材的办公室职员【拓展】the height of 的高度 12.look untidy and nervous 看上去不整洁并且紧张二、Reading1.the body of a 22-year-old man 一具22岁的男尸2.He was last seen leaving his office at 7 p.m. yesterday. 【see sb. doing sth.看见某人在做某事】 他昨天晚上7：00最后一次被看到离开他的办公室。 【归纳】see sb. do sth. (主动) sb. be seen to do sth. (被动) see sb. doing sth. (主动) sb. be seen doing sth. (被动) 3.Theyre still working at the scene of the crime to find out whether the victim was killed somewhere else and then brought to West Town, or killed at the place where he was found. 他们还在案发现场工作以查明那个受害者是否在其它某个地方被杀，然后抛尸至西镇，或者就在被发现的地点被杀。at the scene of the crime 在案发现场be killed somewhere else 在其他某个地方被谋杀be killed at the place where he was found(定语从句）在发现尸体的地方被杀be brought to 被带到4.Were asking anyone who saw anything unusual near Corn Street last night(定从) to contact us. 我们正在叫任何在Corn Street 附近看到任何不寻常的事情的人联系我们。 anything unusual任何不寻常的事情contact sb. on + 电话号码 打.电话号码联系某人 Eg: contact the police on 110 打110联系警方 5.the chief /top detective首席侦探6.The victim was wounded with a knife and bled to death as a result.受害者被一把刀刺伤，导致流血而死。be wounded with a knife 被刀致伤 【wound名词：伤口；动词（vt.)：使.受伤】bleed to death 流血致死 【blood名词（不可数）：血 bleed动词（vt.)：流血】 bleed bled(过去式) bled(过去分词) bleeding (现在分词) 相似的有： met met met; feed fed fedas a result 结果；因此 7.We are now checking the scene for more clues which will help solve the case(定从). 我们正在检查现场以获取更多可以帮助解决案件的线索。 check the scene for more clues 检查现场以获取更多的线索help solve the case 帮助破案 8.be single 单身的(未婚的) be married 已婚的 9.a well-paid job 一份待遇丰厚的工作 10.However, according to the record, he was guilty of computer crimes in the past. 然而，根据记录，他过去有电脑犯罪的前科。according to the record 根据记录be guilty of 犯有的罪 eg: He is guilty of robbery. 他犯有抢劫罪。computer crimes电脑犯罪活动 11.He was charged with breaking into several computer systems over the last year.他去年被指控曾闯入多台电脑系统 charge: 作动词: 收(费); (向) 要价; 把记在账上; 控告; 起诉;充电 作名词: (商品和服务所需的) 要价，收费; 指控; 控告; 指责; 谴责;charge sb. with sth. 以某罪指控某人 【主动】 be charged with sth.【被动】be charged with (doing) 被指控(做). break into 强行闯入computer systems电脑系统12.Were not sure whether this made him any enemies. 我们不确定他是否因此树敌。make sb. enemies使某人树敌 【enemy 复数: enemies 】 13. We suppose that the victim knew his murderer（宾从）. 我们推断受害人认识凶手。 14.The only suspect is a short thin man who was seen running down Corn Street at 10 p.m. last night. 唯一的一名嫌疑人是昨晚10点被人看见正在沿着Corn Street奔跑的一位又矮又瘦的男人。 the only suspect 唯一的嫌疑犯be seen running down / along. 被看见正在沿着奔跑15.A witness reported that he was breathing heavily and had blood on his shirt（宾从）.一名证人汇报他气喘吁吁，衬衫上有血。breathe heavily 气喘吁吁 = be out of breathhave blood on the shirt 衬衫上有血迹16.at the time of the crime 在案发时间17.The victims parents have offered a reward of ￥50,000 for any information that leads to the arrest of the murderer.(定从) 受害人的父母愿意出五万元人民币对提供线索抓获凶手的人给予奖励。offer a reward of for 为悬赏钱 lead to the arrest of the murderer 导致凶手被捕【arrest作名词：逮捕】【lead to = cause】 arrest sb. for sth. 因某罪某人 【主动，arrest 作动词】 sb. be arrested for sth. 某人因某罪而被逮捕 【被动, arrest 作动词】 = sb. be under arrest for sth. 某人因某罪而被逮捕 【被动, arrest 作名词】18.Anyone who can provide useful information(定从) should contact the police.任何能够提供有用信息的人应该联系警方。the police 警方【集体名词，作主语时看作复数，注意谓语动词的形式】 19.do something wrong 做错事20.do something against the law 做违法的事 21.speak and act against you 在言行上反对你 22.arrest the murderer 逮捕凶手三、Grammar【语法】A. 什么叫定语？ 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。1.a beautiful girl (beautiful是前置定语，放在名词前）2. the film directed by Zhang Yimou (directed by Zhang Yimou是过去分词短语作后置定语）3. the book on the desk (on the desk 是介词短语作后置定语，放在名词后）4.the boy standing under the tree (standing under the tree是现在分词短语作后置定语）5. apple trees (apple是名词作前置定语）6. his book (his 是形容词性物主代词作前置定语）7. three apples (three是现数词作前置定语）8. I have much homework to do. (to do 是动词不定式作后置定语）下面以分词、介词短语为例：The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast is a drunk（醉汉）.提醒：大多数后置定语可以改为定语从句。【语法】B. 限制性定语从句（Defining relative clauses) 相关概念定语从句的有关概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。（定语从句要用陈述句语序）如：1)The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.