Unit 4 知识清单（预习 复习 知识点详解）-2021-2022学年牛津译林版九年级英语上册.docx

9A Unit 4 Growing up 知识清单 一、 Comic strip and Welcome to the unit.1.grow up 长大 Eg: grow up into a beautiful girl 长成一个漂亮的姑娘2.Whats on your mind? 你在想什么?on ones mind 挂在心上；惦念 【in ones mind 在某人的脑海里】3.Whats up?= Whats wrong? =Whats the matter? 怎么了?4.Thats all right. / Thats OK./ Never mind . / It doesnt matter. 没关系，不要紧。5. build another one for yourself 为你自己再建一个 【build sth. for sb.为某人建造某物】6. Dont wake me up until you finish building it. 【finish doing sth. 做完某事】直到你建完后再叫醒我。【until引导时间状从，主将从现】7.do a survey on . 做一个关于.的调查 8.in different times 在不同的时代 【time作可数名词：时代；作不可数名词：时间】9.I can read them whenever I want to. 无论何时我想读的时侯就可以读。 Eg: I will help you whenever you are in trouble. 【whenever引导时间状从，主将从现】 whenever = no matter when 无论何时 whatever = no matter what 无论什么 whoever = no matter who 无论是谁10.learn about the world through the Internet 通过/凭借因特网了解这个世界11. As soon as you click the mouse, theres a great deal of information. a great deal of = much 大量的 【只能修饰不可数名词】 as soon as . 一.就. (引导时间状语从句，主将从现） Eg: We will go on working as soon as the rain stops. 二、Reading1.While (he was) attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team. 在就读初中时，Spud报名参加校队。while/when + doing sth. 当做某事的时候 【when/while引导时间状语】 【区分】I dont know when to go there. 【when引导不定式作宾语】 = I dont know when I will go there.【when引导宾语从句】 try out for the school team 报名参加校队，参加校队的选拔赛 2.refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 3.lose (ones) heart 灰心，失去信心 4. score 20 points 得了20分5.from then on 从那时起 【常用于过去时】from now on 从现在起 【常用于将来时】6.sit in the stands because of his height 由于身高坐在看台上7.practise even harder 训练得更加刻苦 【even + 比较级】 8.get the coach to change his mind 让教练改变了他的想法get sb. to do sth. = make/have/let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事change ones mind/idea 改变某人的主意9.go on to become leader of the team 接着/继续成为了球队的队长【head,chairperson,leader等表职务时前不加冠词the】go on doing sth.继续做同一件事= continue doing sth.=continue to do sth.= go on with sth.go on to do sth. 继续做另一件不同的事 10.be named Player of the Year 被命名为年度最佳球员 【拓展】name after 以的名字命名 Eg: The school was named after a hero in the World War II.11.simple (adj.) 简单的 simply (adv. )仅仅，简直 【le结尾的形容词变副词：去e加y】 【拓展】comfortable (adj.) comfortably (adv. ) ; possible (adj.) possibly (adv. ) 12.lead his team to the national championship 带领他的队伍走向了全国冠军锦标赛 13.This brought him to the attention of North Carolina State University. 这让他引起了北卡罗莱纳州立大学的注意。bring A to the attention of B 让A引起B的注意 14.As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship. 结果，他成功地获得了奖学金。 as a result结果，所以； as a result of 由于的结果succeed in (doing) sth. 成功(做)某事 = be successful in (doing) sth. = do sth. successfully = have success in (doing) sth. have success at work/shcool 在工作/学业方面取得成功fail to do sth. 做某事失败15.Although he was a great player at university, the NBA was not interested in him. =He was a great player at university, but the NBA was not interested in him. although= though 虽然，与but但是相对应。 二者在句中只能使用其一。 16.graduate from the university 大学毕业17.He was forced to play in another basketball league. 他被迫在另一个篮球联赛打球。force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 18.remain there for about a year 在那儿逗留了约一年 remain 用法:作系动词：保持，仍然是；（后接名词，形容词，过去分词，现在分词或介词短语） eg: Youhavetherighttoremain/keepsilent.你有权保持沉默。