清单04 选择性必修第四册 重点单词变形词组短语句型（解析版）.docx
Unit1 Honesty and responsibility目标导学重点词汇1barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才2worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的3outline vt.概述，略述n.概述；轮廓线，略图4suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象5arrest n& vt.逮捕，拘捕6wire vt.给(某人)打电话；接通电源n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网7criminal n罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的8anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地9principle n道德原则；法则；信条10decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的11geophysicist n地球物理学家12core adj.核心的，最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分13resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去14substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的15mineral n矿物，矿物质16forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)17cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊18wrap vt.包，裹，用缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料19parcel n包裹，小包；一块地vt.裹好，打包20bow n蝴蝶结；弓vi.鞠躬；低(头)21nephew n侄子，外甥22wrinkle n皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起23sew vi.& vt.缝，做针线活；缝上24pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为25likewise adv.同样地；也，而且26deadline n最后期限，截止日期27fault n过错，责任；弱点，缺点28virtue n美德；正直的品性；优点29organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的30garbage n垃圾；废话31sow vt.& vi.播种，种32harvest n收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt.& vi.收割，捕猎33quote n引语，原话vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明词汇拓展1appointment n约定，约会；任命，委托；职务appoint vt.约会；任命2reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的rely vi.依靠；依赖3innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人innocence n天真；清白4legal adj.合法的；法律的illegal adj.不合法的；违法的5socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者social adj.社会的；社交的society n社会6photographer n摄影师，拍照者photography n摄影；摄影术7guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的guilt n内疚；犯罪；有罪8ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬shame n羞耻；羞愧；惭愧shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的9disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n失望，沮丧10guidance n指导；导航guide vt.带领；引导 n向导11discouraged adj.灰心的discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的discourage vt.阻止，使气馁12saving n节省物，节省；储蓄金save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救重点词组1拆毁，拆除tear down2发财make ones fortune3失去联系lose contact4臂挽着臂arm in arm5被逮捕under arrest6turn up出现，到场；卷起；调大7on the beat在巡逻中8pull out离开，撤离；拔出9stick to坚持10take charge of掌管，负责11任处置；对无能为力at the mercy of12使焦虑不安，加重的思想负担weigh on sb./sth.13坦白地说frankly speaking14促进，有助于contribute to15令某人感到失望的是to ones disappointment16make a difference有影响，有关系17in store贮藏着；准备着；将要发生18be responsible for对负责19set aside留出；不顾20for the benefit of为了的利益重点句型1完全倒装On the left side of the road stands our library，where there are various books.在路的左侧是我们的图书馆，里面有各种各样的书籍。2with的复合结构With the final exam approaching，we are all busy going over the lessons.随着期末考试的临近，我们都在忙着复习功课。3however引导的让步状语从句No matter how/However hard it is，I will pursue my dream.不管有多么困难，我都要追求我的梦想。4hardly.when.Hardly had they got to the kitchen when they set out to cook breakfast for their mother.他们一到厨房就开始为母亲做早餐了。5it will be.before.It will be less than a year before we graduate from high school.还有不到一年我们就高中毕业了。知识精讲Word listsSupportive sentences1.decent adj. 正派的，体面的，适当的，合宜的，正经的to do the decent thing 识时务He is a fine, upstanding, and decent Irish citizen.That was very decent of him.They were very decent about it.( 他们对这件事十分宽容。)He didnt get a decent explanation.Are there any decent restaurants around here?He dreamed of living in decent conditions.The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage.John and his wife Leah are very decent people.2.transcript n. 抄本，副本，誊本，成绩单，笔录，文字记录She went through the transcript carefully in order to eliminate all errors from it.We have a transcript of your school records.Did you bring your transcript from high school?A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.3.eliminate vt. 排除，略去，不予考虑，淘汰，刷掉，杀死，除掉，铲除，排泄，排出to eliminate from 把从中去除They have taken positive steps to eliminate discriminatory practices.He declared war on the government and urged right-wingers to eliminate their opponents.We must eliminate unnecessary steps and get directly to the point.Their team was eliminated in the first round.4.barely adv. 几乎不，刚刚，勉强，少量地，刚好He is so weak that he can barely stand up.I had barely/hardly started speaking when he interrupted me.We had barely enough money to last through the weekend.The room was barely furnished.5.appointment n. 约定，约会，任命，委任，委任的职位I made a doctors appointment for you.Ive got a dental appointment.He wants to change his appointment from Monday to Wednesday.His promotion to manager was a popular appointment.I believe he will get a good appointment.6.tear down 拆除，拆毁I want to tear down the walls that hold me inside.The city will tear down the building and create a park.7.keen adj. 急切的，渴望的，渴求的，热衷于，热诚的，热心的，热情的，敏锐的，敏捷的anxious，eager，keen均有“急切的，渴望的”之意。