(关系代词如果在定语从句中做主语，要注意从句中的谓语动单复数要与先行词一致)2)You must do everything that I do.在上面两句中的 man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that , which ,who (宾格whom ,所有格whose )和关系副词where, when .关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。也就是说关系词有三个作用：1.引导定语从句。 2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。3.连接主句和从句。例： The girl (who is behind the tree) is Kate.The man (who is driving too fast) is a drunk.【语法】C. 有关系代词引导的定语从句。 关系代词例句That在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时that 可省略)指物1.A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)2.The noodles （that） I cooked were delicious. (作宾语)指人1.Who is the man that is reading the book over there? (作主语)2.The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister. (作宾语)Which在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)指物1.The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well. (作主语)2.The songs（which）Liu Dehua sang were very popular. (作宾语)Who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语（如果介词放在从句后面，则whom可以省略）指人1.The man who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主语)2.The boy who broke the window is called Roy. (作主语)3.The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. (作宾语)4.Mrs White is the person to whom you should write. (作宾语)Whose 在从句中作定语,指物时相当于of which指人或物的所有格1.I like the girl whose hair is long. (作定语)2.I live in the house the windows of which are closed. = I live in the house whose windows are closed.（从表中可以看出：用that 更有通用性）但是：1）在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that 2) 在介词后面不能用that 3）先行词是代人的不定代词如those, somebody时不能用that【语法】D. 有关系副词引导的定语从句：(只作了解)1.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country, school, room），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.2.先行词是表示时间的名词（year, month, day, night），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 The day when（=on which) he was born was Aug.20,1952 The year when (=in which) he died was 1982.比较：1）This is the school which I visited last year. 2) This is the school in which (where) I stayed last year.3. 先行词如果the reason,表示原因，则定语从句用why = for which来引导。 This is the reason why I was late for school.【语法】E. 定语从句分类(只作了解)定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（又称描述性定语从句）。1、限制性定语从句与先行词关系密确，对它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意思，限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号。 例What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter?2、非限制性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，在口语中用停顿的方法表示，在书面语中用逗号分开，因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。一般用which ,who, where等来引导非限制性定语从句，而不用that 来引导非限制性定语从句。例I like to talk with John, who is a clever man.例Water, which is a clear liquid (液体)，has many uses.【语法】F. 关于that ;which 用法请注意(只作了解)先行词（物）之前有all, every, any, no ,little, much, few 等词修饰时，或者其本身为all, ,everything, something ,nothing, anything, none；the one；much, few, any, little等不定代词，定语从句that用引导，不能用which。(如果先行词是指人的不定代词，则关系代词用who/whom,不用that 和which)Is there anything that you want to explain ?Everyone who heard her sad story was moved to tears.先行词（物）前有形容词最高级、序数词或only, very, the first, the last, the same表示“惟一”观念的形容词等修饰时，定语从句用that引导,不能用which.This is the only reason that I can say.This is the first step that can be taken.It is the best one that you may choose. 当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免whowho, whichwhich等重叠，定语从句用that引导。 Who is the man that is standing by the door? Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用that引导。 John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now. 不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常省掉。 He is no longer the man that he was. 先行词是一个短语或者是一个句子时，关系代词用 which (大多数情况是非限制性定语从句) He missed the train ,which annoyed (使.恼火) him very much .【语法】G. 宾语从句、主语从句与定语从句区分。定语从句中常用到that/which/who/whom等关系代词作主语或宾语；而在宾语从句或者主语、表语等从句中（特殊疑问句作宾语从句或主语从句时），常用到what / whom 等疑问代词作主语或宾语。 如：1) We believe what she said. (宾从，不能用that 来换what) We believe anything/the words that/which she said. (定从)2) I dont know the girl whom/that I met yesterday.