作不及物动词：留在某处；剩下eg: Sheremainedathometo look after the children. 她留在家里照顾孩子。 19.take notice of . 注意到 【此处notice为名词】 【回顾】notice感官动词：notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意某人正在做某事 20.have (get) many great achievements 获得许多伟大的成就 21.his proudest moment 他最引以为豪的一刻 22.Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type does not matter. 【宾从】through hard work 通过努力的工作 = by working hard prove用法： A)prove作"证明;证实"解时,用法如下: (1).prove+名词/代词Hehasprovedhiscourageinthebattle. 他已在作战中证明了他的勇气.(2)prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.) Canyouproveyouropiniontous? 你能向我们证实你的观点吗? (3)prove+宾语+宾语补足语Theyprovedthemselveswiseandbrave.他们证实自己机智的和勇敢的.(4)prove+ 宾语从句 Canyouprovewhereyou wereonMay 10th? 你能证明五月十日你在什么地方吗? B)prove作"证明是;结果是;事实说明"解时,用作连系动词,无被动语态（主动表被动）。(1)prove+形容词eg:Thedictionaryprovedmostuseful. 这本字典证明很有用。(2)prove+名词eg:Sheprovedaverystrictteacher. 结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师。 (3)prove + 动词不定式 eg: Her words proved to be right. 她说的话证明是对的。Sheprovedto be averystrictteacher. 结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师. 三、Grammar【语法】A. 用before, after, when and while： before; after; when和while都是用来引导时间状语从句的。时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。连词before; after; when和while引导时间状语从句时，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。(1)before意为“在之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。Close the window before you leave the room.(2)after意为“在之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。I went to school after I finished my breakfast.(3)when意为“当(在)时候”，表示主句动作发生的特定时间。【when + 短动词/长动词】The days get longer when spring comes.(4)while意为“在期间”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中。【while + 长动词/be】 While I was doing my homework, my father came into my room.【语法】B. 用since,till and until： 我们也可以用连词since; till和until引导时间状语从句。(1)since意为“自从以来”。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。They have been friends since they were in primary school.(2)till和until 意为“到 为止”，一般情况下两者可以互换，但until可以放在句首或句中，而till通常放于句中。until比till更加正式。We will walk until/till we see a white house. 【主句动词walk长动词，until用肯定式】The children wont come home until it is dark. 【主句动词come短动词，until用否定式】【语法】C. 用as soon as, whenever：as soon as 和whenever也可以引导时间状语从句。(1)as soon as意为“一 就”It began to rain as soon as I left the house.I will call you as soon as my fathere comes back. 【主将从现】(2)whenever意为“每当，任何时候” = no matter when = every time He always wears a smile on her face whenever we see her. 【语法】D. 重点短语句型1.feel tired out 感到筋疲力尽 2. receive a call from my uncle 收到我舅舅的一个电话 e back from work 下班回家 4.be crazy about playing basketball 痴迷于打蓝球5.become serious about basketball 对待篮球变得认真be/become serious about (doing) sth. 认真对待某事 6.in a game against the Atlanta Hawks 在一场对抗亚特兰大老鹰队的比赛中 【重点】against介词：靠 eg: stand against the door 靠着门站立迎着 eg: run against the strong wind 迎着大风奔跑对抗 eg: play against the football team from Japan 与来自日本的足球队打比赛反对 eg: I am against his plan. 我反对他的计划。反义词：for赞成违反 eg: do something against the law 做了违反法律的事情 7.end his basketball career 结束他的篮球生涯 四、Integrated skills 1.break out （战争）爆发 【没有被动语态】 【回顾】break down 破坏，抛锚，毁掉2.be translated into 67 languages 被翻译成67种语言 3.a record of that time 那个时代的记录 4.a symbol of the victory of the human spirit 人类精神胜利的象征 【spirit不可数名词】 【回顾】team spirit 团队精神5.go into hiding in her fathers office 躲藏进了她父亲的办公室里 go into hiding 躲藏起来6.