anxious 强调因忧虑、关注或害怕而产生的急切心情。eager 侧重于急于成功的迫切心情。keen 强调因兴趣强烈或欲望而急于做某事。Tom is a keen golfer.The blind have a keen sense of touch.Their keen eyes can penetrate the water to a depth of forty feet.Be brave, a fence between makes love more keen.The razor has a very keen edge.They have a wide knowledge of everyday things, and a keen interest in their particular city and state.They are rather keen to purchase Chinese goods. If you are keen on doing something, you very much want to do it. If you are keen that something should happen, you very much want it to happen.8.concession n. 让步，妥协，迎合，优惠，折让，特许，特许权，租地营业商铺a concession to sth 对某事的妥协tax concession 税收优惠，税收减免The company has been granted a concession by the Government to mine in the area.Ending the dispute was worth almost any concession.The museum also has a mail-order catalogue and a concession at Selfridges.( 这个博物馆还有邮购目录，并在塞尔福里奇百货公司有一个铺位。)9.on the beat 在巡逻中，合拍More police officers out on the beat may help to cut crime. Last night in our neighborhood, some policemen were on the beat.They were all playing on the beat. 10.make ones fortune 发财，成功立业He went to the west to make his fortune.11.lose contact/touch 失去联系By the time he got well he had lost contact/touch with the Party.I dont want to lose contact/touch with you.12.reliable adj. 可靠的,可信赖的,确实的,真实可信的,可依靠的I dont think he is a reliable man.She may be slow but at least shes reliable.A man who is dead to the justice is not reliable.There is no doubt that he is a reliable person.Trains are reliable, cheap and best for long-distance journeys.13.worthwhile adj. 有价值的,令人愉快的,值得花费时间(金钱、精力、努力)的,重要的It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations.It is worthwhile doing it. Its a tough exam, so the end product is a worthwhile qualification.At last I'm a worthwhile role model for my girls.The time and work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile.The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad.I will live a fantastic, worthwhile and productive life!It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.Teaching is a worthwhile calling.14.arm in arm 手挽着手，臂挽着臂I often see my grandparents strolling happily arm in arm.Ive just seen them going down the road arm in arm.15. suspect vt. & vi. 觉得(用于陈述观点，语气不强烈或直接),怀疑,疑有,怀疑有罪,对有疑问,不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 adj. 可疑的，受到怀疑的，令人怀疑的to suspect (that) 觉得，怀疑 I suspect its unavoidable.The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg.I had become a suspect in a murder inquiry.The police say they suspect the attack was carried out by animal rights activists.I suspect he was lying by the boys abnormal behavior.She has more intelligence than we suspected her to possess.The police couldnt prove the suspects guilt.His fitness is suspect, so we cant risk including him in the team.16.arrest n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕，拘押to arrest sb for 因.逮捕某人under arrest 被逮捕She had been placed in close arrest. (她被严密拘禁。)You are all under arrest.The security forces have extensive powers of search and arrest.They were not ready to reveal any details of the arrest.The riot led to the arrest of three young men.The students arrest disturbed their friends.17.take charge of 管理，接管.，负责.The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away.Our department has taken charge of the task. (我们部门已经接管了这个任务。)18.somehow adv. 用某种方法，以某种方式，莫名其妙地，不知怎么地We must make up for the lost time somehow.I wish I can repay you somehow for your kindness.He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.Well manage somehow. Ill get you there somehow.To hear her talking this way was somehow shocking.19.legal adj. 法定的，合法的，法律的Though legal, the tactics were questionable.What I did was perfectly legal.When his father died, his uncle became his legal custodian.She started out on her legal career in 1963.We will introduce legal safeguards against fraud.When you are 18, you are a legal voter.20.resign vt. & vi. 放弃，辞去，辞职，放弃权利、要求等resign oneself to 顺从，听任Riskily, hes decided to resign.After much legal disputation our right to resign was established.Have you heard of her intention to resign?He decided to resign his claim to the copyright.He has resigned himself to the fact that he will lose the job. (他已经接受他将要失去这份工作的现实。)The team refused to resign themselves to being defeated.21.guilty adj. 有过错的，有过失的，有罪的，感到内疚的，感到惭愧的be guilty of. 犯有罪，对感到内疚The general assumption was that I was guilty.The court found him guilty. The man was proved guilty of murder. His answer evidenced a guilty conscience.He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty.The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty of theft.If a single drop of blood falls, you will be guilty of murder! In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 22.ashamed adj. 