(定从) 3) I dont know whom the girl likes. (宾从，不能用that) 4) What he said surprised me . (主从，不能用that)【语法】H. 重点短语和句型：1.the elderly couple 那对年老的夫妇2.There was probably more than one person who had something to do with the murder(定从）.more than one person 不止一个人 eg: More than one student has died in the accident.have something to do with sth. 与某事有关；have nothing to do with sth. 与某事无关probably (adv.) 可能 （放句中）； maybe/perhaps (adv.) 可能 （放句首） 2.He was the man who first wrote detective stories in English(定从). 他就是第一个用英语写侦探小说的人。3. require readers to check every tiny detail for possible clues to criminal cases需要读者们为案件的可能线索而检查每一个细节require sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 possible clues to criminal cases 案件的可能线索 4.a master at solving crimes 一个破案高手5.be covered in blood 浑身是血6.Has there been any progress in the murder case? 凶杀案已经有进展吗？7.The boss did something which is not allowed by the law（定从）. 老板做了违法的事情。8.The victim wanted to report the crime that his boss had committed（定从） to the police.受害人想要向警方举报他的老板已经犯的罪行。report sth. to the police 向警方举报某事 commit （vt.） 犯（罪） committed committing commit a crime/ crimes 犯罪9.It turned out that he had nothing to do with the case. 结果证明他与案件无关。 turn out 原来是，结果是 (无被动）turn out +that宾从 turn out (to be) + adj./n. 10.He was in a hurry to catch a bus. 他匆匆忙忙地赶公交车。 = He hurried to catch a bus. 【回顾】be in a hurry to do sth. = hurry to do sth. = do sth.in a hurry = do sth. hurriedly四、Integrated skills 1.kidnap vt. 绑架 kidnapped kidnapping (现在分词或动名词：绑架案)2.a man of great wealth 一个有钱人 3.be in prison for six months 入狱六个月 4.have no criminal record 没有犯罪记录 criminal 作形容词：犯罪的； 作名词：罪犯 5.on the morning of 28 December在12月28日的上午 6.at his sisters wedding 在他姐姐的婚礼上 【on their wedding day 在他们结婚那一天】7.think of some safety tips to protect yourself against crime 想到一些安全提示来保护你自己抵制犯罪行为safety tips 安全提示 【safe 形容词：安全的 safely 副词：安全地 safety名词：安全】 protect yourself against crime保护你自己预防犯罪行为 8.remember to lock the door 记住锁上门9.shut all the windows 关闭所有的窗户 【shut关闭shut过去式 shut过去分词】 shut 作v.关闭; 关上; 合上; (使) 停止营业，关门，打烊 【shut up闭嘴】作adj. 关闭; 合拢; 停业; 关门 10.carry a lot of money with sb. 身边带大量现金 11. Wed better not go out alone at night.我们最好不要在晚上独自一人出门。【had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事】12.guard against any possible danger 防范/提防任何可能的危险guard against sth. 提防某事 五、Study skills 【A】怎样读一篇小说（How to read a novel)。 当你读一篇小说的时侯，你经常为了了解大意而读得很快。你不必要懂得每个单词。【B】重点短语句型e along 来吧，过来，走吧2.look up 【动副词组，代词放中间】（在字典或电话本中）查找抬头看看望，拜访3.turn to the two detectives 转向两个侦探4.be in the prime of life 正值壮年 5.glance at each other 互相瞥了一眼 6.lose time looking for sb. 浪费时间寻找某人 lose time doing sth. = waste time doing sth. 浪费时间做某事六、Task1.a gold necklace 一条金项链2.Bruce was charged with theft. 布鲁斯被指控犯有偷窃罪。be charged with theft 被指控偷窃罪3.Bruce gets along with all of his neighbours except the man who lives next door（定从）.除了住在隔壁的那个男人之外，布鲁斯和所有邻居都和睦相处。the man who lives next door 住在隔壁的那个男人get along / on (well)with 与和睦相处Eg:- How are you getting along/on with your classmates? 你和你的同学相处得怎样？ -I am getting along/on well with them. 我和他们相处得很好。4.never speak to anyone 从不和任何人说话5.No one knows what he does for a living. 没人知道他靠什么谋生。 do sth. for a living做某事谋生 = make a living by doing sth.e (back) home from work 下班回家 7.The policeman told him that some valuable jewellery had been stolen.这名警察告诉他一些有价值的珠宝被盗。some valuable jewellery 一些昂贵珠宝 【jewellery 总称：珠宝（不可数）】have been stolen 已经被偷 【steal stole(过去式) stolen(过去分词)】 8.be under arrest for murder = be arrested for murder 因谋杀罪而被捕9.Ill check these for fingerprints. 我要检查这些物品提取指纹。 10.归纳：动词名词(事件)名词(人)形容词动词过去式,过去分词动词现在分词(ing)rob 抢劫robbery 抢劫罪robber强盗robbed, robbedrobbingburgle 入室盗窃burglary 入室盗窃罪burglar 入室盗贼burgled, burgledburglingsteal 偷窃stealing/theft 偷窃罪thief 小偷stole, stolenstealingkidnap 绑架kidnapping 绑架罪kidnapper 绑匪kidnapped, kidnappedkidnappingcommit 犯罪crime 活动;罪行criminal 罪犯criminal 犯罪的committed, committedcommittingmurder 谋杀murder 谋杀罪murderer 杀人犯murderedmurdered 【拓展】rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 eg: He robbed my sister of his gold necklace.第 9 页 共 9 页9A Unit 8知识清单