【归纳】German德国人，德国的（非合成词）复数Germans Walkman（非合成词） Walkmans Roman Romans human humans7.die of illness 死于疾病 die from the earthquake 死于地震 【die from 死于意外原因】【若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介词die of如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病，癌症，发烧等)】【若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词die from 。如： die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故，雷击等) 。】【若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用die of, die from 均可。如：die of from a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等)。】die out 灭绝die(vi.) death(n.) dead(adj.)死的 dying (adj.)快要死的8.Her father had her diary published. 她的父亲找人出版了她的日记。have sth. done 让某事被干 (请别人做某事）eg: have her diary published 让她的日记被出版（发行）have my shoes washed 让我的鞋子被洗 have my hair cut 让我的头发被剪 类似结构： make sth./sb. done Eg: make myself heard 让他自己被听见make himself understood 让他自己被理解9.write down her thoughts, her feelings, her hopes and her dreams for the future. 写下她的想法、她的感受、她的希望和她对未来的梦想thought 名词：想法、看法、主意 【thought也作think的过去式和过去分词】 her dreams for the future 她对未来的梦想10.survive the war with his friends 和他的朋友经历战争后幸存下来 survive the war从战争中幸存下来 survivor(n.) 幸存者; survival(n.) 幸存 11.I admire these children for their courage. 我佩服这些孩子的勇气。【courage 不可数n.：勇气】 admire sb. for sth. 因为某事而敬佩某人encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 【encourage 动词：鼓励】12.Its a pity that they couldnt enjoy a happy life just as we do. 【it为形式主语，that引导主从】他们不能像我们一样享受幸福的生活是件遗憾的事。 【区分】as作连词：像.一样 （后接句子）like作介词：像.一样 （后接名词或代词或名词性短语，可转化为such as）13.live in peace 生活在和平时期 14.live in fear of their lives 生活在他们对生命安全的恐惧中五、Study skills 【A】凭构词方法猜测词义（Guessing the meaning of a word by its formation)。 (1)当我们读到新单词时，我们有时能通过它们的构词方法猜出它们的意思。 (2)有时后缀会更改一个单词的词性，但是单词的含义几乎保持不变。 因此，如果您知道单词词根的含义，你可以猜出这个词的意思，例如illness, achievement,energetic,dangerous, freedom（自由）. (3)有时前缀或后缀会改变单词的意思，例如:incorrect,dislike, unlucky,homeless.(4)有时两个词结合在一起形成一个合成词，例如:blackboard. 有些合成词有连字符（-），例如:hard-working.【B】重点短语句型1.become a best-seller 成为一本最畅销的书2.describe her boredom with being away from the outside world 描述了她与外面世界隔绝时的无聊。 六、Task1.the person who has influenced me most（定从） 对我影响最大的人2.in his fifties 在他50多岁的时侯in ones teens / forties / fifties 在某人十几岁 / 四十几岁 / 五十几岁 in the seventies 在七十年代in the 1980s (1980s) 在20世纪80年代 3.a family who cant afford a TV（定从） 买不起电视的一户人家4.care for the children who have lost their parents（定从） 照顾那些失去父母的孩子care for = look after = take care of 照顾 5.the blood (that) he has donated（定从） 他献的血6.donate blood cells to people with blood cancer 捐出血细胞给血癌病人 【have a cancer 患癌症】7.donate his body for medical research 捐出自己的遗体供医学研究 research 不可数名词：研究、调查、探索 Eg: The college students need to do some research for the project.8.to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 【surprise作不可数名词：惊讶，惊喜】 surprise 可作动词 eg: surprise sb. 使某人惊讶surprised (adj.): 惊讶的 【修人】；surprising (adj.): 令人惊讶的 【修物】9.seem to be kinder to others than to his own family 似乎对别人比对他的家人更好seem用法：seem + 形； seem to do sth. ； It seems that + 从句be kind to sb. 对某人友好10.have a heart full of love 有一颗充满爱的心 My father has a heart full of love. = My father has a heart filled with love. （后置定语） =My father has a heart which/that is full of love.(定从）第 7 页 共 7 页9A Unit 4 知识清单