惭愧的，羞愧的，难为情的，臊皮羞脸的，害臊的，尴尬的be ashamed of 为而感到羞愧be ashamed for sb 替某人感到羞愧be ashamed of oneself for 因为自感羞愧He bowed his head, ashamed.I was thoroughly ashamed of myself. Anyone who believes this should be ashamed of themselves.He is ashamed for his former dishonorable action.He was ashamed that he had lied.He jumped up, looking a little ashamed of himself.23.forgive vt. & vi. 原谅，宽恕，饶恕，免除债务to forgive and forget 不念旧恶；既往不咎sb could be forgiven for sth 某人做某事情有可原She found the charity in her heart to forgive them for the wrong they had done.The American Congress has agreed to forgive Egypts military debt.Forgive me.He is not a man who forgives easily.I forgave him his crimes.24.cheat n. 作弊者，舞弊者 vt. 诈骗，欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 欺诈，作假，在考试等中作弊to cheat sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 to feel cheated 觉得受骗或上当了He was a liar and a cheat. (他过去坑蒙拐骗。)Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools.We were on our honor not to cheat the customers.They cheat the old woman of her house and money.I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.He is a shameless cheat.25.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的，失意的Naturally, we were very disappointed.Im sorry to have made you disappointed.They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.I was disappointed by the quality of the wine.She was disappointed not to be chosen.He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless.26.sew vt. 缝，缝制，缝补，缝上 vi. 缝，缝纫，做针线活They teach the children to cook, sew, and knit.I dont have the face to take yet another pair to the dry cleaners and ask them to sew them up.Ill just sew up that tear, and the coat will be as good as new.She preferred to sew rather than to knit.The quickest way to sew is with a sewing machine.27.pretend vi. & vt. 假装，装作，佯装，装扮，假装，假扮，自以为，自诩She pretends that she likes them so that she can get their help.The young actor pretended to be Hamlet. (那个年轻演员扮演哈姆雷特。)She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep. I had no option but to pretend ignorance. Ill pretend I didnt hear that.You cant pretend your problems dont exist!28.privilege n. 荣幸，特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，给予恩惠，特别优待，有特权the privilege of freedom from arrest 免于逮捕的豁免权I dont have client privilege like doctors or lawyers.Pironi was the son of privilege and wealth.She was cocooned in a private world of privilege. (她生活在一个与世隔绝的特权世界里。)The college was an elite institution based on privilege and the old school tie. (大学是以特权和校友关系网为基础的精英机构。)I had the privilege of meeting the queen.It was a privilege to work with him.This pass will privilege you to attend the closed hearing.29.mercy n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽恕，侥幸at the mercy of 完全由支配，任由摆布to throw yourself on sbs mercy 听任某人发落 mercy killing 安乐死，安乐死术 without mercy 残忍地，毫不容情地， 毫不留情的，无怜悯之心have mercy on someone 可怜某人in ones mercy 出于慈悲，出于恻隐之心May God have mercy on your soul. (愿上帝宽恕你的灵魂。)Mercy to the enemies means cruelty to the people.They showed their enemies no mercy.They never appealed to us for mercy.The commander showed mercy to the prisoners of war.Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt. We were at the mercy of the weather.They set off up the road on their mission of mercy, Badger leading the way.mercy, compassion, pity, sympathy都有“同情”或“可怜”的意思。其区别在于:pity通常只表示内心感到难过或同情,少给予帮助。sympathy指“同情心”或“恻隐之心”，强调共同分担，进而对某种经历或遭遇引起共鸣。compassion指“同情心”，强调由于理解而同情，并主动给予帮助，常常指通过自身痛苦或不幸而同情别人。mercy指“仁慈”或“怜悯”，含有主动救助别人脱离苦难之义。It is a pity that such an ability as him should be employed about such trifle matters. 真可惜，像他这样有才能的人竟然被用来做这类琐事。Her own experiences had taught her to have compassion for misunderstood children. 她自身的遭遇使她认识到应对那些受到误解的孩子予以同情。The criminal pleaded with the jury for mercy. 犯人恳求陪审团宽恕他。He was moved with sympathy. 他动了恻隐之心。30.fault n.错误，失误，责任，过错，过失，缺点，弱点，故障find fault with 挑剔to a fault 过分地If it wasnt Sams fault, why was I blaming him?Its my fault.I like him despite his faults.There is a fault in the electrical system.It was not our fault that we were late.She is cautious to a fault. (她过分谨慎了。)He found fault with my composition.31.discouraged adj. 灰心丧气的，沮丧的，气馁的discourage sb from doing sth 妨碍、阻止、阻拦某人作某事Dont be discouraged.He sounded a little discouraged.There were concerns that the pricing structure discouraged competition. (人们担心价格体系会妨碍竞争。)They were discouraged from visiting the park because they discomforted other visitors.32.bonus n. 奖金，意外收获，红利Did you get your Christmas bonus?Bonus notices were issued each year from head office to local agents.He received a box of cookies as a bonus when he bought coffee at the shop.The warm weather in such a freezing winter has been a real bonus. (这么寒冷的冬天有这样暖和的天气真是令人喜出望外。)The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus.The firm recognized Toms outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus.33.weigh on sb/sbs mind 使某人焦虑不安，加重某人的思想负担，给某人施加压力She knew she had been unfair to him and it weighed heavily on her mind for a long time.Hes under huge pressure at work and its really weighing on him.34.live a lie 过骗人的生活，为人虚伪He had to live a lie, which brought him pain.I couldnt bear living a lie any more.35.assume v
